Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
Tight control of basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is essential for cell survival and to fine-tune Ca2+-dependent cell functions. A way to control this basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is to regulate membrane Ca2+ channels including store-operated Ca2+ channels and secondary messenger-operated channels linked to G-protein-coupled or tyrosine kinase receptor activation. Orai, with or without its reticular STIM partner and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins, were considered to be the main Ca2+ channels involved. It is well accepted that, in response to cell stimulation, opening of these Ca2+ channels contributes to Ca2+ entry and the transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration involved in intracellular signaling. However, in various experimental conditions, Ca2+ entry and/or Ca2+ currents can be recorded at rest, without application of any experimental stimulation. This led to the proposition that some plasma membrane Ca2+ channels are already open/activated in basal condition, contributing therefore to constitutive Ca2+ entry. This article focuses on direct and indirect observations supporting constitutive activity of channels belonging to the Orai and TRP families and on the mechanisms underlying their basal/constitutive activities.
ISSN: 0175-7571

inserm-01526286
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01526286/file/EBJO-D-16-00056_R1-2%20%282%29.pdf
PUBMED : 28516266

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : A development programme for the promotion of FADs in Sao Tome and Principe has implemented an original interactive approach by granting a predominant place to the initiative of the target group and its participation in decision making. The appropriation process of the innovative fads by the beneficiaries takes place in three stages described herewith. the technical research phase. This consists of formally describing an idea in reply to an expressed or potential need. The envisaged fad type is developed and tested by the project's agents in order to obtain a technically appropriate prototype.- the research and adjustment phase. The fad is given to a small number of people to be used in real-life conditions. Reaction surveys will enable its pertinence to be tested and its adaptation to normal conditions of use. This second phase results in the production of a technically and socio-economically appropriated fad. - the diffusion-perpetuation phase. This entails i) identification of the sequences of the various stages, ii) definition and grouping of contributions by the various parties, iii) production of educational auxiliaries, iv) initiating actions for user awareness and demonstration, v) staff training, vi) monitoring of the fad "socialisation", vii) solving funding problems.Original Abstract: Un projet visant, entre autres, la promotion de DCP pour la peche artisanale fonctionne a Sao Tome et Principe depuis 1993. Le processus d'appropriation daune telle innovation par les beneficiaires comprend trois etapes ici decrites. La phase de recherche technique. Il s'agit d'instrumentaliser une idee en reponse a un besoin exprime ou potentiel. L'innovation envisagee est mise au point et testee par les agents du projet en milieu controle de facon a obtenir un prototype techniquement approprie. La phase de recherche-developpement: l'outil est confie a un petit nombre de personnes pour une utilisation en conditions reelles. C'est une phase de mise au point interactive, seule susceptible de provoquer une reelle appropriation par les recipiendaires. Des enquetes de reaction permettront de tester sa pertinence et de l'adapter aux conditions normales d'utilisation. Cette seconde phase debouche sur la production d'un outil de reference approprie techniquement et socio-economiquement. La phase de diffusion-perennisation: il s'agira la : i) d'identifier les sequences d'intervention, ii) d'identifier et de regrouper les apports des differentes parties, iii) de definir et de produire les auxiliaires pedagogiques (manuels, affiches, radio), iv) d'entreprendre des actions de sensibilisation et de demonstration, v) de former les personnels, vi) de veiller a la socialisation de l'innovation, pour les outils collectifs, vii) de resoudre le probleme du financement.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15306/12641.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15306/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : More than ten years after its launching, an evaluation of the results of the FADs programme carried on in Reunion Island has been made. Its implementation and its impact on artisanal fishery in Reunion Island have been analysed. This analysis demonstrates that, following a continuously ascending phase, the production of fish caught on fads has reached a plateau. Parallel to the FAD-associated fishery, the longline fishery has developed since 1991. This type of fishery includes production units whose operating zone is bordering the FAD installation area. Analysing the evolution of the small longliner sector is based on general activity indicators (number of ships, production, fish selling prices). Besides, a synthesis of the interactions between those two types of fisheries, whether in terms of exploited resources, space conflicts, fishing population or market, has been effected. Judging from the complementary and antagonistic natures of the two fisheries identified above and given their evolution, the future of the FADs programme is pending. Have the fads just been a step in the evolution of the Reunion fishing system or have they modified it on a long-term basis?

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15319/12640.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15319/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The first fad's in the islands of the South West Indian Ocean were moored in the fifties. The area under study forms part of the Indian Ocean Commission which include Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Reunion and the island of Mayotte. After a few isolated trials that turned to be inconclusive, especially for lack of reliability of the devices moored, trials were pursued under the auspices of International Organizations. A new type of fad was successfully designed and implemented in Mauritius. This model was then applied in the Comoros in 1987, in la Reunion and Madagascar in 1988 and in Mayotte in 1989. The various programmes have had various results. In some cases such as la Reunion and Mauritius, they have played a key role in the development of the inshore fishery. In other cases they have been less significant. Finally in other cases although a significant impact on artisanal fishery, the experience was halted due to financial constraints. Beyond the history of the various programmes and the results obtained, the authors have attempted to underline the social and economic factors that have characterized the various trials in the different regional countries.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15285/12671.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15285/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : In the area served by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), which includes 22 Pacific Island countries and territories, anchored FADs have been used since the late 1970s. First introduced from the Philippines, via Hawaii, they were quickly adopted by both industrial and artisanal fisheries sectors : in 1984 more than 600 anchored FADs had been deployed in the region. Since these early days, the development of the technique by the industrial and the artisanal sectors have followed parallel paths with little interaction. In the industrial private sector, companies are funding, deploying and monitoring their own FADs. For some fishing companies, using purse seiners and pole-and-line vessels, from the Solomon Islands or Papua-New-Guinea, these FADs have become a necessity. FAD programmes for small-scale fisheries have been almost exclusively run by the public sector, with technical support from regional and international development agencies and financial assistance from overseas funding agencies. These programmes have had mixed successes : becoming an on-going and essential tool in some places like French Polynesia or Guam; or being momentarily suspended, like in Vanuatu or Tonga, because of the lack of funds, partly due to the scarcity of proven economic return to the fishing communities. This document is an attempt to synthesise the current information on these very diverse situations, including technical, economical and social considerations.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/12669.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The Mediterranean small-scale fleet is highly adaptive, showing a dynamic fishing intensity and strategy, and exploiting seasonal abundant resources. In this area, the aggregatory behaviour under floats of juvenile fish has been used since ancient times to exploit oceanic migratory species such as dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), using Fish Aggregating anchored Devices (fads). A total of 2 300 boats are engaged in this fishery from August to December, the main fishing areas being those around Malta, Tunisia, Sicily and Majorca. The fads ( arrow right m2) are made of different cheap floating materials, and are moored in fixed places, ranging from shore waters to areas 60 miles off the coast (1 500 m depth). Each boat deploys an average of 20 to 100 fads. The gears used are special surrounding nets without purse line, and traditional purse seine nets. The fishery exploits young-of-the-year dolphinfish (<6 months old), originated by a pre-spawning migration of adults from Atlantic waters. Their catches show high annual and monthly variability, depending on the recruitment and the accessibility of recruits to the fishery. Pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) and greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) are also exploited in this fishery as by-catch. A total of about 1 000 metric tons of dolphinfish are yearly caught mainly in September-October. The fads are historically laid in August. Recently, the fads fishing period has increased in Sicily, and the fads are laid in July, so as to catch pilotfish and greater amberjak juveniles. In recent years, the interest for this fishing method and the study of these fisheries has increased in the Mediterranean. Though the market and its seasonality limit this exploitation, this fishery is economically profitable with good revenue.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/12672.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : In the Sicilian fisheries, the swordfish (Xiphias gladius, Linnaeus 1758), caught from March to December with several gears which vary according to season, represents one of the most important economic resources. The size composition changes depending on the gear used, the way it is operated, the fishing area and season. The gears used for swordfish fishing (long-lines "for swordfish", drift-nets, harpoons as operated by typical boats named "feluche") mainly catch adult specimens. From August to December, a high number of very young swordfish specimens (1.5 to 4.5 kg) is also caught as by-catch during the albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre 1788) fishing which is carried out by a special long line and hooks only 3 cm long. It was observed that in the same season, fishing areas and with boats of similar type, the fishing of dolphin-fish (Coryphaena hippurus, Linnaeus 1758), using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and purse seine, is hardly practised in spite of the resource availability swordfish. With the present work, which can be regarded as an initial approach to the problem of diversifying and managing fishing effort of swordfish, albacore and dolphin-fish, their fisheries are examined and discussed, not overlooking the economic aspect, by considering weather a reallocation of fishing effort among the previously said resources might avert the risk of swordfish stock depletion.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15299/12659.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15299/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since the early 1980's, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC, formerly the South Pacific Commission) has contributed to the development of FAD programmes for the artisanal fisheries sector in the Pacific region. In particular, it has put considerable efforts into developing technology that would assure a two-year average FAD lifespan, while maintaining costs under US$ 4,000 per FAD unit. From 1996 to 1998, this work led to the publication of three volumes of the SPC FAD Manual. Volume 2 of this manual, "Rigging Deep-Water FAD Moorings", describes in great detail two FAD models that were developed from the original 1983 SPC-recommended model, and gives precise instructions on the way to construct them. Despite SPC's work, the objectives set, in particular the two-year average lifespan for FADs, have not been consistently met, resulting in many FAD programmes in the region being suspended. An analysis of the reasons why this has occurred is presented, along with a short description of the practical research that could be pursued, using different objectives, to introduce new FAD programmes in the region.Original Abstract: Depuis le debut des annees quatre-vingt, le secretariat general de la communaute du Pacifique (SPC, anciennement commission du Pacifique Sud) a soutenu et accompagne le developpement de programmes DCP destines au secteur de la peche artisanale, dans la region Pacifique. Il s'est en particulier efforce de mettre au point des modeles de DCP repondant principalement aux deux criteres suivants: duree de vie superieure a deux ans et cout unitaire moyen inferieur a 4 000 dollars US. Entre 1996 et 1998, ces travaux ont abouti a la publication en trois volumes du manuel de la SPC sur les DCP. Le volume 2 de ce manuel, " La fabrication de DCP pour grandes profondeurs ", presente deux evolutions d'un modele concu en 1983 et en detaille tres precisement les methodes de fabrication. Le present document analyse les raisons pour lesquelles, malgre les efforts deployes, les objectifs fixes, et en particulier la duree de vie minimum de deux ans pour les DCP, n'ont pas ete pleinement atteints et la plupart des programmes DCP de la region ont ete interrompus. Il donne egalement une breve description des axes de recherche appliquee qui pourraient etre suivis, en se fixant d'autres objectifs, pour relancer des programmes DCP dans la region.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/12648.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/