Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)
Résumé : International audience
The scientific literature about AIDS and physical exercise has been traditionally dominated by biomedical approaches. The first studies which were published in the beginning of the nineties focused mainly on the transmission risks of the virus during sports. Later studies were concerned with the physiological logics of the exercise on HIV-positive persons. Since the end of the nineties the therapeutic progress contributed to envisage sport as a way to mediate the side effects of medical treatments. However the present review highlights a serious gap in the literature on Sport and HIV using a sociological point of view. The authors of this article argue that the time has come to consider sociological data linked to the experiences of HIV/AIDS in order to understand the difficulties and barriers that seropositive persons have to face when participating in sport.
ISSN: 1579-1726

hal-01681888
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681888

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses université de Laval
Résumé : International audience
This article aims to specify the challenges related to adapting the Disability Creation Process (DCP) model to the experience of chronic disease, specifically Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this perspective, a conceptual clarification is proposed because the DCP is mainly used to study populations in situations of disability due to motor, sensory, mental or behavioral disabilities. However, this model seems to be able to adequately read the specific experience of HIV, and help to understand differently life trajec-tories of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Indeed, HIV infection, despite its status as a "chronic disease", continues to contribute to the risk of social isolation. Body modifications induced by the disease or its treatment has an impact on how others view PLHIV. They expose the visibility of HIV status and, ultimately, the fear of social exclusion. In this respect, the analysis of the DCP may allow us to understand the varia-tions in the quality of social participation and identify the phases of vulnerability by focusing on body image in particular induced by the infection or treatments. This approach provides the opportunity for new insight into the influence of social environments (particularly health management or community support) with re-gards to the lifestyle and the daily experiences of socially disadvantaged people.
Cet article tente de spécifier les enjeux d’une adaptation du modèle du Processus de production du handicap (PPH) au vécu de la maladie chronique, et plus spécifiquement du virus de l’immunodéfi-cience humaine (VIH). Dans cette perspective, un éclaircissement conceptuel est proposé, car le PPH a principalement été utilisé pour étudier les populations vivant des situations de handicap liées à des incapa-cités motrices, sensorielles, intellectuelles ou comportementales. Ce modèle semble toutefois en mesure de renouveler la lecture de l’expérience spécifique du VIH, et d’aider à saisir autrement les trajectoires de vie des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). En effet, l’infection au VIH, malgré son statut de « maladie chronique », demeure associée à un risque d’isolement social. Les modifications corporelles induites par la maladie ou par son traitement confronte les PVVIH au regard de l’autre. Elles exposent à la visibilité du statut sérologique et, in fine, à la peur de l’exclusion sociale. Dans ce cadre, l’analyse du Processus de production du handicap peut permettre de comprendre les variations de la qualité de la participation sociale et d’identifier les phases de vulnérabilité en s’intéressant notamment au rapport au corps induit par l’infection et les traitements. Cette approche offre l’opportunité d’un nouvel éclairage sur le poids des envi-ronnements sociaux (notamment des dispositifs de prises en charge sanitaire ou d’accompagnement communautaire) sur les habitudes de vie et l’expérience quotidienne d’un public fragilisé socialement.
ISSN: 1499-5549

hal-01681423
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01681423

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Although widely used, area-based deprivation indices remain sensitive to urban-rural differences as such indices are usually standardised around typical urban values. There is, therefore, a need to determine to what extent available deprivation indices can be used legitimately over both urban and rural areas. METHODS: This study was carried out in Brittany, France, a relatively affluent region that contains deep rural areas. Among the 1,736 residential census block groups (IRIS) composing the Brittany region, 1,005 (57.9%) are rural. Four deprivation indices were calculated: two scores (Carstairs and Townsend) developed in the UK and two more recent French measures (Havard and Rey). Two standardisation levels were considered: all of the IRIS and only the urban IRIS of the region. Internal validity (Kappa coefficients and entropy values) and external validity (relationship with colorectal cancer screening [CCS] attendance) were investigated. RESULTS: Regardless of the deprivation measure used, wealthy areas are mostly clustered in the West and at the outskirts of major towns. Carstairs and Rey scores stand out by all evaluation criteria, capturing both urban and rural deprivation. High levels of agreements were found across standardisation levels (κ = 0.96). The distributions of deprivation scores were balanced across urban and rural areas, and high Shannon entropy values were observed in the capital city (≥0.93). Similar and significant negative trends were observed between CCS attendance and both deprivation indices, independent of the degree of urbanisation. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide support, despite potential sociological objections, for the use of a compromise index that would facilitate comparisons and interpretations across urban and rural locations in public health research.
ISSN: 1476-072X

hal-01063904
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01063904/file/1476-072X-13-22.pdf
PUBMED : 24929662