Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Whereas it is well established that prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can disrupt children's behavior, early postnatal exposure has received relatively little attention in environmental epidemiology. To evaluate prenatal and postnatal exposures to PCB-153, a proxy of total PCB exposure, and their relation to inattention and activity in 5-year-old Inuits from the Cord Blood Monitoring Program. Prenatal exposure to PCBs was informed by cord plasma PCB-153 levels. We used a validated pharmacokinetic model to estimate monthly infants' levels across the first year of life. Inattention and activity were assessed by coding of video recordings of children undergoing fine motor testing. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal PCB-153 levels and inattention (n=97) and activity (n=98) at 5years of age. Cord plasma PCB-153 was not associated with inattention and activity. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in estimated infant PCB-153 levels at 2months was associated with a 1.02% increase in the duration of inattention (95% CI: 0.04, 2.00). Statistical adjustment for the duration of breastfeeding slightly increased regression coefficients for postnatal level estimates, some of which became statistically significant for inattention (months: 2-4) and activity (months: 2-5). Our study adds to the growing evidence of postnatal windows of development during which children are more susceptible to neurotoxicants like PCBs.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01134338
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01134338
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.004
PUBMED : 25796081

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
The two experiments reported in the present paper concern (i) the differential imagery value of French and Creole and (ii) the influence of language on the recall of sequences of patterned movements in a bilingual population. Creole words were obtained a higher imagery value than French words, certainly because Creole is an oral and vernacular language. Motor recall scores were better when the sequence was presented in Creole compared to French. The generation of visual images by Creole would facilitate the memorization and recall of new sequences of movements. The effect of language on imagery value of words and motor recall among bilingual French–Creole subjects was discussed in terms of nature of information encoding in each language.
Les deux expérimentations relatées dans cet article évaluent la valeur d'imagerie de mots et le rappel moteur d'enchaînements auprès de bilingues français–créole en faisant varier la langue de présentation. Les mots en créole, supposés susciter plus facilement des images mentales visuelles, car le créole est une langue orale et vernaculaire, ont effectivement obtenu une cote plus élevée que les mots français sur l'échelle de valeur d'imagerie. L'évocation d'images visuelles facilitant la mémo-risation et la planification de séquences de mouvements, les performances de rappel obtenues à partir des consignes en créole ont été supérieures à celles obtenues en français. Les effets de la langue de présentation sur la valeur d'imagerie des mots et le rappel moteur d'enchaînements de morphocinè-ses auprès des participants bilingues sont discutés en termes de nature d'encodage de l'information verbale dans chacune des langues.
ISSN: 0033-2984

hal-01540163
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01540163
DOI : 10.1016/j.psfr.2005.05.011

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Masson
Résumé : International audience
AIM: To describe the amount of medical and paramedical involvement in a sample of Breton children with cerebral palsy as a function of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a transversal descriptive study. All children with cerebral palsy in Brittany were eligible. Parents who accepted to participate were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding medical and paramedical involvement with their child. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-three parents participated. 40.6% of the children were level I on the GMFCS, 20.3% II, 12.03% III, 13.53% IV and 13.53% were level V. Thirty-nine percent of the children took at least one medication (of which 43% were antiepileptic drugs). 33.1% of the children had received at least one injection of botulinum toxin within the year. Forty-four percent used a mobility aid. Eighty-five percent of the children had at least one orthotic device, most often a night ankle-foot orthosis. The median number of rehabilitation sessions per week was 3.85 [0.5-11.5]. The frequency and type of sessions were mostly related to the GMFCS level. CONCLUSION: This study reports high levels of medical and paramedical involvement. Studies must attempt to define optimal practice.
ISSN: 1877-0657

hal-00876456
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876456
PUBMED : 23312436
DOI : 10.1016/j.rehab.2012.11.003

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Since the Shea, J.B. and Morgan (1979) study, investigators have repeatedly shown that the learning of a set of movement patterns (as evaluated in a retention test) is enhanced when acquisition occurred under a random rather than a blocked schedule of practice. Supposedly, this is the case because a random schedule of practice necessitates more elaborate cognitive activities than a blocked schedule before each acquisition trial can be initiated. Our main objective was to determine whether the advantage for learning found for random practice increases as a function of the number of acquisition trials. During acquisition, the results indicated a general tendency for smaller movement reproduction errors under a blocked rather than a random schedule of practice. However, this effect disappeared with larger amount of acquisition trials. In retention, larger errors were observed when acquisition occurred under a blocked rather than a random schedule of practice. Finally, the disadvantage for learning observed for the blocked schedule of practice disappeared under a block-repeated condition in which each movement pattern was first practiced under a blocked schedule which was then repeated a second time. The results are discussed in terms of the so-called contextual interference effect and indicates some of its limitations.
ISSN: 0001-6918

hal-01662846
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01662846
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941657
PUBMED : 8165923

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, is a complex process that results from the loss of tolerance to insulin and other beta-cell-specific antigens. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of death from infectious disease. Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified as the main factor contributing to the development of diseases associated with diabetes mellitus. However, experimental evidence indicates individual susceptibility to develop complications of diabetes. Various genetic and environmental factors have been studied so far, but precise causation has yet to be established. Numerous studies in rodents and human subjects have been performed in order to elucidate the role of B and T cells, which determine the risk of development and progression of diabetes. Moreover, the therapy management of diabetes includes nutritional recommendations and exercise training. The effects of exercise training on glycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response are well known and favorable to limit the development of diabetes and its complications. More interestingly, ?-galacto-oligosaccharides (?-GOS) are prebiotics that selectively alter the composition of gut microbiota and exhibit strong antioxidant, anti- inflammatory and insulin-sensitive effects in vitro (Efstathiou and Fathi 2010) and in vivo (Boucher J et al. 2003). Thus, ? -GOS is a potential functional food for the treatment of diabetes. But, less is known about the effect of training and ? –GOS on immune response in diabetes. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the immune response in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes with two therapeutic means: training and ?-galacto-oligosaccharides (?-GOS) alone or combined. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control placebo, streptozotocin-diabetic rat (STZ) groups supplemented or not with ?-GOS (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks and/or following endurance training. The training program was individualized and consisted in a 1h/day, 5days/week running during 8 weeks on a motor-driven treadmill. At the end of the protocol, blood was obtained by venous puncture into heparin-containing tubes for further analyses (glucose, insulin, fructosamine and immune responses) Results: Relative to the control group, STZ rats exhibited hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency and a trend to higher plasma fructosamine levels, a marker of glycated proteins. They also exhibited a decrease in T and B cells and an increase in natural killers (NK). ?-GOS treatment reduced plasma fructosamine levels and increased B cells compared to STZ rats. Training induced a decrease in plasma glucose, T cells and an increase in B cells in STZ rats. The combined effect of ?-GOS and training didn’t potentiate the immune response on B and T cells but inhibited the effects of training on NK. Discussion: Our results suggest that training and ?-GOS alter positively plasma glucose and/or fructosamine and the immune response. But the effects of combined treatments only concern limited parameters. ? -GOS effects could be partly attributable to its immunomodulating activity. Keywords: ?-GOS, training, immune cells, diabetes. References Efstathiou, T. and D. Fathi. Sojasun Technologies. 2010 Boucher J et al. J Physiol Biochem. 59(3):169-73, 2003
18th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Sciences, Barcelone, Spain, 26-29 juin.
Barcelone, Spain

hal-01159378
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01159378