Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. They are organized by geographical location.
Adults and children gathering outside of a chapel right after a ceremony.
Haiti -- Caribbean region
Haiti
Haiti
Haiti

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 57:10
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/CA01200283/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major health issue in French Guiana. Amerindian communities remain the most affected. A previous study in Camopi highlighted the predominant role of environmental factors in the occurrence of malaria. However, all parameters involved in the transmission were not clearly identified. A new survey was conducted in order to clarify the risk factors for the presence of malaria cases in Camopi. METHODS: An open cohort of children under seven years of age was set up on the basis of biologically confirmed malaria cases for the period 2001-2009. Epidemiological and observational environmental data were collected using two structured questionnaires. Data were analysed with a multiple failures multivariate Cox model. The influence of climate and the river level on malaria incidence was evaluated by time-series analysis. Relationships between Anopheles darlingi human biting rates and malaria incidence rates were estimated using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS: The global annual incidence over the nine-year period was 238 per 1,000 for Plasmodium falciparum, 514 per 1,000 for Plasmodium visa and 21 per 1,000 for mixed infections. The multivariate survival analysis associated higher malaria incidence with living on the Camopi riverside vs. the Oyapock riverside, far from the centre of the Camopi hamlet, in a home with numerous occupants and going to sleep late. On the contrary, living in a house cleared of all vegetation within 50 m and at high distance of the forest were associated with a lower risk. Meteorological and hydrological characteristics appeared to be correlated with malaria incidence with different lags. Anopheles darlingi human biting rate was also positively correlated to incident malaria in children one month later. CONCLUSIONS: Malaria incidence in children remains high in young children despite the appearance of immunity in children around three years of age. The closeness environment but also the meteorological parameters play an important role in malaria transmission among children under seven years of age in Camopi.
ISSN: 1475-2875

inserm-00633771
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00633771
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00633771/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00633771/file/1475-2875-10-246.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-10-246

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
This image shows children, a boy and girl, sitting on the sidewalk of a busy street with parked automobiles in Saint John, Antigua. There is a nearby parked truck carrying dry produce. Some dry produce bags and boxes, a few labeled Breezes, have been placed on the sidewalk. Two women are standing near the boxes and a poster advertising “The M.C.C. Tour 1968” which features cricket players. Some of the stores on this street include A. E. Bird American House and Schimmel Restaurant & Bar.
Antigua and Barbuda -- Caribbean region -- Saint John's, Antigua

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 1:6

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Children are exposed to toxic metals and metalloids via their diet and environment. Our objective was to assess the aggregate chronic exposure of children aged 3–6 years, living in France, to As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V present in diet, tap water, air, soil and floor dust in the years 2007–2009. Dietary data came from the French Total Diet Study, while concentrations in residential tap water, soil and indoor floor dust came from the ‘Plomb-Habitat’ nationwide representative survey on children's lead exposure at home. Indoor air concentrations were assumed to be equal to outdoor air concentrations, which were retrieved from regulatory measurements networks. Human exposure factors were retrieved from literature. Data were combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Median exposures were 1.7, 0.3, 10.2, 34.1, 60.3, 0.7, 0.1, 44.3, 1.5 and 95th percentiles were 4.4, 0.5, 15.8, 61.3, 98.3, 2.5, 0.1, 111.1, 2.9 μg/kg bw/d for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Sb, Sr, and V respectively. Dietary exposures dominate aggregate exposures, with the notable exception of Pb - for which soils and indoor floor dust ingestion contribute most at the 95th percentile. The strengths of this study are that it aggregates exposures that are often estimated separately, and uses a large amount of representative data. This assessment is limited to main diet and residential exposure, and does not take into account the relative bioavailability of compounds. These results could be used to help target prevention strategies.
ISSN: 0160-4120

inserm-01404061
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01404061
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01404061/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01404061/file/rev1%20-%20MS%20Expo%20metals.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Academy of Pediatrics
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between prenatal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and infant cognitive and motor functions. METHODS: Our prospective cohort study included 1-year-old children born to women enrolled at their first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Allada, Benin, before 29 weeks of pregnancy, within a trial comparing the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine. Hb concentrations of pregnant women were determined from venous blood samples collected at first and second ANC visits of at least 1-month interval and at delivery. Women were prescribed oral iron, folic acid, and anthelminthics after the first ANC visit. A total of 636 children (76.8% of eligible children) were assessed by trained research nurses for cognitive and motor functions by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. RESULTS: Prevalence of anemia (Hb extless 110 g/L) decreased from 67.0% at first ANC visit (mean gestational age [SD], 22.1 [4.0] weeks) to 38.4% at delivery. Mean (SD) Hb concentrations increased from 103.7 (12.3) at first ANC visit to 112.4 (14.1) at delivery. We observed a significant negative quadratic relationship between infant gross motor (GM) function and Hb concentration at first and second ANC visits. Thus, infant GM scores increased sharply with increasing maternal Hb concentration until 90 g/L where increasing GM was mild, and began to decline after 110 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be an Hb concentration range that may be optimal for GM function of 1-year-old children. This may reflect the importance of physiologic hemodilution, which occurs after the second trimester until 34 weeks of gestation
ISSN: 0031-4005

hal-01163752
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01163752
PUBMED : 26055847
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2015-0491

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
Montego Bay, Saint James, Jamaica became popular as a sea bathing destination when in 1906 Doctor Alexander James McCatty donated the land to the community and rumors spread that the waters off this beach had health benefits. The beach received its name from Doctor McCatty and his physician friends and because the original entrance was through a cave, which was destroyed in a 1932 hurricane. The image is of tourists sea bathing in the Caribbean Sea while children play in the sand of Doctor's Cave Beach.
Jamaica -- Caribbean region -- Montego Bay, Saint James

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00031050/00001

Éditeur(s) : Aurora del Yumurí Aurora del Yumurí ( Matanzas Cuba )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) por Ildefonso Estrada y Zenea.
Cuba

08507247

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD IOS Press
Résumé : International audience
Vascular function has been found to be impaired in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The present study investigated the determinants of systemic vascular resistance in two main SCD syndromes in children: sickle cell anemia (SCA) and sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (SCC). Nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), hematological, hemorheological, and hemodynamical parameters were investigated in 61 children with SCA and 49 children with SCC. While mean arterial pressure was not different between SCA and SCC children, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was greater in SCC children. Although SVR and blood viscosity (ηb) were not correlated in SCC children, the increase of ηb (+18%) in SCC children compared to SCA children results in a greater mean SVR in this former group. SVR was positively correlated with ηb, hemoglobin (Hb) level and RBC deformability, and negatively with NOx level in SCA children. Multivariate linear regression model showed that both NOx and Hb levels were independently associated with SVR in SCA children. In SCC children, only NOx level was associated with SVR. In conclusion, vascular function of SCC children seems to better cope with higher ηb compared to SCA children. Since the occurrence of vaso-occlusive like complications are less frequent in SCC than in SCA children, this finding suggests a pathophysiological link between the vascular function alteration and these clinical manifestations. In addition, our results suggested that nitric oxide metabolism plays a key role in the regulation of SVR, both in SCA and SCC.
ISSN: 1386-0291

inserm-00849031
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849031/file/2013_Lamarre_-_Relationships_between_SVR_BR_and_NO_in_children_with_sickle_cell_anemia_or_sickle_cell-hemoglobin_C_disease.pdf
DOI : 10.3233/CH-121661

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The present study investigated cerebral and muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (tissue oxygen index, TOI) in children with sickle cell anemia (SS), sickle cell hemoglobin C disease (SC) and healthy children (AA). TOI was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and spectral analysis of the TOI variability was used to assess flowmotion and vasomotion. Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), hemorheological and hematological parameters were also measured in SS and SC children. Both TOI were lower in SS compared to both AA and SC children, with SC exhibiting lower values than AA children. Cerebral vasomotion expressed in absolute values was enhanced in SS compared to AA and SC children. Muscle vasomotion did not differ between the three groups. Hematocrit, SpO2 and red blood cell deformability were positively associated with cerebral TOI in SS children. We demonstrated that 1) cerebral and muscle TOI were markedly decreased in SS children while the decrease of TOI was milder in SC children, 2) cerebral TOI level was associated with several biological markers in SS children only and 3) cerebral vasomotion was enhanced in SS, possibly to counterbalance the effects of chronic cerebral hypoxia.
ISSN: 1079-9796

hal-01668321
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01668321
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.03.015

Éditeur(s) : Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere, University of Florida ( Gainesville, FL )
Résumé : (Biographical) Professor Emeritus Gerald Murray has done extended fieldwork in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and has engaged in applied contract assignments in 15 countries for 27 public and private agencies. In Haiti, he designed and directed an agroforestry project that facilitated trees to over a quarter of a million farm families during a 20 year period. He has also worked with Save the Children (since the earthquake), USAID, and other NGOs on projects related to Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Recent applied research assignments include child slavery in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, potential conflicts surrounding planned dam construction that would flood out farming communities near the Panama Canal, and a month of fieldwork on the Gaza Strip among Hebrew-speaking farmers being shelled by Hamas and Islamic Jihad in the turbulent weeks immediately preceding their planned expulsion and involuntary relocation by the Israeli government. He has written three books, 27 articles and book chapters, and 59 applied anthropological reports. He has studied fifteen languages (some extinct) and have interviewed and/or conversed in eight.
(Funding) Sponsored by the Caleb and Michele Grimes Fund in the CLAS Dean's Office and organized by the Center for the Humanities and the Public Sphere.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Résumé : Over the years, several children have been the sole survivors of raft voyages. In 1999-2000, one of these children, Elián González, became the center of an international custody dispute between his relatives in Miami and his father who lived in Cuba. His mother was lost at sea during the crossing. The set of postcards shown here were prepared by the Cuban government.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Background: Overweight in Guadeloupe is a public health matter affecting children and adults. In the present study we evaluated the metabolic profile, including serum ghrelin, leptin and adiponectin levels, in normal weight, overweight and obese school children and we analyzed the potential changes in anthropometric and metabolic risk factors after a 1-year lifestyle intervention program. Methods: Parameters were assessed at baseline and at 1 year. Three groups (G) were defined according the International Obesity Task Force reference values, G1: normal weight / G2: overweight / G3: obese. The lifestyle intervention included dietary counseling, regular physical activity and family support. Results: A total of 120 children (G1: n = 44, G2: n = 39, G3: n = 37), aged 11– 15 years and 59 % girls were enrolled. Obese children showed significant lower HDL-C, adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations, higher triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels and also higher frequencies of abdominal obesity (G1: 2.3 %, G2: 28.2 %, G3: 73 %) and insulin resistance (GI: 39 %, G2: 72 %, G3: 89 %) than the other groups. In the overall sample, the linear regressions exploring the associations of ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin with age, gender, BMI z-score, HOMA-IR and tanner stage as independent variables showed strong associations of leptin levels with weight status and insulin resistance at baseline. The models accounted for 58 % of variability in leptin levels compared with 26 and 15 % for adiponectin and ghrelin levels respectively. In 83 children who completed the program, significant decreases in BMI z-score in overweight and obese children were noted. Leptin levels decreased significantly only in the obese group whereas adiponectin concentrations increased significantly in the three groups, In obese children, a significant correlation was found between changes in BMI Z-score, and changes in leptin levels (r = 0.39; P = 0.049) but not with changes in adiponectin levels. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance were highly prevalent in obese children highlighting their risk of metabolic complications in adulthood. A 1-year long lifestyle intervention was associated with improvement in BMI z-score and metabolic parameters.
ISSN: 1743-7075

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01231394
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01231394/file/art_10.1186_s12986-015-0039-9.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/s12986-015-0039-9

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
View of the former court house and the façade of the King's House in Spanish Town, Saint Catherine, Jamaica. On the left is the former court house, which was constructed in 1819 by James Delancy, on the site of a Spanish chapel and cemetery. In 1986, the court house was destroyed by fire. On the right is old King's House, or governor's mansion, completed in 1762. Thomas Craskell, the Island Engineer, was responsible for preparing the King's House building plans. The mansion was destroyed during a fire in 1925 and now houses the Jamaican People's Museum of Crafts and Technology. In the center of the image are buildings on King's Street. In the image are children playing on the side walk and people resting in the shade of the King's House facade. Slide labeled Spanish Town.
Jamaica -- Caribbean region -- Spanish Town, Saint Catherine

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00031104/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Does the language in which the instructions are formulat- ed affect the execution of a bilingual's motor task? The first experiment studies whether the language used for the instructions influences the motor performances among bilingual children in situation of learning. Eighty bilin-gual French/Creole children (age means 10.4) were distributed into two experimental groups to learn how to perform a motor task. One group received instructions in French and the other one in Creole. The data suggest that the language of presentation affects the execution of a motor task. Both groups had the same performance level at the beginning of the experiment. We noticed that the group taught in Creole obtained better performances than the group taught in French at the end of the learning situation. The results are discussed in terms of their implications to physical education and motor rehabilitation of bilinguals. The two following experiments reported in the present paper concern (i) the differential imagery value of French and Creole and (ii) the influence of language on the recall of sequences of patterned movements in a bilingual population. Creole words were obtained a higher imagery value than French words, certainly because Creole is an oral and vernacular language. Motor recall scores were better when the sequence was presented in Creole compared to French. The generation of visual images by Creole would facilitate the memorization and recall of new sequences of movements. The effect of language on imagery value of words and motor recall among bilingual French–Creole subjects was discussed in terms of nature of information encoding in each language. The goal of the fourt and last study tries to know the language impact on the movement imagery ability of guadeloupean children. A person is able to represent verbal information with an image (Denis, 1989; Paivio, 1986). The language can he influence this ability on bilingual individuals? If Creole has more to do with image than French (Michelot, 2000), this survey considers a distinct language influence on the mental images vividness specified by guadeloupean children. 123 secondary school pupils (average age 13.45) altogether accepted to fill in the Movement Imagery Questionnaire of Hall and Pongrac (1983). This test enables to measure the rapidity of visual and kinaesthetic images. The “Creole” group (59 children; average age 13. 43) got the MIQ translated in Creole and the “French” group (64 children; average age 13.46) the French version of the test. Finally, language does not generally influence the movement imagery capacity. Yet, the kinaesthetic images are more vivid in French than in Creole for the subjects tested, aged from 11 to 13. The subjects aged from 14 to 16 have, only in Creole, more vivid visual images than the subjects aged from 11 to 13. The language affects the movement imagery ability with age of this guadeloupean children.
L'exécution d'une tâche motrice chez des bilingues est-elle affectée par la langue dans laquelle les consignes sont formulées ? Une première expérience a été menée en vue d'analyser si la langue de présentation des consignes influence les performances motrices d'enfants bilingues en situation d'apprentissage. Quatre-vingt bilingues français/créole (âge moyen : 10,4 ans) ont été répartis dans deux groupes expérimentaux afin d'apprendre à réaliser une tâche motrice, l'un recevant les consignes en français et l'autre en créole. Les données suggèrent que la langue de présentation affecte l'exécution d'une tâche motrice. Le groupe enseigné en créole obtient de meilleures performances en fin d'apprentissage comparativement à celles obtenues par le groupe enseigné en français, alors que les deux groupes ont au départ un niveau comparable. Ces résultats sont discutés sur le plan de leur implication pour l'éducation physique et la réadaptation motrice des bilingues. Les deux expérimentations suivantes évaluent (i) la valeur d'imagerie de mots et (ii) le rappel moteur d'enchaînements auprès de bilingues français–créole en faisant varier la langue de présentation. Les mots en créole, supposés susciter plus facilement des images mentales visuelles, car le créole est une langue orale et vernaculaire, ont effectivement obtenu une cote plus élevée que les mots français sur l'échelle de valeur d'imagerie. L'évocation d'images visuelles facilitant la mémorisation et la planification de séquences de mouvements, les performances de rappel obtenues à partir des consignes en créole ont été supérieures à celles obtenues en français. Les effets de la langue de présentation sur la valeur d'imagerie des mots et le rappel moteur d'enchaînements de morphocinèses auprès des participants bilingues sont discutés en termes de nature d'encodage de l'information verbale dans chacune des langues. L'objectif de cette quatrième et dernière recherche est de connaître l'impact de la langue sur la capacité d'imagerie du mouvement d'enfants guadeloupéens. Un individu peut se représenter des informations verbales sous une forme imagée (Denis, 1989; Paivio, 1986). La langue peut-elle influencer cette capacité chez des individus bilingues ? Le créole étant plus imagé que le français (Michelot, 2000), nous prévoyons une influence distincte de la langue sur le degré de vivacité des images mentales. Cent-vingt-trois collégiens guadeloupéens (âge moyen 13.45) ont rempli un questionnaire d'imagerie du mouvement (MIQ de Hall et Pongrac, 1983) mesurant la vivacité d'images visuelles et kinesthésiques. Un groupe «créole» (59 enfants; âge moyen 13.43) l'a passé en créole et un groupe «français» (64 enfants; âge moyen 13.46) en français. Finalement, la langue n'influence pas la capacité d'imagerie mentale de notre échantillon. Mais la vivacité des images kinesthésiques est supérieure en français chez les sujets de 11 à 13 ans et celle des images visuelles des sujets de 14 à 16 ans est supérieure à celle des sujets de 11 à 13 ans seulement en créole. La langue semble influencer la capacité d'imagerie mentale des sujets en fonction de l'âge.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
tel-00441944
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441944/file/These_Anciaux_2003_L_enfant_le_creole_et_l_EPS.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Résumé : International audience
Background: Glycol ethers (GE) are widely used organic solvents. Despite the potential neurotoxicity of several families of organic solvents, little is known about the impact of GE on the neurodevelopment of infants and children. Objectives: We investigated the relation between urinary concentrations of GE metabolites in pregnant women and neurocognitive abilities in their 6-year-old children in the PELAGIE mother-child cohort. Methods: Five GE metabolites were measured in first morning void urine samples of 204 French pregnant women in early pregnancy (<19 weeks of gestation). Psychologists assessed the neurocognitive abilities of their 6-year-old children with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV (WISC) and the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY). We analyzed the results with linear (WISC) and Poisson regression models (NEPSY), adjusted for potential confounders, including child's stimulation at home. Results: GE metabolites were detected in 90-100% of maternal urine samples. The WISC Verbal Comprehension score was significantly lower for children with the highest tertile of urinary phenoxyacetic acid (PhAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-6.53; 95% CI: -11.44, -1.62]. Similarly, the NEPSY Design Copying subtest score was lower in those with the highest tertile of urinary ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) [beta (third vs. first tertile)=-0.11; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.00]. The other GE metabolites we studied were not significantly associated with WISC or NEPSY scores. Conclusions: Prenatal urine concentrations of two GE metabolites were associated with lower WISC Verbal Comprehension Index scores and NEPSY Design Copying subscale scores, respectively, at age 6 years. PhAA is the primary metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol (EGPhE), which is commonly found in cosmetics, and precursors of EAA are frequently used in cleaning agents. Additional research is needed to confirm our findings and further explore potential effects of prenatal GE exposures on neurocognitive performance in children.
ISSN: 0091-6765

hal-01519256
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519256
DOI : 10.1289/EHP39
PUBMED : 27740510

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ferrata Storti Foundation
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of blood rheology on the occurrence of acute chest syndrome and painful vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: To address this issue, steady-state hemorheological profiles (blood viscosity, red blood cell deformability, aggregation properties) and hematologic parameters were assessed in 44 children with sickle cell anemia and 49 children with hemoglobin SC disease (8-16 years old) followed since birth. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed to determine prior acute chest syndrome or vaso-occlusive episodes, and rates of these complications were calculated. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that: 1) a higher steady-state blood viscosity was associated with a higher rate of vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia, but not in children with hemoglobin SC disease; 2) a higher steady-state red blood cell disaggregation threshold was associated with previous history of acute chest syndrome in children with hemoglobin SC disease and boys with sickle cell anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate for the first time that the red blood cell aggregation properties may play a role in the pathophysiology of acute chest syndrome in children with hemoglobin SC disease and boys with sickle cell anemia. In addition, whereas greater blood viscosity is associated with a higher rate of vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia, no association was found in children with hemoglobin SC disease, underscoring differences in the etiology of vaso-occlusive crises between sickle cell anemia and hemoglobin SC disease.
ISSN: 0390-6078

inserm-00849038
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00849038/file/inserm-00849038.pdf
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2012.066670

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OP) during pregnancy impairs neurodevelopment in children. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated associations between biomarkers of prenatal and postnatal OP exposure and cognitive function of 6-year-olds in a French longitudinal birth cohort. METHODS: In 2002-2006, the PELAGIE mother-child cohort enrolled pregnant women from Brittany. For a random subcohort, we measured nonspecific dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAP) of OP in one maternal urine sample, collected before 19 weeks' gestation, and in one urine sample collected from their 6-year-old children. Six subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th edition (WISC-IV) was administered at 6 years to evaluate cognitive function (n=231). Linear regression models controlling for factors including maternal intelligence and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score were used. RESULTS: WISC-IV scores were not significantly associated with prenatal or childhood total DAP metabolites. WISC verbal comprehension score was significantly higher in association with the highest maternal urinary concentrations of diethylphosphate metabolites (DE) (5.5; 95% CI: 0.8, 10.3 for extgreater 13.2 nmol/L versus extlessLOQ), while WISC working memory score was significantly lower in association with the highest urinary concentrations of DE metabolites at age 6 years (-3.6; 95% CI: -7.8, -0.6 for extgreater 11.1 nmol/L versus extlessLOD). CONCLUSION: This study found no evidence that prenatal OP exposure adversely affected cognitive function in 6-year-olds, perhaps because of the higher population's socioeconomic status than in previous studies though other causal and non-causal explanations are also possible. The negative association between WISC score and concurrent DE urinary concentrations requires replication by longitudinal studies investigating childhood OP exposure
Environmental Health Perspectives

hal-01207282
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01207282
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.1409472
PUBMED : 26394442

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This paper deals with the study of the kinematic dimension of scribbling activities executed by kindergarten children aged from 3 to 6 years old from three grades. For this purpose, three sigma-lognormal features, six classical ones and one hybrid feature related to visuo-motor skills are extracted from scribbles realized using five different Type Grib. The statistical analysis of these data illustrates that sigma-lognormal modeling can satisfactorily reconstruct kindergarten children’s scribbles. Moreover, this preliminary study confirms that there are significant differences between grades with respect to six of the features we studied, regardless of the nature of the scribbling movement made by children. These features are related to rapidity, fluidity and precision of linear and curvilinear movements used for scribbling tasks.
17th Biennial Conference of the International Graphonomics Society
Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe

hal-01165910
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165910
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165910/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01165910/file/IGS_2015_submission_28.pdf

Résumé : (Ownership) Received by the Rubenstein Library as a gift from Mariela Ferrer Jewett in 2010
Orestes Lorenzo, a former Cuban Air Force major, defected with his plane to the U.S. in 1990. A campaign to bring his family was then begun. This postcard showing his wife and children, was part of the effort by the Valladares Foundation to pressure the Cuban government for their release. In 1992, Mr. Lorenzo flew back to Cuba clandestinely and picked up his family at a prearranged location and then flew them out of Cuba to Florida.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The amount of lead in the environment has decreased significantly in recent years, and so did exposure. However, there is no known safe exposure level and, therefore, the exposure of children to lead, although low, remains a major public health issue. With the lower levels of exposure, it is becoming more difficult to identify lead sources and new approaches may be required for preventive action. This study assessed the usefulness of lead isotope ratios for identifying sources of lead using data from a nationwide sample of French children aged from six months to six years with blood lead levels (B-Pb) [greater than or equal to] 25 ug/L. METHODS: Blood samples were taken from 125 children, representing about 600,000 French children; environmental samples were taken from their homes and personal information was collected. Lead isotope ratios were determined using quadrupole ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry) and the isotopic signatures of potential sources of exposure were matched with those of blood in order to identify the most likely sources. RESULTS: In addition to the interpretation of lead concentrations, lead isotope ratios were potentially of use for 57% of children aged from six months to six years with blood lead level [greater than or equal to] 25 ug/L (7% of overall children in France, about 332,000 children), with at least one potential source of lead and sufficiently well discriminated lead isotope ratios. Lead isotope ratios revealed a single suspected source of exposure for 32% of the subjects and were able to eliminate at least one unlikely source of exposure for 30% of the children. CONCLUSIONS: In France, lead isotope ratios could provide valuable additional information in about a third of routine environmental investigations.
ISSN: 1476-069X

inserm-00624817
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00624817
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00624817/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00624817/file/1476-069X-10-75.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1476-069X-10-75