Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
We present an integrated study of geochemistry, petrofabrics and seismic properties of strongly sheared eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China. First, geochemical data characterize diverse protoliths of the studied eclogites. The positive Eu- and Sr-anomalies, negative Nb anomaly and flat portion of heavy rare earth elements in coarse-grained rutile eclogites (samples B270 and B295) suggest a cumulate origin in the continental crust, whereas the negative Nb anomaly and enrichment of light rare earth elements in retrograde eclogites (samples B504, B15 and B19) imply an origin of continental basalts or island arc basalts. Second, P-wave velocities (V-p) of three typical eclogite samples were measured under confining pressures up to 500 MPa and temperatures to 700 degrees C. At 500 MPa and room temperature, the mean V-p reaches 8.50-8.53 km/s in samples B270 and B295 but drops to 7.86 km/s in sample B504, and the P-wave anisotropy changes from 1.7-2.7% to 5.5%, respectively. The pressure and temperature derivatives of V-p are larger in the retrograde eclogite than in fresh ones. Third, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements of the eclogites reveal random crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of garnet and pronounced CPO of omphacite, which is characterized by a strong concentration of [001]-axes sub-parallel to the lineation and of (010)-poles perpendicular to the foliation. The asymmetric CPO of omphacite in sample B270 recorded a top-to-the-south shear event during subduction of the Yangtze plate. The calculated fastest V-p is generally sub-parallel to the lineation, but a different deformation environment during exhumation could form second-order variations in omphacite CPO and affect the V-p distribution in eclogites (e.g., the fastest V-p is at similar to 35 degrees from the foliation in sample 13295). Comparison between measured and calculated seismic properties indicates that the CPO of omphacite controls the seismic anisotropy of eclogites at high pressure, and compositional layering and retrograde minerals will increase the anisotropy. Calculated P-wave velocities agree well with velocities measured at 500 MPa and room temperature for fresh eclogites, but much higher than those of retrograde eclogite. As a case study, the laboratory-derived V-p-P and V-p-T relationships were used to estimate P-wave velocities of eclogites and peridotites beneath the Western Superior Province, Canada. The results indicate that besides the fabric-induced anisotropy, the direction dependence of pressure and temperature derivatives of V-p can significantly increase seismic anisotropy of eclogites with depth, which results in eclogites being an important candidate for the seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Due to their very high density and velocity, garnet-rich eclogites within peridotite could be detected in seismic reflections in subduction zones.
ISSN: 0040-1951

hal-00463512
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00463512
DOI : 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Paleostress orientations were calculated from fault populations at 24 sites along the SW-NE segment and five sites along the E-W. Yasin segment of the Karakoram-Kohistan Suture Zone in NW Pakistan They demonstrate the importance of combined thrusting and strike-slip faulting. However, several paleostress tensor directions are distinguished, a dominant NW-SE compression and a minor E-W compression are compatible with the recent evolution of this part of the Hindu Kush. From the lack of both systematic overprinting-relationships and spatial trend (the two tensors were obtained at different locations) we conclude that in each location any of these two shortening directions can dominate Heterogeneously distributed extension is found in some places and is likely due to local conditions These paleostress tensors substantiate a transpressional regime due to far-field Himalayan compression and document the long-term background of the seismogenic deformation in this region.
ISSN: 0743-9547

hal-00496459
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00496459
DOI : 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.01.004