Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : This summary tackles the development of fisheries in the Caribbean using fads. It highlights the principal causes which explain why, in spite of more than thirty years of experimenting, fishing on fads has not developed as much as had been hoped. Whereas the deep-sea production of pelagic fish by the continental countries of the region has considerably increased since the early eighties, that of the Lesser Antilles has grown more slowly. Anchored fads have given the boats of the small-scale fisheries from three islands (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Curacao) access to these pelagic resources. The various modes of development and management of the fads observed in each island are described. The first available data are used to provide some indications of the effects of the various strategies implemented and the changes induced by this new fishing technique.Original Abstract: Cette synthese concerne la region Atlantique Centre-Ouest (FAO 31) mais elle aborde principalement le developpement des DCP ancres de la zone Caraibe. Trois sites principaux font l'objet d'un developpement particulier ; il s'agit des iles pour lesquelles l'activite de peche professionnelle est actuellement effective autour des DCP : la Guadeloupe, la Martinique et Curacao. L'introduction de DCP dans l'Atlantique Centre-Ouest est signalee pour la premiere fois en 1969, a Panama City (Floride). Il s'agit alors de dispositifs cotiers. Les especes ciblees sont des petits poissons pelagiques. Au debut des annees quatre-vingt, l'implantation de DCP ancres autour des petits etats insulaires de la Caraibe pour la peche des grands poissons pelagiques est consideree comme une priorite par les scientifiques reunis lors du 36e congres du Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI). Beaucoup d'experiences DCP conduites dans la region ont permis de conclure a une bonne efficacite agregative quels que soient les choix technologiques operes (DCP lourds ou legers). Malgre cela, tres peu d'iles tirent actuellement benefice de l'avantage que procurent les DCP pour l'exploitation des ressources en grands pelagiques frequentant leurs eaux. Les problemes de transfert et les difficultes a passer de la phase experimentale a la phase operationnelle sont probablement a l'origine de ce paradoxe. Le developpement d'une reelle cooperation regionale sur le theme devrait permettre, aux petits etats insulaires notamment, de mieux profiter des migrations des grands poissons pelagiques dans leurs eaux.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15279/12665.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15279/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Rumpons, (fads) were widely deployed in Indonesia in the eighties. In the Halmahera area, rumpon increased cpue by 41% , landings of fish per ton of live bait increased by 24%, the consumption of diesel oil for tuna catches reduced by 46%, and profits increased from Rp 10 to 60 million by boat per year1. Tuna aggregation around rumpon increased catchability by more than 40% compared to free swimming tuna. The Halmahera skipjack fishery was assessed by combining catch and effort data from rumpon and pre-rumpon areas of the fishery, and showed that controlled effort could increase landings of approximately 15,000 t per year. Tagging data show that the Halmahera skipjack fishery is probably supported by a local unit stock. Philippine rumpons (payaos) were fished with small mesh purse seine and ring nets fishing small sized tunas 12-35 cm fl (40-50% of landings) and caused recruitment overfishing. Indonesian rumpons were fished with pole-and-line causing neither recruitment nor growth overfishing.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15320/12658.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15320/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The first fad's in the islands of the South West Indian Ocean were moored in the fifties. The area under study forms part of the Indian Ocean Commission which include Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Reunion and the island of Mayotte. After a few isolated trials that turned to be inconclusive, especially for lack of reliability of the devices moored, trials were pursued under the auspices of International Organizations. A new type of fad was successfully designed and implemented in Mauritius. This model was then applied in the Comoros in 1987, in la Reunion and Madagascar in 1988 and in Mayotte in 1989. The various programmes have had various results. In some cases such as la Reunion and Mauritius, they have played a key role in the development of the inshore fishery. In other cases they have been less significant. Finally in other cases although a significant impact on artisanal fishery, the experience was halted due to financial constraints. Beyond the history of the various programmes and the results obtained, the authors have attempted to underline the social and economic factors that have characterized the various trials in the different regional countries.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15285/12671.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15285/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The Mediterranean small-scale fleet is highly adaptive, showing a dynamic fishing intensity and strategy, and exploiting seasonal abundant resources. In this area, the aggregatory behaviour under floats of juvenile fish has been used since ancient times to exploit oceanic migratory species such as dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), using Fish Aggregating anchored Devices (fads). A total of 2 300 boats are engaged in this fishery from August to December, the main fishing areas being those around Malta, Tunisia, Sicily and Majorca. The fads ( arrow right m2) are made of different cheap floating materials, and are moored in fixed places, ranging from shore waters to areas 60 miles off the coast (1 500 m depth). Each boat deploys an average of 20 to 100 fads. The gears used are special surrounding nets without purse line, and traditional purse seine nets. The fishery exploits young-of-the-year dolphinfish (<6 months old), originated by a pre-spawning migration of adults from Atlantic waters. Their catches show high annual and monthly variability, depending on the recruitment and the accessibility of recruits to the fishery. Pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) and greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) are also exploited in this fishery as by-catch. A total of about 1 000 metric tons of dolphinfish are yearly caught mainly in September-October. The fads are historically laid in August. Recently, the fads fishing period has increased in Sicily, and the fads are laid in July, so as to catch pilotfish and greater amberjak juveniles. In recent years, the interest for this fishing method and the study of these fisheries has increased in the Mediterranean. Though the market and its seasonality limit this exploitation, this fishery is economically profitable with good revenue.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/12672.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : No abstract.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15322/12661.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15322/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In the Sicilian fisheries, the swordfish (Xiphias gladius, Linnaeus 1758), caught from March to December with several gears which vary according to season, represents one of the most important economic resources. The size composition changes depending on the gear used, the way it is operated, the fishing area and season. The gears used for swordfish fishing (long-lines "for swordfish", drift-nets, harpoons as operated by typical boats named "feluche") mainly catch adult specimens. From August to December, a high number of very young swordfish specimens (1.5 to 4.5 kg) is also caught as by-catch during the albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre 1788) fishing which is carried out by a special long line and hooks only 3 cm long. It was observed that in the same season, fishing areas and with boats of similar type, the fishing of dolphin-fish (Coryphaena hippurus, Linnaeus 1758), using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and purse seine, is hardly practised in spite of the resource availability swordfish. With the present work, which can be regarded as an initial approach to the problem of diversifying and managing fishing effort of swordfish, albacore and dolphin-fish, their fisheries are examined and discussed, not overlooking the economic aspect, by considering weather a reallocation of fishing effort among the previously said resources might avert the risk of swordfish stock depletion.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15299/12659.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15299/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since the early 1980's, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC, formerly the South Pacific Commission) has contributed to the development of FAD programmes for the artisanal fisheries sector in the Pacific region. In particular, it has put considerable efforts into developing technology that would assure a two-year average FAD lifespan, while maintaining costs under US$ 4,000 per FAD unit. From 1996 to 1998, this work led to the publication of three volumes of the SPC FAD Manual. Volume 2 of this manual, "Rigging Deep-Water FAD Moorings", describes in great detail two FAD models that were developed from the original 1983 SPC-recommended model, and gives precise instructions on the way to construct them. Despite SPC's work, the objectives set, in particular the two-year average lifespan for FADs, have not been consistently met, resulting in many FAD programmes in the region being suspended. An analysis of the reasons why this has occurred is presented, along with a short description of the practical research that could be pursued, using different objectives, to introduce new FAD programmes in the region.Original Abstract: Depuis le debut des annees quatre-vingt, le secretariat general de la communaute du Pacifique (SPC, anciennement commission du Pacifique Sud) a soutenu et accompagne le developpement de programmes DCP destines au secteur de la peche artisanale, dans la region Pacifique. Il s'est en particulier efforce de mettre au point des modeles de DCP repondant principalement aux deux criteres suivants: duree de vie superieure a deux ans et cout unitaire moyen inferieur a 4 000 dollars US. Entre 1996 et 1998, ces travaux ont abouti a la publication en trois volumes du manuel de la SPC sur les DCP. Le volume 2 de ce manuel, " La fabrication de DCP pour grandes profondeurs ", presente deux evolutions d'un modele concu en 1983 et en detaille tres precisement les methodes de fabrication. Le present document analyse les raisons pour lesquelles, malgre les efforts deployes, les objectifs fixes, et en particulier la duree de vie minimum de deux ans pour les DCP, n'ont pas ete pleinement atteints et la plupart des programmes DCP de la region ont ete interrompus. Il donne egalement une breve description des axes de recherche appliquee qui pourraient etre suivis, en se fixant d'autres objectifs, pour relancer des programmes DCP dans la region.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/12648.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/