Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Dudley et al. [9] commented on our paper [11], arguing that the current IUCN objective-based categorization ofprotected areas, which is also used in marine protected areas (MPAs), should not be abandoned and replaced bythe new regulation-based classification system [11]. Here we clarify that we do not advocate replacing thecurrent IUCN categories, but highlight the benefits of using both the objective-based IUCN categories and thenew regulation-based classification when applied to MPAs. With an increasing number of MPA types beingimplemented, most of them multiple-use areas zoned for various purposes, assessing ecological and socioeconomicbenefits is key for advancing conservation targets and policy objectives. Although the IUCN categoriescan be used both in terrestrial and marine systems, they were not designed to follow a gradient of impacts andthere is often a mismatch between stated objectives and implemented regulations. The new regulation-basedclassification system addresses these problems by linking impacts of activities in marine systems with MPA andzone classes in a simple and globally applicable way. Applying both the IUCN categories and the regulationbasedclasses will increase transparency when assessing marine conservation goals.
ISSN: 0308-597X

hal-01469541
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01469541
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.025

Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington, D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
2009208704
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
2009208704
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington, D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
2009208704
1017-3439

Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

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Éditeur(s) : Sage Publications
Résumé : It is becoming increasingly clear that humans impact marine ecosystems and their biodiversity to a very considerate degree, and evidence of the scale of impact is growing. An enabling factor for this has been a change in focus from local-level studies to increased emphasis on meta-analysis of global or regional-level analysis of fisheries' impact, Results include the facts that the world's total fish catches have been decreasing over the last decade or more; that larger, predatory fishes (table fish) are becoming increasingly scarcer; and that we are appropriating the ocean shelves' primary productivity to the same level as we are for terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystems are being eroded in countries throughout the world, and though one might get the impression from the IUCN Red List that it is mainly a developed-country problem, it is alarming that the impact of severe overfishing may be on an even larger scale for developing countries. We describe aspects of the risks overfishing poses to marine ecosystems, and point out how ecosystem approaches to fisheries can be used to evaluate the potential impact of alternative fishing policy scenarios.
Il devient de plus en plus clair que les activités humaines altèrent les écosystèmes marins et leur biodiversité à un degré considérable, et les preures de l'échelle des impacts anthropiques s'accumulent. Un des facteurs déterminants de cette prise de conscience réside dans le changement d'échelle des études de l'impact des pêches qui sont passées d'un niveau local à un niveau global ou régional au travers d'études de type méta-analyse. Les résultats obtenus les plus évocateurs incluent le fait que la totalité des captures mondiales de poissons a diminué pendant la dernière décennie ou plus; que les grands prédateurs (l'essentiel des poissons "de table") deviennent de plus en plus rares; et que nous nous approprions la productivité primaire des plateaux continentaux au même titre que nous nous sommes appropriés celle des écosystèmes terrestres. Les écosystèmes sont érodés dans les pays du monde entier, et bien que la liste rouge de l'IUCN laisse penser que c'est principalement le problème des pays développés, il est alarmant de constater que l'impact de la surpêche excessive pourrait être une échelle bien plus grande encore pour les pays en voie de développement. Nous décrivons certains aspects des risques que pose la surpêche pour les écosystèmes marins, et mettons en exergue comment l'approche écosystémique des pêches peut être employée pour évaluer l'impact potentiel de scénarios alternatifs de règlementation des pêches.
Social Science Information (0539-0184) (Sage Publications), 2007-03 , Vol. 46 , N. 1 , P. 67-86

Droits : 2007 Sage Publications
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6123.pdf
DOI:10.1177/0539018407073656
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6123/

Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
2009208704
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
2009208704
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington, D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

35841617
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Éditeur(s) : IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group IUCN/SSC Sirenia Specialist Group ( Washington D.C, Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Additional Physical Form) Also issued via the World Wide Web.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) No. 1 (Apr. 1984)-
(Issuing Body) Supported 1984-Apr. 1992 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; Oct. 1992 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission & U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Apr. 1993-Oct. 1994 by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission; - by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and Sea World, Inc.
Title from caption.
Latest issue consulted: No. 48 (Oct. 2007).

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