Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0483i1
TLS17083-0483i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0413i1
TLS17083-0413i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0461i1
TLS17083-0461i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0501i1
TLS17083-0501i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0455i1
TLS17083-0455i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0477i1
TLS17083-0477i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0497i1
TLS17083-0497i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0491i1
TLS17083-0491i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0503i1
TLS17083-0503i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0457i1
TLS17083-0457i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0475i1
TLS17083-0475i1

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0453i1
TLS17083-0453i1

Résumé : 2009, Scott Zona -- CC: at-ncsa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image)
Cuba -- Guantanamo -- near Moa

Résumé : 2009, Scott Zona -- CC: at-ncsa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image)
Cuba -- Guantanamo -- near Moa

Résumé : 2009, Scott Zona -- CC: at-ncsa (Creative Commons license requiring attribution, prohibiting commercial uses, and requiring rights-share for use of this image)
Bermuda -- Paget -- Paget Marsh

Éditeur(s) : Apud Frid. Fleischer in comm
Extrait de : Flora brasiliensis. Volumen XII. Pars I (après index)
Résumé : Famille des Clusiaceae

Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/TLS17083-0487i1
TLS17083-0487i1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : We investigated the relationship between habitat association and physiological performance in four congeneric species pairs exhibiting contrasting distributions between seasonally flooded and terra firme habitats in lowland tropical rain forests of French Guiana, including Virola and Iryanthera (Myristicaceae), Symphonia (Clusiaceae), and Eperua (Caesalpiniaceae). We analyzed 10-year data sets of mapped and measured saplings (stems 150 cm in height and <10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) and trees (stems 10 cm dbh) across 37.5 ha of permanent plots covering a 300-ha zone, within which seasonally flooded areas (where the water table never descends below 1 m) have been mapped. Additionally, we tested the response of growth, survival, and leaf functional traits of these species to drought and flood stress in a controlled experiment. We tested for habitat preference using a modification of the torus translation method. Strong contrasting associations of the species pairs of Iryanthera, Virola, and Symphonia were observed at the sapling stage, and these associations strengthened for the tree stage. Neither species of Eperua was significantly associated with flooded habitats at the sapling stage, but E. falcata was significantly and positively associated with flooded forests at the tree stage, and trees of E. grandiflora were found almost exclusively in nonflooded habitats. Differential performance provided limited explanatory support for the observed habitat associations, with only congeners of Iryanthera exhibiting divergent sapling survival and tree growth. Seedlings of species associated with flooded forest tended to have higher photosynthetic capacity than their congeners at field capacity. In addition, they tended to have the largest reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth rate in response to experimental drought stress and the least reductions in response to experimental inundation. The corroboration of habitat association with differences in functional traits and, to a lesser extent, measures of performance provides an explanation for the regional coexistence of these species pairs. We suggest that specialization to seasonally flooded habitats may explain patterns of adaptive radiation in many tropical tree genera and thereby provide a substantial contribution to regional tree diversity.
ISSN: 0012-9658

hal-01031746
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031746

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aim of the study: A knowledge attitude and practice study centred on leishmaniasis and its treatment was performed among the Chayahuita, an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group living in an endemic area. This study documents traditional Chayahuita plant's use and disease concepts. Also, activty of some medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita is highlighted and discussed. Materials and methods: Ninety-three Chayahuita people were interviewed, following a semi-structured questionnaire focussed on disease knowledge and perception, personal attitude and healing practices. Simultaneously, a collection of plants was performed in different ecotopes, in order to make an extensive inventory of the pharmacopoeia. Results: For the Chayahuita, cutaneous (CL) and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are considered as diseases of their own, with specific names, aetiologies, mode of transmission. Regarding CL, Chayahuita people consider that the humid characteristic of the skin ulcer is a discriminative fact orienting the diagnostic forTa'ta' (leishmaniasis). Forty-six different species were designated useful against LC and /or MCL (29 species by means of the questionnaire and 27 species when collecting in different ecotopes). Thirty-seven extracts corresponding to 31 species used medicinally were screened in vitro against Leishmania amnzonensis axenic amastigotes, assessing their viability by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Six species displayed a good activity ( 10 μg/ml < IC50 < 20 μg/ml): an undetermined hemi-epiphytic Clusiaceae, Cyhianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), two Piper, Piper sanguineispicum Trel., and Piper loretoanum Trel. (Piperaceae), Desmodium axillare Sw. DC. (Fabaceae), and Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. (Asteraceae). Conclusion: Perception of leishmaniasis, attitude, treatments and diet prohibitions still largely reflects traditional Chayahuita cosmovision, even if some tentative of bio-medical re-interpretation is arising.
ISSN: 0378-8741

hal-01087667
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01087667
DOI : 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : [b]Background[/b][br/] [br/] The Amazonian rainforest is predicted to suffer from ongoing environmental changes. Despite the need to evaluate the impact of such changes on tree genetic diversity, we almost entirely lack genomic resources.[br/] [br/] [b]Results[/b][br/] [br/] In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of four tropical tree species (Carapa guianensis, Eperua falcata, Symphonia globulifera and Virola michelii) with contrasting ecological features, belonging to four widespread botanical families (respectively Meliaceae, Fabaceae, Clusiaceae and Myristicaceae). We sequenced cDNA libraries from three organs (leaves, stems, and roots) using 454 pyrosequencing. We have developed an R and bioperl-based bioinformatic procedure for de novo assembly, gene functional annotation and marker discovery. Mismatch identification takes into account single-base quality values as well as the likelihood of false variants as a function of contig depth and number of sequenced chromosomes. Between 17103 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 23390 (for Eperua falcata) contigs were assembled. Organs varied in the numbers of unigenes they apparently express, with higher number in roots. Patterns of gene expression were similar across species, with metabolism of aromatic compounds standing out as an overrepresented gene function. Transcripts corresponding to several gene functions were found to be over- or underrepresented in each organ. We identified between 4434 (for Symphonia globulifera) and 9076 (for Virola surinamensis) well-supported mismatches. The resulting overall mismatch density was comprised between 0.89 (S. globulifera) and 1.05 (V. surinamensis) mismatches/100 bp in variation-containing contigs.[br/] [br/] [b]Conclusion[/b][br/] [br/] The relative representation of gene functions in the four transcriptomes suggests that secondary metabolism may be particularly important in tropical trees. The differential representation of transcripts among tissues suggests differential gene expression, which opens the way to functional studies in these non-model, ecologically important species. We found substantial amounts of mismatches in the four species. These newly identified putative variants are a first step towards acquiring much needed genomic resources for tropical tree species.
ISSN: 1471-2164

hal-01032439
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032439
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032439/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032439/file/art_10-1186_1471-2164-15-238.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2164-15-238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : The analysis of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) within populations can provide insights into eco-evolutionary processes. Restricted dispersal and locally occurring genetic drift are the primary causes for FSGS at equilibrium, as described in the isolation by distance (IBD) model. Beyond IBD expectations, spatial, environmental or historical factors can affect FSGS. We examined FSGS in seven African and Neotropical populations of the late-successional rain forest tree Symphonia globulifera L. f. (Clusiaceae) to discriminate the influence of drift-dispersal vs. landscape/ecological features and historical processes on FSGS. We used spatial principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering to assess spatial genetic heterogeneity at SSRs and examined its association with plastid DNA and habitat features. African populations (from Cameroon and São Tomé) displayed a stronger FSGS than Neotropical populations at both marker types (mean Sp = 0.025 vs. Sp = 0.008 at SSRs) and had a stronger spatial genetic heterogeneity. All three African populations occurred in pronounced altitudinal gradients, possibly restricting animal-mediated seed dispersal. Cyto-nuclear disequilibria in Cameroonian populations also suggested a legacy of biogeographic history to explain these genetic patterns. Conversely, Neotropical populations exhibited a weaker FSGS, which may reflect more efficient wide-ranging seed dispersal by Neotropical bats and other dispersers. The population from French Guiana displayed an association of plastid haplotypes with two morphotypes characterized by differential habitat preferences. Our results highlight the importance of the microenvironment for eco-evolutionary processes within persistent tropical tree populations.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01608324
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01608324
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0182515
PRODINRA : 403154
PUBMED : 28771629