Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The distribution and behaviour of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and phosphate) have been examined over the course of a year in two major Scottish estuaries, the Forth and Tay. Maximum concentrations of nitrate and silicate in both estuaries occur in winter, when mixing is conservative. By contrast maximum phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations (notably in the Forth) are observed in summer, these are related to lower oxygen concentrations both within the water column and sediments. Phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations are high in the Forth relative to the Tay. Phosphate behaviour in plots for both estuaries show some common features including removal at low salinity, mid estuary inputs and simple dilution at high salinity. The results are interpreted on the basis of removal onto particles at low salinity followed by desorption at higher salinity together with an input from sediment porewaters. In the Forth the phosphate flux from sediments during the summer is estimated to be 1.98 +/- 1.25 mmol m-2 day-1. At this time the river input of phosphorus is only 10- 14 % of the mid estuary input. Under low river flow conditions in summer a large turbidity maximum (400-500 mg l-1 suspended solids) develops in the Forth estuary and this results in removal of phosphate. Removal is less dramatic in the Tay estuary as the turbidity is wind generated and therefore rarely exceeds 100 mg 1-1. Water quality in the Forth (as defined by the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen concentrations and the presence of species such as ammonia and nitrite) is inferior to that of the Tay. Relative to contaminated estuaries however concentrations in both estuaries are low. By virtue of its high fresh water discharge the Tay is a more significant source of nitrate to the North Sea during the winter than is the Forth. In the Forth bacterial mineralisation and nitrification of organic nitrogen occurs in the upper estuary, this results in an input of nitrate and consumption of dissolved oxygen. Further downstream broad mid estuarine peaks of nitrite and ammonia are observed indicative of a benthic source. Estimates of this source for ammonia and nitrite are 19-44 and 3.9-8.1 mmol m-2 day-1 respectively. In winter the main source of nitrogen to the Forth is from the river but in summer mid estuarine sources dominate. In the outer Tay a peak in dissolved ammonia is estimated to represent an input of 0.5-1.1 tonnes N day-1, this is attributed to sewer inputs from Dundee.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1992 , Vol. 15 , N. 3 , P. 261-277

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/18779.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
Previous studies in lowland tropical rainforests of French Guiana showed that, among non-N2-fixing trees, two groups of late successional species contrasting in their leaf 15N natural abundance coexist, suggesting two different main ways of nitrogen acquisition. Two abundant late-successional species typically co-occurring in rainforests in French Guiana, namely Eperua falcata and Dicorynia guianensis, were chosen as representative of each group. Stable isotope techniques and measurements of potentials of microbial N transformation were performed to assess to what extent leaf 15N natural abundance of these species could be related to (i) d15N signatures of soil mineral N sources and (ii) the capacity of soil to express nitrification and denitrification (both processes being directly involved in the balance between NH4 + and NO3 - ). Soil d15N-NH4 + was roughly similar to leaf d15N of D. guianensis (around 3.5%), suggesting a preferential use of NH4 +, whereas in E. falcata, leaf d15N values were closer to root d15N-NO3 _ values (0.2 and _2.0%, respectively), suggesting a preferential use of NO3 _. These differences in N source utilization were not accompanied by differences in availability in soil NO3 _ or in intensity of microbial functions responsible for soil N mineral evolution. However, (i) under both tree species, these functions showed clear spatial partitioning, with denitrification occurring potentially in soil and nitrification in the litter layer, and (ii) E. falcata fine roots colonized the litter layer much more strongly than D. guianensis fine roots. This strongly suggests that (i) the contrasted leaf d15N values found in the two late-successional species reveal distinct N acquisition strategies and (ii) the ability of roots to predominantly exploit the litter layer (E. falcata) or the soil (D. guianensis) may constitute an important explanation of the observed differences. A complementarity between tree species, based on mineral N resource partitioning (itself resulting from a spatially structured location of the microbial functions responsible for the balance between NH4 + and NO3 - ), can thus be supposed.
ISSN: 0038-0717

hal-01032035
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032035
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.011

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : Alexandrium tamarense (M. Lebour) Balech strains isolated in spring 2007 from a single bloom in Thau lagoon have been grown in nonaxenic artificial media. For three strains showing large oscillations in biomass (crashes followed by recoveries) on a scale of several days, a significant relationship was observed between changes in cell densities (as in vivo fluorescence) and changes in nitrate concentrations. Increases in cell densities were accompanied by decreases in nitrate, while decreases in cell densities corresponded to increases in nitrate, presumably due to nitrification. Net increases in nitrate could reach up to 15 mu mol N . L(-1) . d(-1) indicating a very active nitrifying archaeal/bacterial population. However, following population crashes, algal cells can recover and attain biomass levels similar to those reached during the first growth phase. This finding indicates that those archaea/bacteria do not compete for nutrients or do not hamper algal growth under those conditions. In contrast to diatoms, dinoflagellates such as A. tamarense do not excrete/exude dissolved organic matter, thus preventing excessive bacterial growth. This mechanism could help explain the recovery of this species in the presence of bacteria.
Journal Of Phycology (0022-3646) (Wiley-blackwell), 2011-10 , Vol. 47 , N. 5 , P. 1057-1062

Droits : 2011 Phycological Society of America
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00049/16046/13585.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01031.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00049/16046/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diplôme : DEA
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
En forêt tropicale humide les espèces arborées ont des stratégies différentes d'acquisition de l'azote : les espèces fixatrices utilisent l'azote atmosphérique N2 de l'air. Il existe des espèces à préférence à ammonium (NH+) ou à nitrate (NO3-), mais aussi des espèces ubiquistes se nourrissant des deux sources d'azote du sol. L'objectif de ce travail était de déterminer si ces stratégies différentes étaient intrinsèques à l'espèce ou si elles étaient conditionnées par le milieu du fait des compétitions intra et/ou interspécifiques. Nous avons étudié la nutrition azotée d'une vingtaine d'espèces d'arbres juvéniles élevés en pot sur sol de forêt en conditions semi-contrôlées (20% d'éclairement). Deux méthodes ont été utilisées : la mesure de l'activité nitrate réductase in vivo après induction par pulvérisation de nitrate sur les feuilles et la signature isotopique naturelle δ15N. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la majorité des plantes en serre sembleraient capable d'utiliser l'une ou l'autre des deux sources avec une forte plasticité vis-à-vis de l'azote. Quelques espèces cependant n'utiliseraient que l'ammonium comme source d'azote malgré le milieu limitant, bien qu'ayant une activité nitrate reductase potentielle, traduisant une capacité non exploitée à assimiler le nitrate, les plantes fixatrices, elles, sembleraient avoir accès aux deux sources d'azote du sol. En utilisant des traits d'héliophile peu de liens ont été observés avec le tempérament des espèces vis-à-vis de la lumière. Des mesures complémentaires sous différents éclairements (5, 10 et 30%) seraient nécessaires pour conclure sur ce sujet. Les différences de nutrition observées dans le milieu naturel seraient dues aux conditions du milieu même si indirectement il se pourrait que la plante ait le pouvoir d'influencer le choix de la source en inhibant la nitrification au niveau rhizosphérique par le biais d'exsudats racinaires.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189235

hal-01189235
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189235
PRODINRA : 17890

Éditeur(s) : Paris : A. Challamel
Résumé : Bulletin du jardin colonial et des jardins d'essai des colonies françaises : année 1905
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA11276
FRA11276

Éditeur(s) : [S.l.] : [s.n.]
Résumé : article sur "Le suc digestif de la carica papaya"
T. II, n°32

Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Communauté d'agglomération de La Rochelle. Médiathèque Michel-Crépeau
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/MMC16118-9
MMC16118-9

Éditeur(s) : [S.l.] : Delagrave
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/HASH010d08988893e8073d1ea073
HASH010d08988893e8073d1ea073

Éditeur(s) : Fort-de-France : Imprimerie du Gouvernement
Extrait de : Bulletin agricole
Résumé : Revue sur l'agriculture tropicale
Vol. VII - n° 3 & 4, décembre 1938
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Provenance : Fondation Clément
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FCL18030
FCL18030

Éditeur(s) : Paris : H. Dunod et E. Pinat
Extrait de : Bibliothèque pratique du colon. Agriculture, industrie, commerce
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Guyane. Bibliothèque Alexandre-Franconie
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/FRA12338
FRA12338

Éditeur(s) : Paris : Challamel
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Collectivité territoriale de Martinique. Bibliothèque Schoelcher
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/SCH13267
SCH13267

Éditeur(s) : Melun : Imprimerie administrative
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 20
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Archives territoriales de Guyane
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/GAD12026
GAD12026