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<title lang=en>Mechanical characterization of developing tension wood fibre wall by atomic force microscopy</title>
<creator>Capron, Marie</creator>
<creator>Ramonda, Michel</creator>
<creator>Laurans, Françoise, </creator>
<creator>Clair, Bruno</creator>
<creator>Alméras, Tancrède</creator>
<creator>Arnould, Olivier</creator>
<contributor>Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC) ; Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Bois (BOIS) ; Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC) ; Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Laboratoire de Microscopie en Champ Proche (LMCP) ; Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)</contributor>
<contributor>Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)</contributor>
<contributor>Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - AgroParisTech - Université de Guyane (UG) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>This work was performed in the framework of the project “StressInTrees” (ANR-12-BS09-0004) funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR).</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source> 8th Plant Biomechanics International Conference </source>
<coverage>Nagoya, Japan</coverage>
<identifier>hal-01436113</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01436113</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01436113</source>
<source> 8th Plant Biomechanics International Conference , Nov 2015, Nagoya, Japan. 〈https://www.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~butsuri/pbm8/index.html〉</source>
<source>https://www.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~butsuri/pbm8/index.html</source>
<language>en</language>
<subject>[SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject</type>
<type>Conference papers</type>
<description lang=en>A key element of the biomechanical design of trees is their ability to generate largemechanical stresses in wood at the stem periphery. This function is necessary for the tree tocontrol the orientation of its axes, and therefore to grow in height, maintain its branches at anoptimal angle or achieve adaptive reorientations (Fournier et al., 2013). This “maturationstress” appears in wood fibres during their cellular maturation when their secondary cell wallis thickening. In hardwoods, the stress asymmetry is generated by the formation of specificfibres with a very high tensile growth stress on the upper side of the inclined axis. Theresulting tension wood has microstructural features highly different from the normal wood.Tension wood in almost all temperate species has a specific gelatinous cell wall layer, calledG-layer, that is not lignified and highly mesoporous (Chang et al., 2015). It has been shownrecently, at the macroscopic scale, that cellulose tension appears during maturation and issynchronous with the development of this specific layer (Clair et al., 2011). Tropical species,like simarouba, are able to generate lignified tension wood fibres. The mechanisms of stressgeneration in tension wood fibres are not yet well known. The aim of our study is tounderstand these mechanisms and to know the spatial and temporal kinetics of the differentcell wall layers stiffening during maturation, in parallel with tensile stress generation.Contact-Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy, CR-AFM, was used here to address thisquestion on embedded samples (Arnould and Arinero, 2015) using dual resonance frequencytracking (DRFT, Rodriguez et al., 2007). Change in the contact modulus between, and within,each layer of the cell wall has been measured on several radial lines of developing fibres atdifferent steps. In order to understand the obtained results, and to estimate the sensitivity ofthe AFM indentation-like technique to the different cell wall components stiffness, an elasticanisotropic indentation model was used (Vlassak et al., 2003; Jäger et al., 2011). Finally,these mechanical measurements have been compared to topochemical data obtained on thesame fibres.</description>
<date>2015-11-30</date>
<contributor>ANR-12-BS09-0004, StressInTrees, Approche couplée physiologique et micro-mécanique de la génération des contraintes de maturation dans le bois de tension(2012)</contributor>
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