Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 0003-4975

hal-01563338
http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01563338
DOI : 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.093
PUBMED : 27262916

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Aims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery.
ISSN: 0959-8049

hal-01666517
https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01666517
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.024

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The presence of obstacles met in natural environment by the flow, influences the dispersion of air pollutants which it carries. This thesis, based on spatiotemporal micro-meteorological measurements in tropical region, aims at studying the dispersion of compounds emitted by the ecosystem mangrove according to the weather conditions. At a daily scale, the meteorological analysis reveals, besides the presence of Trade Winds, the existence of thermal flows of which nocturnal thermodynamic parameters have been defined. The field observation has shown that the weak intensity of the wind disadvantages the dispersion of compounds emitted during the night. At a finer scale, the existence of a spectral gap separating large scale phenomena of those related to turbulence has been demonstrated. These last ones were treated by spectral and statistical approaches to quantify the turbulent fluxes of momentum and sensible heat during the night, for an averaged duration of 13 minutes. The stratification of the surface layer has been considered and determined by Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The measurements acquired at night and the application of Kolmogorov theory allowed us to deduct the dissipation rate of energy and the size of the vortices at 5.5 meters in height. This work has also led us, by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, to identify, in mangrove, sulphurated volatil organic compounds, organohalogen, BTEX, ... All these results will later serve to feed dispersion models related to the studied ecosystem.
La présence d'obstacles rencontrés en milieu naturel par l'écoulement, influence la dispersion des polluants qu'il transporte. Cette thèse, fondée sur des mesures micro-météorologiques spatio-temporelles en région tropicale, vise à étudier la dispersion de composés émis par l'écosystème mangrove en fonction des conditions météorologiques. A l'échelle journalière, l'analyse météorologique révèle, outre la présence des Alizés, l'existence d'écoulements thermiques dont des paramètres thermodynamiques nocturnes ont été définis. L'observation terrain nous a montré que la faible intensité du vent défavorise la dispersion des composés émis durant la nuit. A une échelle plus fine, l'existence d'un trou spectral séparant les phénomènes de grande échelle de ceux liés à la turbulence a été mise en évidence. Ces derniers ont été traités par des approches spectrale et statistique pour quantifier les flux turbulents de quantité de mouvement et de chaleur sensible, pendant la nuit, pour une durée de moyenne de l'ordre de 13 minutes. L'état de stratification de la couche de surface a été pris en compte et déterminé par la théorie de similitude de Monin-Obukhov. Les mesures nocturnes effectuées et l'application de la théorie de Kolmogorov ont permis de déduire les taux de dissipation de l'énergie et la taille des tourbillons à 5,5 m d'altitude. Ce travail a également conduit, par l'analyse chromatographique en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, à l'identification, en mangrove, de composés organiques volatils soufrés, des organohalogénés, des BTEX, ... L'ensemble de ces résultats servira ultérieurement à alimenter les modèles de dispersion spécifiques liés aux écosystèmes étudiés.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665882

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
NNT : 11AGUY0438
tel-00665882
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665882
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665882/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665882/file/ThA_seCdAlexis.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Two peat sequences were sampled in the vicinity of the main mining districts of the Vosges Mountains: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and Plancher-les-Mines. Lead isotopic compositions and excess lead fluxes were calculated for each of these radiocarbon-dated sequences. Geochemical records are in very good agreement with the mining history of the area, well known over the last millennium. Except for an anomaly corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age which has not yet been resolved, there is no clear geochemical evidence of local metal production in the Vosges before the 10th century as excess lead deposition archived between 500 BC and 500 AD is attributed to long-range transport of polluted particulate matter. The approach described here can be applied to other mining districts where archaeological evidence is scarce or even lacking, but where past exploitation is suspected.
ISSN: 0375-6742

hal-00512409
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00512409
DOI : 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.05.004

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : In the context of an ongoing monitoring study on the impacts of gold-mining activities on critical ecosystem processes, we explored the use of soil Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA) and Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) as ecosystem indicators in tropical rainforests of French Guiana. We also propose DEA/SIR ratio as ecosystem attribute able to describe the state of an ecosystem and to reflect changes in ecological processes. With this purpose, we measured SIR, DEA and DEA/SIR ratio in five gold-mining areas and five surrounding natural reference rainforests. We also measured indicators in two conditions of spontaneous regeneration of vegetation (stratified or not) and two conditions of soil rehabilitation (prior preparation of soils or not). We showed a high variability of DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio in the natural reference forests. This pointed out the necessity to identify relevant reference systems - i.e. proving a close match in all relevant ecological dimensions - to compare with closed perturbed systems in order to assess the levels of alterations after disturbances. Results showed a high impact of gold mine on microbial processes with a strong decrease of DEA (10-fold lower), SIR (2-fold lower) and DEA/SIR ratio (8-fold lower) in perturbed areas in comparison with natural reference forests. The type of spontaneous vegetation (stratified or not) influenced the values of indicators as well as prior rehabilitation of soils, demonstrating the capacity of DEA. SIR and DEA/SIR ratio to respond in proportion to the perturbation (robustness) and to the different levels of restoration (sensitivity). The systematic decrease of the ratio DEA/SIR observed in the studied perturbed situations demonstrates clearly that the structure of microbial communities has been also modified. The ratio DEA/SIR proved to be robust and sensitive, and able to describe in fairly fine way changes of soil microbial communities in terms of structure and function in gold mine areas and during processes of restoration. We propose to use DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio as bioindicators of both structural and functional aspects of C and N cycling in soils. Together with others bioindicators based on key supporting functions in soils, these indicators should accurately evaluate the ecological potential of natural ecosystems and the levels of degradation in case of land-use changes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1470-160X

hal-01190730
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190730
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.021
PRODINRA : 213639