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<datestamp>2013-12-03</datestamp>
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<publisher>HAL CCSD</publisher>
<title lang=en>Caterpillars and fungal pathogens: two co-occurring parasites of an ant-plant mutualism</title>
<creator>Roux, Olivier</creator>
<creator>Céréghino, Régis</creator>
<creator>Solano, Pascal J.</creator>
<creator>Dejean, Alain</creator>
<contributor>Berkekey Seismological Laboratory ; University of California, Berkeley</contributor>
<contributor>Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab) ; CNRS - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) - PRES Université de Toulouse</contributor>
<contributor>Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS)</contributor>
<contributor>Pascal Solano (FRANCE) ; Pascal Solano (FRANCE)</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>PLoS ONE</source>
<publisher>Public Library of Science</publisher>
<identifier>hal-00912399</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00912399</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00912399/document</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00912399</source>
<source>PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2011, vol. 6, pp. 1-8. <10.1371/journal.pone.0020538></source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0020538</identifier>
<identifier>OATAO : 10156</identifier>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>Plant-ants</subject>
<subject lang=en>Mutualistic ants</subject>
<subject lang=en>Caterpillars</subject>
<subject lang=en>Fungal pathogens</subject>
<subject>[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology</subject>
<subject>[SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology</subject>
<subject>[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems</subject>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>In mutualisms, each interacting species obtains resources from its partner that it would obtain less efficiently if alone, and so derives a net fitness benefit. In exchange for shelter (domatia) and food, mutualistic plant-ants protect their host myrmecophytes from herbivores, encroaching vines and fungal pathogens. Although selective filters enable myrmecophytes to host those ant species most favorable to their fitness, some insects can by-pass these filters, exploiting the rewards supplied whilst providing nothing in return. This is the case in French Guiana for Cecropia obtusa (Cecropiaceae) as Pseudocabima guianalis caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) can colonize saplings before the installation of their mutualistic Azteca ants. The caterpillars shelter in the domatia and feed on food bodies (FBs) whose production increases as a result. They delay colonization by ants by weaving a silk shield above the youngest trichilium, where the FBs are produced, blocking access to them. This probable temporal priority effect also allows female moths to lay new eggs on trees that already shelter caterpillars, and so to occupy the niche longer and exploit Cecropia resources before colonization by ants. However, once incipient ant colonies are able to develop, they prevent further colonization by the caterpillars. Although no higher herbivory rates were noted, these caterpillars are ineffective in protecting their host trees from a pathogenic fungus, Fusarium moniliforme (Deuteromycetes), that develops on the trichilium in the absence of mutualistic ants. Therefore, the Cecropia treelets can be parasitized by two often overlooked species: the caterpillars that shelter in the domatia and feed on FBs, delaying colonization by mutualistic ants, and the fungal pathogen that develops on old trichilia. The cost of greater FB production plus the presence of the pathogenic fungus likely affect tree growth.</description>
<date>2011-05</date>
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