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<datestamp>2018-01-11</datestamp>
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<title lang=en>Evidence of the late lignification of the G-layer in Simarouba tension wood, to assist understanding how non-G-layer species produce tensile stress</title>
<creator>Roussel, Jean-Romain</creator>
<creator>Clair, Bruno</creator>
<contributor>Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD) - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - AgroParisTech - Université de Guyane (UG) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 0829-318X</source>
<source>Tree Physiology</source>
<publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option B</publisher>
<identifier>hal-01229280</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229280</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229280/document</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229280/file/Roussel-Clair-2015-TreePhysiol-LateLignifGLayerSimarouba_preprintHAL.pdf</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01229280</source>
<source>Tree Physiology, Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option B, 2015, 〈10.1093/treephys/tpv082〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1093/treephys/tpv082</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/treephys/tpv082</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>G-layer</subject>
<subject lang=en>lignification</subject>
<subject lang=en>maturation stress generation</subject>
<subject lang=en>ontogeny</subject>
<subject lang=en>Simarouba amara Aubl</subject>
<subject lang=en>tension wood cell wall</subject>
<subject lang=en>tree biomechanics</subject>
<subject>[SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>To recover verticality after disturbance, angiosperm trees produce " tension wood " allowing them to bend actively. The driving force of the tension has been shown to take place in the G-layer, a specific unlignified layer of the cell wall observed in most temperate species. However, in tropical rain forests, the G-layer is often absent and the mechanism generating the forces to reorient trees remains unclear. A study was carried out on tilted seedlings, saplings and adult Simarouba amara trees – a species known to not produce a G-layer. Microscopic observations were done on sections of normal and tension wood after staining or observed under UV light to assess the presence/absence of lignin. We showed that S. amara produces a cell-wall layer with all of the characteristics typical of G-layers, but that this G-layer can be observed only as a temporary stage of the cell-wall development because it is masked by a late lignification. Being thin and lignified, tension wood fibres cannot be distinguished from normal wood fibres in the mature wood of adult trees. These observations indicate that the mechanism generating the high tensile stress in tension wood is likely to be the same as that in species with a typical G-layer and also in species where the G-layer cannot be observed in mature cells.</description>
<date>2015</date>
<contributor>ANR-12-BS09-0004, StressInTrees, Approche couplée physiologique et micro-mécanique de la génération des contraintes de maturation dans le bois de tension(2012)</contributor>
<contributor>ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025, CEBA, CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)</contributor>
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