Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The CoPanFlu-France cohort of households was set up in 2009 to study the risk factors for infection by the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm) in the French general population. The authors developed an integrative data-driven approach to identify individual, collective and environmental factors associated with the post-seasonal serological H1N1pdm geometric mean titer, and derived a nested case-control analysis to identify risk factors for infection during the first season. This analysis included 1377 subjects (601 households). The GMT for the general population was 47.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1, 49.2). According to a multivariable analysis, pandemic vaccination, seasonal vaccination in 2009, recent history of influenza-like illness, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, social contacts at school and use of public transports by the local population were associated with a higher GMT, whereas history of smoking was associated with a lower GMT. Additionally, young age at inclusion and risk perception of exposure to the virus at work were identified as possible risk factors, whereas presence of an air humidifier in the living room was a possible protective factor. These findings will be interpreted in light of the longitudinal analyses of this ongoing cohort.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/
hal-01122215
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122215/file/journal.pone.0060127.pdf
PUBMED : 23613718

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société géologique de France
Résumé : New-Caledonia island consists of an ultramafic nappe thrusted over a continental and arc-derived basement as the result of the closure of a back-arc basin during the upper Eocene. The morphology of New-Caledonia is mostly characterized by its elongated shape and rectilinear coastline. Indeed, the western and eastern edges of the island are delineated by N140 trending normal faults that are well imaged on seismic lines. Major tectonic lineaments onland, including the scarps corresponding to the main boundary of the ultramafic nappe, also trend N140 suggesting a morphotectonic control by faults having similar kinematics (longitudinal flexure-fault of previous authors). We provide detailed observations from some of these scarps demonstrating indeed that these are not erosional features in origin. We explore the possibility that such surfaces do represent major tectonic limits that accommodated extension and significant tectonic thinning of both the peridotite nappe and its basement. Remnants of a complex extensional fault zone, 200 m wide, are still preserved along the western scarp of the Mont Dore mountain, close to Noumea city. The deformed zone is composed of an early shallow dipping detachment fault, some decimeters thick, offset by a group of late high angle normal faults and is bounded by cataclastic breccias that progressively pass into the fractured host peridotite. The late high angle fault zones have been the site of important syn-tectonic fluid circulation and are underlined by cm-thick silica infills bearing vertical striae. Typical morphology of the main scarps with break of slope is related to the combination of high angle normal faults and low angle detachment. Similar shallow dipping detachment surfaces have been observed along the east coast of southern New-Caledonia as well as within the ultramafic nappe itself and its basement. This study confirms that N140 oriented, large fault zones, with pure-normal to transtensional component of displacement, controlled the morphotectonic evolution of New-Caledonia at the regional scale, after the obduction of ophiolite nappe at the end of the Eocene. Such a fact has to be taken into account when attempting to reconstruct the post-obduction evolution of the island and more particularly when considering the development and distribution of the Ni-rich lateritic surfaces.
EISSN: 1777-5817

hal-00411855
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411855
DOI : 10.2113/gssgfbull.179.3.315

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union
Résumé : International audience
We present the results of a paleomagnetic study of seven new volcanic sections (146 flows) from Kerguelen Archipelago. For two of these sections, preliminary (;40;Ar/;39;Ar) ages are reported to aid in the calibration of the paleomagnetic results. The primary contribution of this report, however, is a compilation of these new data with those already published in order to describe statistically the characteristics of the paleomagnetic field as recorded by the Kerguelen flood basalts. In total, 258 paleomagnetic directions sampled at 13 stratigraphic sections through the lava pile are available and span an approximately 5 Ma window: from 25 to 30 Ma. The composite section represents at least 11 polarity zones that are correlated to the reference geomagnetic polarity timescale. Our approach is to investigate the average normal and reversed polarity field directions over this 5 Ma window. We calculated a paleomagnetic pole found to be located at ;λ; = 85.5°N, = 189.3°E (A;95; = 2.3°, K = 16.5, N = 233). This pole is in close agreement with the coeval paleomagnetic poles obtained from different worldwide places when analyzed in the Indo-Atlantic hot spot reference frame. In the statistical analysis we tackle the specific question: Is the secular variation isotropic? This question is directly related to the occurrence of a longitudinal confinement of the virtual geomagnetic poles, which is still a matter of debate among paleomagnetists. By means of statistical tests we show that the paleomagnetic data from Kerguelen agree with an isotropic model for paleosecular variation. Finally, we present adjustments to Camps and Prévot's (1996) statistical model, developed for some Northern Hemisphere latitudes, to the Southern Hemisphere paleomagnetic data from Kerguelen.
ISSN: 0148-0227

hal-00407636
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407636
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407636/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407636/file/pcamps-JGR2007.pdf
DOI : 10.1029/2006JB004648

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To assess sperm production and aneuploidy in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) before and after treatments. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, longitudinal study of lymphoma patients analyzed before treatment and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. SETTING: University hospitals. PATIENT(S): Forty-five HL and 13 NHL patients were investigated before and after treatment. Treatment regimens were classified in two groups: ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) with or without (+/-) radiotherapy, and CHOP (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone)/MOPP-ABV (mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone-doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine). A control group of 29 healthy men was also studied. INTERVENTION(S): Semen analyses and aneuploidy study by FISH were performed at each time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Comparison of mean sperm characteristics and percentage of sperm aneuploidy rates before and after treatment. RESULT(S): Before treatment, HL and NHL men had altered semen characteristics and higher sperm aneuploidy rates (median 0.76 [interquartile range 0.56-0.64]) than the control group (0.54 [0.46-0.74]). After treatment, sperm production was significantly lowered 3 and 6 months after ABVD +/- radiotherapy or CHOP/MOPP-ABV. After ABVD +/- radiotherapy, the aneuploidy rate increased significantly only at 3 months, and values obtained 1 or 2 years later were lower than pretreatment values. In contrast, in the CHOP/MOPP-ABV treatment group, semen characteristics and aneuploidy rate did not return to normal levels until 2 years after treatment. CONCLUSION(S): Lymphoma itself has consequences on sperm aneuploidy frequency before treatment. Moreover, lymphoma treatments have deleterious effects on sperm chromosomes related to treatment type and time since treatment. Patient counseling is essential concerning the transient but significant sperm aneuploidy induced by lymphoma and its treatments.
Fertility and sterility

hal-01477204
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01477204
DOI : 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.10.001
PUBMED : 27810161

Éditeur(s) : Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd
Résumé : The high heterogeneity of silica cycling in coastal margins and the lack of silica data (compared to nitrogen and phosphorus) prevent the estimation of global silica retention in estuaries. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of porewater silicic acid (Si(OH)4) profiles e that integrate benthic transport and reaction processes e was investigated at different spatial (metre, longitudinal and crosssection, intra-estuary) and temporal (tidal, seasonal) scales in two macrotidal estuaries, very close geographically but essentially differing in their shape. Studying the spatial and temporal variability of Si(OH)4 concentrations in porewaters provided evidence for the importance of transport processes, e.g. bio-irrigation, tidal pumping, resuspension and any combination of these processes, in affecting Si(OH)4 concentrations and fluxes and therefore temporary or permanent retention along the landeocean continuum. We confirm that aSiO2 (amorphous silicate) transported by rivers and estuaries clearly needs to be better characterized as it provides an important source of reactive aSiO2 to sediments. This study allows us to: (1) interrogate spatial and temporal scales, although both are most often in complete interaction; (2) design the most appropriate sampling schemes to be representative of any given system and to extrapolate at the scale of the whole estuary; (3) quantify uncertainty associated to the estimations of Si(OH)4 stocks and fluxes in this type of ecosystem, essential for budget calculations. We showed that two adjacent small macrotidal estuaries, may exhibit different behaviours regarding Si retention. Temporary retention has been observed in the meanders of the Aulne Estuary and not along the more linear Elorn Estuary, demonstrating the importance of the morphology and hydrodynamic components of the estuarine filter. Research is needed in other systems and climatic zones, but our study suggests that the typology should not only account for the different types of landeocean continuum (fjord, delta, mangrove.), but also incorporate the physical or biological attributes of the estuarine filter.
Estuarine Coastal And Shelf Science (0272-7714) (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd), 2013-03 , Vol. 119 , P. 31-43

Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00124/23529/22370.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.008
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00124/23529/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Anopheles darlingi, one of the main malaria vectors in the Neotropics, is widely distributed in French Guiana, where malaria remains a major public-health problem. Elucidation of the relationships between the population dynamics of An. darlingi and local environmental factors would appear to be an essential factor in the epidemiology of human malaria in French Guiana and the design of effective vector-control strategies. In a recent investigation, longitudinal entomological surveys were carried out for 2-4 years in one village in each of three distinct endemic areas of French Guiana. Anopheles darlingi was always the anopheline mosquito that was most frequently caught on human bait, although its relative abundance (as a proportion of all the anophelines collected) and human biting rate (in bites/person-year) differed with the study site. Seasonality in the abundance of human-landing An. darlingi (with peaks at the end of the rainy season) was observed in only two of the three study sites. Just three An. darlingi were found positive for Plasmodium (either P. falciparum or P. vivax) circumsporozoite protein, giving entomological inoculation rates of 0*0-8*7 infectious bites/person-year. Curiously, no infected An. darlingi were collected in the village with the highest incidence of human malaria. Relationships between malaria incidence, An. darlingi densities, rainfall and water levels in the nearest rivers were found to be variable and apparently dependent on land-cover specificities that reflected the diversity and availability of habitats suitable for the development and reproduction of An. darlingi.
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology / Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

pasteur-00583507
https://hal-riip.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00583507
DOI : 10.1179/136485911X12899838683322
PUBMED : 21396247