Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Intech
Résumé : International audience
The socio-economic status (SES) of populations has an influence on the incidence or mortality rates of numerous health outcomes, among which respiratory diseases (Prescott et al., 2003; Ellison-Loschmann et al., 2007). Considering asthma, the possible contribution of SES to overall prevalence –regardless of asthma severity-, remains controversial in industrialized countries. Several studies indicate that allergic asthma is more prevalent in more well-off populations whereas the non-allergic forms of asthma are more common in the deprived ones (Cesaroni et al., 2003; Blanc et al., 2006). On the other hand, severe asthma whatever its etiology appears to be more frequent in the latter populations, as compared to the more affluent (Basagana et al., 2004). Risk factors for exacerbations (e.g., passive smoking (Wright Subramanian, 2007), psychosocial stress (Gold & Wright, 2005), cockroach allergens (Kitch et al., 2000), and suboptimal compliance with anti-inflammatory medication (Gottlieb et al., 1995)) are generally more common among people with asthma and low SES than their better-off counterparts. These observations support the hypothesis that some factors more present in deprived populations contribute to asthma exacerbation (Mielck et al., 1996).
Air Pollution

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/
ISBN : 978-953-307-143-5
hal-01118620
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118620
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118620/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118620/file/Ambient%20aire-%20chapter.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Society for Microbiology
Résumé : International audience
Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients (ICPs). The definite diagnosis relies on parasite DNA detection, but the incidence and burden of disease are ill-known in HIV-negative patients. A three-year retrospective study was conducted in 15 reference laboratories from the network of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis, to record the frequency of Toxoplasma DNA detection in ICPs, to review the molecular methods used for diagnosis and the prevention measures implemented in transplant patients. During the study period, out of 31,640 PCR performed in ICPs, 610 were positive (323 patients). Blood (n=337), cerebrospinal fluid (n=101) and aqueous humor (n=100) samples were more frequently positive. Chemoprophylaxis schemes in transplant patients differed between centers. PCR follow-up of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (allo-HSCT) patients was implemented in 8/15 centers. Data from 180 patients (13 centers) were further analyzed regarding clinical setting and outcome. Only 68/180 (38%) patients were HIV+; the remaining 62% consisted in 72 HSCT, 14 solid-organ transplants, and 26 miscellaneous immunodeficiencies. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and disseminated toxoplasmosis were most frequently observed in HIV and transplant patients, respectively. Of 72 allo-HSCT patients with a positive PCR, 23 were asymptomatic; all were diagnosed in centers performing systematic blood PCR follow-up, and received specific treatment. Overall survival of allo-HSCT patients at two months was better in centers with PCR follow-up than in other centers (p<0.01). This study provides updated data on the frequency of toxoplasmosis in HIV-negative ICPs and suggests that regular PCR follow-up of allo-HSCT patients could guide pre-emptive treatment and improve outcome.
ISSN: 0095-1137

hal-01134189
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134189
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.03282-14
PUBMED : 25762774

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Aim : To assess gaps in the representation of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity among coastal fishes in Mediterranean marine-protected areas (MPAs).
ISSN: 1366-9516

hal-01135644
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135644
DOI : 10.1111/ddi.12280

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : 16 p.
National audience
The objective of this paper is to present an approach for experimenting territorial prospective analysis based on spatial modelling. This approach is carried out in the framework of the DESCARTES project which aims at developing a spatial simulation tool to support the design and analysis of different scenarios for land-use allocation in Reunion Island in terms of environmental services. The spatial modelling tool is composed of two complementary applications: (i) the Ocelet modelling language and its land dynamics simulation environment, and (ii) the Margouill@ platform. The first demonstrator, a model of farm land consumption by urbanization, was developed and presented during workshops in order to test the role of the spatial simulation tool in support of a collaborative innovation process among stakeholders, and to foster new research on social learning, spatial simulation of environmental services, and scale change issues.
L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une démarche de construction d'un exercice de prospective territoriale basé sur un outil de modélisation spatiale. Cette démarche est mise en œuvre dans le cadre du projet ANR DESCARTES dont l'objectif est de construire un outil de simulation cartographique pour analyser différents scénarios d'affectation de l'usage des sols à l'Ile de La Réunion, en termes de services environnementaux. La plateforme de simulation cartographique est composée de deux applications complémentaires (i) le langage de modélisation Ocelet et son environnement de simulation de paysages dynamiques, et (ii) la plateforme Margouill@. Le développement puis la présentation, en atelier, d'un premier démonstrateur sur la consommation des terres agricoles par l'urbanisation a permis de tester l'outil cartographique comme support d'un processus d'innovation collective entre les parties prenantes, et d'ouvrir de nouveaux champs de recherche sur l'analyse de la démarche par les apprentissages, la spatialisation et la simulation prospective des services écosystémiques, et la prise en compte du changement d'échelle.
Acte de la Conférence Internationale de Géomatique et d'Analyse Spatiale
Brest, France

cirad-00850243
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243/document
http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-00850243/file/SAGEO-Brest2013-version_finale.pdf