Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Coral reef resource systems are complex adaptive social-ecological systems providing vital and valuableecosystem services for human societies such as food provision, coastal protection and recreational activities.Their sustainability is questioned in many places around the world as they experience combined effects ofmultiple chronic anthropogenic and natural drivers at local to global scales. From a management perspective,there is a crucial need to understand how the impact of these drivers cascade through the social-ecologicalsystem components. This study develops a transdisciplinary and participatory approach to investigating thesocial-ecological dynamics of a Polynesian coral reef coastal system. A preliminary conceptual model using theDriver-Pressure-State-Impact (DPSI) framework is first being built through participatory modeling workshops.Then, pressure-state relationships are assessed with the help of empirical datasets as a first step towards thevalidation of the DPSI model. Results shows striking social-ecological interactions with different patterns in thelagoon and in the fore reef. Local management should be: (1) less resource-focused to account more specificallyto the existing typology of actors; (2) more spatially-explicit to better distinguish management objectives andactions for the lagoon and the fore reef sub-systems; and (3) more coordinated with terrestrial agencies for acoherent land-sea connection and integration that would both (i) account for existing land-sea interactions and(ii) better reflect the Polynesian cultural heritage that considers nature from ridge to reef as a whole. Suchconceptual models of social-ecological systems are a useful tool to build exploratory scenarios to ultimatelysupport planning decision-making processes.
ISSN: 0308-597X

hal-01491968
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01491968
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.01.014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Résumé : International audience
Genetic approaches have shown that several genes could modify caries susceptibility; AmelogeninX (AMELX) has been repeatedly designated. Here, we hypothesized that AMELX mutations resulting in discrete changes of enamel microstructure may be found in children with a severe caries phenotype. In parallel, possible AMELX mutations that could explain resistance to caries may be found in caries-free patients. In this study, coding exons of AMELX and exon-intron boundaries were sequenced in 399 individuals with extensive caries (250) or caries-free (149) individuals from nine French hospital groups. No mutation responsible for a direct change of amelogenin function was identified. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found, 3 presenting a high allele frequency, and 1 being detected for the first time. Three SNPs were located in coding regions, 2 of them being non-synonymous. Both evolutionary and statistical analyses showed that none of these SNPs was associated with caries susceptibility, suggesting that AMELX is not a gene candidate in our studied population.
ISSN: 0022-0345

hal-01545481
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545481
DOI : 10.1177/0022034513482941