Résumé : This study has been carried out on behalf of the Technology Academy in the framework of a number of works aiming to characterize the impact of the evolution of production and transformation technologies on the sanitary, nutritional and organoleptic quality of the food. This work deals with the aquatic food products branch and focuses only on fished or cultivated animal products aimed for direct consumption, transformation or diverse industrial uses. It has been written under the direction of Luçay Han-Ching, head of the Ifremer Nantes, with the help of a writing committee which contributed to its writing, proofreading and coordination, and of a group of experts who got involved in the writing.
Objet du travail, modalités d'organisation, auteurs : L'étude présentée a été réalisée à la demande de l'Académie des Technologies dans le cadre des travaux engagés pour caractériser l'impact de l'évolution des technologies de production et de transformation sur la qualité sanitaire, nutritionnelle et organoleptique des aliments. Ce travail concerne les filières des produits alimentaires d'origine aquatique. Il se concentre uniquement sur les produits animaux de pêche et d'aquaculture destinés à la consommation directe, à la transformation ou à des utilisations industrielles diverses. Il a été élaboré sous la responsabilité de Luçay HAN-CHING, Directeur du Centre IFREMER de Nantes, avec l'appui : - d'un comité de rédaction qui a largement contribué à sa rédaction, relecture et coordination, et d'un groupe d'experts, qui ont été mobilisés pour la rédaction.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/rapport-6477.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6477/

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Transposable elements are major constituents of eukaryote genomes and have a great impact on genome structure and stability. They can contribute to the genetic diversity and evolution of organisms. Knowledge of their distribution among several genomes is an essential condition to study their dynamics and to better understand their role in species evolution. LTR-retrotransposons have been reported in many diverse eukaryote species, describing a ubiquitous distribution. Given their abundance, diversity and their extended ranges in C-values, environment and life styles, crustaceans are a great taxon to investigate the genomic component of adaptation and its possible relationships with TEs. However, crustaceans have been greatly underrepresented in transposable element studies. Using both degenerate PCR and in silico approaches, we have identified 35 Copia and 46 Gypsy families in 15 and 18 crustacean species, respectively. In particular, we characterized several full-length elements from the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata that is listed as a model organism from hydrothermal vents. Phylogenic analyses show that Copia and Gypsy retrotransposons likely present two opposite dynamics within crustaceans. The Gypsy elements appear relatively frequent and diverse whereas Copia are much more homogeneous, as 29 of them belong to the single GalEa clade, and species-or lineage-dependent. Our results also support the hypothesis of the Copia retrotransposon scarcity in metazoans compared to Gypsy elements. In such a context, the GalEa-like elements present an outstanding wide distribution among eukaryotes, from fishes to red algae, and can be even highly predominant within a large taxon, such as Malacostraca. Their distribution among crustaceans suggests a dynamics that follows a "domino days spreading'' branching process in which successive amplifications may interact positively.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2013-03 , Vol. 8 , N. 3 , P. e57675

Droits : This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00185/29656/28030.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0057675
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00185/29656/