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<title lang=en>New insights on fractures deformation from tiltmeter data measured inside the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst system</title>
<creator>Lesparre, Nolwenn</creator>
<creator>Boudin, Frédérick</creator>
<creator>Champollion, Cedric</creator>
<creator>Chery, Jean</creator>
<creator>Danquigny, Charles</creator>
<creator>Seat, Han Cheng</creator>
<creator>Cattoen, Michel</creator>
<creator>Lizion, Françoise</creator>
<creator>Longuevergne, Laurent</creator>
<contributor>Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE) ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse (UAPV)</contributor>
<contributor>Équipe Optoélectronique pour les Systèmes Embarqués (LAAS-OSE) ; Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] (LAAS) ; Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] (INP) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) - Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] (INP) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) - Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Service Informatique : Développement, Exploitation et Assistance (LAAS-IDEA) ; Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] (LAAS) ; Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] (INP) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) - Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] (INP) - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) - Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<contributor>Géosciences Rennes (GR) ; Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 0956-540X</source>
<source>EISSN: 1365-246X</source>
<source>Geophysical Journal International</source>
<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
<identifier>insu-01408482</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482/document</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482/file/Lesparre-2017.pdf</identifier>
<source>https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01408482</source>
<source>Geophysical Journal International, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2017, 208 (3), pp.1389-1402. 〈10.1093/gji/ggw446〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1093/gji/ggw446</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/gji/ggw446</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>Geodetic instrumentation</subject>
<subject lang=en>Hydrogeophysics</subject>
<subject lang=en>Numerical modelling</subject>
<subject lang=en>Fracture and flow</subject>
<subject>[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology</subject>
<subject>[SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>Tilt fluctuations can potentially reflect the response of hydrosystems to important rainfall. In this context, long baseline tiltmeters have been installed in an underground tunnel penetrating the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst to study the medium deformation related to solicitations exerted by water infiltrating the hydrosystem. The instruments monitor the tilt as well as its spatial variation. Northward tilts reaching a 1 μrad amplitude are observed consecutively to rainfalls. The tilt amplitude is highly correlated with the Fontaine de Vaucluse outlet flow fluctuations. The measured tilt signal is also relatively homogeneous over a 150 m length. Different types of structure likely to produce such observations are tested in order to identify their location with respect to the tiltmeters, their dimension as well as the amount of water level variation in the structure. Following rainfalls, the infiltration of water modifies the pore pressure, inducing a medium deformation. The hypothesis of an homogeneous surface loading on the Vaucluse plateau is first refuted since the related tilt is much lower than the one measured. The water supplied by rainfalls has to accumulate in discontinuities in order to generate a higher tilt. So, the deformation related to a pressure exerted on a fracture filled by water is assessed. A first study reveals the interest of the tilt homogeneity information that constrains strongly the fracture properties. Thus, the fracture must be located at a distance more than a few hundreds metres from the tiltmeters in order to produce a tilt homogeneous in space. If the fracture is initially dry, it must also be filled on a height higher than 150 m consecutive to a rainfall in order to generate a tilt amplitude in the same magnitude as the one measured. Then, we explore the influence of water level variations on the tilt produced by a fracture located at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones, which are thereby permanently flooded. Since several parameters of that model satisfactorily explain the field observations, we discuss how simultaneous geodetical observations could provide complementary information that would further constrain the geometry of the structure at the origin of the medium deformation. </description>
<date>2017-03</date>
</dc>
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