Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: System Stability

Varietal dynamics in Yam producers from Guadeloupe and impact of anthracnose disease ; Dynamiique variétale chez les producteurs d'igname de Guadeloupe et impactde la maladie d'anthracnose.
Auteur(s) : Penet, Laurent
Année de publication :

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Éditeur(s) : INRA : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS
Description : Loss of agrodiversity mediated by varietal legacy is an important concern, translating as crop species being at risk for genetic erosion, while loss of genetic resources may deplete material available for future breeding strategies. We explored varietal dynamics in the Guadeloupean agricultural yam system. Interviewing farmers about the varieties cultivated in the past compared to their current varieties demonstrated that no dramatic loss of varieties occurred in the two to three latest decades, and changes in variety frequency mostly affected former widespread varieties while frequency of uncommon varieties demonstrated some stability in cultivation frequency. Varietal dynamics nevertheless reflected strong sub-regional trends, and socio-economic impacts such as age of producers or in farm crop diversity. Recurrent epidemics of anthracnose since its historical start in the 70s did not change varietal turnover too strongly, but resulted into transition from Dioscorea alata to less susceptible species or into a decrease of yam cultivation especially for farmers with financial dissatisfaction. La perte d'agrodiversité négociée par le legs variétal est un souci important, traduisant comme espèces de culture étant en danger pour l'érosion génétique, alors que la disparition des ressources génétiques peut épuiser le matériel disponible pour de futures stratégies d'élevage. Nous avons exploré la dynamique variétale dans le système agricole d'igname en Guadeloupe. Les agriculteurs enquêtés au sujet des variétés cultivées dans le passé comparé à leurs variétés actuelles ont démontré qu'aucune perte dramatique de variétés ne s'est produite pendant les deux à trois dernières décennies, et les changements de la fréquence de variété ont en grande partie affecté d'anciennes variétés répandues tandis que la fréquence des variétés rares démontrait une certaine stabilité dans la fréquence de culture. La dynamique variétale a néanmoins reflété des tendances sous-régionales fortes, et les impacts socio-économiques tels que l'âge des producteurs ou dans la ferme cultivent la diversité. Épidémies récurrentes d'anthracnose puisque son début historique pendant les années 70 n'a pas changé le chiffre d'affaires variétal trop fortement, mais résulté dans la transition de dioscorea alata aux espèces moins susceptibles ou dans une diminution de culture d'igname particulièrement pour des agriculteurs avec mécontentement financier.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16259
V16259

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Projet DEVAG : Questions et débats 05 ; Projet DEVAG : Questions et débats 05
Année de publication :

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Small farming systems in Las Cuevas watershed, Dominican Republic
Auteur(s) : Alvarez, Jose, 1940- Hildebrand, Peter E Nova, Josâe Antonio, 1947-

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The situation in Haiti and U.S. policy
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on Foreign Affairs. -- Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on Foreign Affairs. -- Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs

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Copy of resignation letter from John F. Stevens to President Theodore Roosevelt
Auteur(s) : Stevens, John F. (John Frank), 1853-1943 ( Author, Primary )

Résumé : (Biographical) From Wikipedia: John Frank Stevens (25 April 1853 – 2 June 1943) was an American engineer who built the Great Northern Railway in the United States and was chief engineer on the Panama Canal between 1905 and 1907. Biography: Stevens was born in rural Maine, near West Gardiner to John Stevens, a tanner and farmer, and Harriet Leslie French. He attended Maine State Normal School (now the University of Maine at Farmington) for two years. At the conclusion of his schooling in 1873, bleak economic conditions held little promise of a job, and he chose to go west. Entry into the field of civil engineering evolved from his experience in the Minneapolis city engineer's office. For two years he carried out a variety of engineering tasks, including surveying and building railroads, and at the same time gained experience and an understanding of the subject. He became a practical engineer, self-taught and driven by a self-described "bull-dog tenacity of purpose." In 1878 Stevens married Harriet T. O'Brien. They had five children, two of whom died in infancy. By the age of 33, in 1886, Stevens was principal assistant engineer for the Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, and in charge of building the line from Duluth, Minnesota to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Although a large part of his work involved surveying, he assisted in all phases of railroading: reconnaissance, locating, organizing, and construction. In 1889, Stevens was hired by James J. Hill as a locating engineer for the Great Northern Railway. Stevens earned wide acclaim in 1889 when he explored Marias Pass, Montana, and determined its practicability for a railroad. Stevens was an efficient administrator with remarkable technical skills and imagination. He discovered Stevens Pass through the Cascade Mountains, set railroad construction standards in the Mesabi Range of northern Minnesota, and supervised construction of the Oregon Trunk Line. Hill promoted him to chief engineer in 1895, and later to general manager. During his time at the Great Northern, Stevens built over a thousand miles of railroad, including the original Cascade Tunnel. Stevens Pass in the Cascade Range was named for him. (Most other Pacific Northwest landmarks with the word "Stevens" are named after Isaac Stevens, who is of no relation.) Panama Canal: Stevens left the Great Northern in 1903 for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, where he was promoted to vice-president. Then, in 1905, at Hill's recommendation, he was hired by Theodore Roosevelt as chief engineer on the Panama Canal. Stevens' primary achievement in Panama was to build the infrastructure needed for the completion of the canal. "The digging," he said, "is the least thing of all." He proceeded immediately to build warehouses, machine shops, and piers. Communities for the personnel were planned and built to include housing, schools, hospitals, churches, and hotels. He authorized extensive sanitation and mosquito-control programs that eliminated yellow fever and other diseases from the Isthmus. Reflecting his background, he saw the early stage of the canal project itself as primarily a problem in railroad engineering, which included rebuilding the Panama Railway and devising a rail-based system for disposing of the soil from the excavations. Stevens argued the case against a sea level canal like the French had tried to build. He successfully convinced Theodore Roosevelt of the necessity of a high-level canal built with dams and locks. Resignation: Stevens resigned suddenly from the Canal project in 1907 to Roosevelt's great annoyance, as the focus of the work turned to construction of the canal itself. As a railroad engineer, Stevens had little expertise in building locks and dams, and probably realized he was no longer the best person for the remainder of the job. Stevens would also have been aware that the original great Cascade Tunnel, for which he was responsible, was in hindsight built in error too close to the ruling grade and was perhaps turning from a credit to a debit. The true reasons for his resignation have never been known. Subsequent career: Following the collapse of Imperial Russia in 1917, leaders of the provisional government appealed to President Wilson for help with their transportation systems. Stevens was selected to chair a board of prominent U.S. railroad experts sent to Russia to rationalize and manage a system that was in disarray; among his work was on the Trans-Siberian Railway. After the overthrow of the provisional government, the board's work ceased. Stevens remained in Allied-occupied Manchuria and in 1919 headed the Inter-Allied Technical Board charged with the administration and operation of the Chinese Eastern and Siberian railways. He remained in an advisory capacity until occupying Allied troops were withdrawn; he finally left in 1923. After his return to the United States Stevens continued to work as a consulting engineer, ending his career in Baltimore in the early 1930s. He was awarded the Franklin Institute's Franklin Medal in 1930. He then retired to Southern Pines, North Carolina, where he died at the age of 90 in 1943.
Digital version only, no paper copy in collection archives.

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http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029596/00001

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Drainage plaine de Léogane, Système rivière la rouillonne. Emissaire en construction en aval du pont colonial.
Auteur(s) : Direction Générale des travaux publics

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An additional report consistent with the War Powers Resolution
Auteur(s) : United States -- President (2001-2009 : Bush) Bush, George W ( George Walker ), 1946- United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on International Relations

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Update on the situation in Haiti
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on Foreign Affairs. -- Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs

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Legislative and municipal elections in Haiti
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- Senate. -- Committee on Foreign Relations. -- Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs

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A report consistent with the War Powers Resolution
Auteur(s) : United States -- President (2001-2009 : Bush) Bush, George W ( George Walker ), 1946- United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on International Relations

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U.S. policy toward Haiti ; US policy toward Haiti
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- Senate. -- Committee on Foreign Relations. -- Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Peace Corps Affairs

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A Chart of the Coasts of Peru, Quito, Popayan and the Isthmus of Darien
Auteur(s) : Moll, Herman, 1732

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Biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua ; Interesting narrative : biography of Mahommah G. Baquaqua ; North American slave narratives
Auteur(s) : Baquaqua, Mahommah Gardo Moore, Samuel, active 1854 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -- Documenting the American South (Project) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill -- Library

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The wire ; Wire (Guantánamo Bay, Cuba)
Auteur(s) : United States -- Joint Task Force Guanta´namo United States -- Joint Task Force Guantánamo

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Data Archives by the Center for Migration and Development at Princeton ; Data Archives by the Center for Migration and Development
Auteur(s) : Center for Migration and Development, Princeton University

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Roundtable on Haiti--October 1993 ; Roundtable on Haiti, October 1993
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on Foreign Affairs

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U.S. policy toward Haiti ; US policy toward Haiti
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on Foreign Affairs

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Various bills and resolutions
Auteur(s) : United States -- Congress. -- House. -- Committee on International Relations

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L'usage de la graphie créole à Trinidad-et-Tobago
Auteur(s) : Ferreira, Jo-Anne
Année de publication :

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Éditeur(s) : CRILLASH : Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines
Extrait de : "Tracées de Jean Bernabé" : colloque international, du 25 au 27 octobre 2017. Université des Antilles
Description : L'île de Trinidad, créolophone depuis du 18ème siècle et lieu d'apparition de la première grammaire du créole français antillais, a commencé à perdre sa place dans la créolophonie au début du 20ème siècle. Jusqu'au milieu du 19ème siècle pourtant, le créole français était la langue maternelle de la grande majorité des Trinidadiens et était aussi devenu la lingua franca d'une population de plus en plus multilingue. Depuis la publication de John Jacob Thomas (1869), la représentation orthographique de la langue créole a été - et est toujours - soumise à la connaissance du français et de l'étymologie française, aux interférences de la phonologie anglaise et créole anglaise (à celles de l'orthographe de l'anglais) et aux préférences individuelles. En 1990, près de deux décennies après l'introduction de la norme GEREC-1 de Bernabé, Carrington (un Trinidadien travaillant sur le st-lucien) et ses collègues de l'Université des West Indes, utilisent le système d'orthographe GEREC pour un cours basé sur le st-lucien, en utilisant des matériaux conçus par Carrington et Valdman et enseignés par des Martiniquais venus lors d'un échange avec l'UAG. Les étudiants de ce cours apprennent le GEREC-1 (le GEREC-2 n'est pas encore pratiqué) et l'utilisent dans leurs publications, présentations et dans les médias sociaux. Cependant, ces étudiants représentent bien moins de 1% de la population du pays. La connaissance de ce système graphique n'a donc pas pénétré la conscience de la grande majorité de la société trinidadienne, de sorte que les chercheurs qui ne sont pas linguistes, de même que les praticiens de la culture, les journalistes et la société environnante, se tournent vers le français central / le parisien standard du 21ème siècle, dans une approche étymologique donc, pour écrire le créole.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V17234
V17234

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Boat anchored near Carter’s Cay, Abaco, Bahamas ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas
Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer )

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