Manioc : Portail | resultats 1 - 20 pour la recherche: Ruiz, Gérard

Histoire militaire de la révolution de Saint-Domingue
Auteur(s) : Poyen-Bellisle, Henry de (1839-....)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Máximo Gómez
Auteur(s) : Infiesta, Ramón
Auteurs secondaires : Academia de la Historia de Cuba
Année de publication :

| Plus

L'Oyapoc et l'Amazone : question brésilienne et française. Tome second
Auteur(s) : Da Silva, Joaquim Caetano (1810-1873)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Le pacte de famille et l'Amérique : la politique coloniale franco-espagnole de 1760 à 1792
Auteur(s) : Renaut d'Oultre-Seille, Francis-Paul (1893-19..)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Flora brasiliensis : enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas. Volumen VIII, Pars I
Auteur(s) : Fresenius, Georg (1808-1866) Schmidt, Johann Anton (1823-1905) Hanstein, Johannes Ludwig Emil Robert von (1822-1880)
Auteurs secondaires : Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von (1794-1868) Eichler, August Wilhelm (1837-1887) Urban, Ignaz (1848-1931)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Flore phanérogamique des Antilles françaises : Martinique et Guadeloupe
Auteur(s) : Duss, Antoine (1840-1924)
Auteurs secondaires : Heckel, Edouard Marie (1843-1916)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Flora brasiliensis : enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum quas suis aliorumque botanicorum studiis descriptas et methodo naturali digestas partim icone illustratas. Volumen III, Pars V, Orchidaceae : Tribus VII, Laeliinae, Tribus VIII, Sobraliinae, Tribus IX, Phajinae, Tribus X, Cyrtopodiinae, Tribus XI, Catasetinae, Tribus XII, Lycastinae, Tribus XIII, Gongorinae, Tribus XIV, Zygopetalinae, Tribus XV, Bulbophyllinae, Tribus XVI, Cymbidiinae, Tribus XVII, Steniinae
Auteur(s) : Cogniaux, Alfred (1841-1916)
Auteurs secondaires : Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von (1794-1868) Eichler, August Wilhelm (1837-1887) Urban, Ignaz (1848-1931)
Année de publication :

| Plus

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.
Auteur(s) : Klionsky, Daniel J Abdalla, Fabio C Abeliovich, Hagai Abraham, Robert T Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham Adeli, Khosrow Agholme, Lotta Agnello, Maria
Auteurs secondaires : Molecular and Cellular Biology ; University of Leuven Laboratoire d'Epigénétique et Cancer ; CNRS - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11) Department of Pharmacology ; Department of Pharmacology Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques ; INSERM - Institut Pasteur de Paris Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) ; CNRS - Université de Franche-Comté - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine ; Telethon Institute Medical Genetics ; Federico II University Department of Molecular and Human Genetics ; Baylor College of Medicine

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

| Plus