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<title lang=en>Epigenetic memories: structural marks or active circuits?</title>
<creator>Nicol-Benoît, Floriane</creator>
<creator>Le-Goff, Pascale</creator>
<creator>Le-Dréan, Yves</creator>
<creator>Demay, Florence</creator>
<creator>Pakdel, Farzad</creator>
<creator>Flouriot, Gilles</creator>
<creator>Michel, Denis</creator>
<contributor>Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail [Rennes] (Irset) ; Université d'Angers (UA) - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Université de Rennes 1 (UR1) - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP) - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )</contributor>
<description>International audience</description>
<source>ISSN: 1420-682X</source>
<source>EISSN: 1420-9071</source>
<source>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</source>
<publisher>Springer Verlag</publisher>
<identifier>hal-01063617</identifier>
<identifier>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063617</identifier>
<source>https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063617</source>
<source>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Springer Verlag, 2012, 69 (13), pp.2189--2203. 〈10.1007/s00018-012-0923-7〉</source>
<identifier>DOI : 10.1007/s00018-012-0923-7</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00018-012-0923-7</relation>
<identifier>PUBMED : 22331281</identifier>
<relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/22331281</relation>
<language>en</language>
<subject lang=en>Biological Evolution</subject>
<subject lang=en>Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly</subject>
<subject lang=en>Cybernetics</subject>
<subject lang=en>Epigenesis</subject>
<subject lang=en>Genetic</subject>
<subject lang=en>Gene Expression Regulation</subject>
<subject lang=en>Gene Regulatory Networks</subject>
<subject lang=en>Models</subject>
<subject>[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]</subject>
<type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</type>
<type>Journal articles</type>
<description lang=en>A hallmark of living systems is the management and the storage of information through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although the notion of epigenetics was originally given to any regulation beyond DNA sequence, it has often been restricted to chromatin modifications, supposed to behave as cis-markers, specifying the sets of genes to be expressed or repressed. This definition does not take into account the initial view of epigenetics, based on nonlinear interaction networks whose "attractors" can remain stable without need for any chromatin mark. In addition, most chromatin modifications are the steady state resultants of highly dynamic modification and de-modification activities and, as such, seem poorly appropriate to work as long-term memory keepers. Instead, the basic support of epigenetic memory could remain the attractors, to which chromatin modifications belong as do many other components. The influence of chromatin modifications in memory is highly questionable when envisioned as static structural marks, but can be recovered under the dynamic circuitry perspective, thanks to their self-templating properties. Beside their standard repressive or permissive functions, chromatin modifications can also influence transcription in multiple ways such as: (1) by randomizing or inversely stabilizing gene expression, (2) by mediating cooperativity between pioneer and secondary transcription factors, and (3) in the hysteresis and the ultrasensitivity of gene expression switches, allowing the cells to take unambiguous transcriptional decisions.</description>
<date>2012</date>
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