Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The suspended matter transported by the Orinoco to the Orinoco delta originates mainly in the Colombian Andes. The four clayey minerals (kaolinite, chlorite, illite and smectite) are always present in the deltaic suspensions, the delta deposits and the gulf of Paria. Illite contents are always dominant except in those regions of the gulf of Paria situated far from the mouths of the Orinoco tributaries characterized by smectites. In the delta, illite contents which are minimal during the dry season increase noticeably during the wet season which is marked by a high Liquid and particulate matter discharge. In the delta, the clay mineralogy of the substrate is comparable to that of dry season suspensions (February), thus showing a sedimentation composed of particulate matter carried by the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. In the wet season, the high liquid and particulate discharges circulate through the delta, then enter and disperse in the Caribbean Sea and the near Atlantic. The clay mineralogy described in the gulf of Paria show that this allochthonous participation of the Amazon in the deltaic sedimentation of the Orinoco is much more pronounced there. In this region, the spatial variations in illite content show this mineral to be a good marker for circulation.
Oceanolica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1997 , Vol. 20 , N. 6 , P. 799-809

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00093/20435/18102.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00093/20435/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The three main sources of organic matter in oceanic basins are marine plankton, terrestrial higher plants and undifferentiated residual organic matter which has been highly degraded in subaerial environments. The time and areal distribution of marine organic matter is mainly controlled by the conditions of preservation. In deep oceans accumulation occurs mainly in confined anoxic basins, and also in open ocean, where local conditions generate a surplus of supply over bacterial degradation. Moderately degraded terrestrial organic matter is derived from land plants and carried away by rivers and currents. It is mainly deposited in sediments of the river fans. Residual organic matter has been highly degraded in subaerial conditions prior to transportation, and may consist of contemporaneous and/or recycled material. It cannot be degraded any more and may be spread over wide areas, regardless of the local environments.
Oceanologica Acta, Special issue (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00246/35680/34188.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00246/35680/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1982 , Vol. 5 , N. 4 , P. 465-472

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23186/21031.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23186/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : This review addresses the problem of recently introduced plants in the Mediterranean in order to analyse their vectors, the dispersal processes and the possible ecological and economic consequences. Ninety-five cases (94 macroscopic algae and one seagrass) are listed and discussed. Three major routes of access into the Mediterranean are indicated: shipping, the Suez canal and aqua-culture. The recent introduction of Caulerpa taxifolia along our coasts has called attention to a new potential source: aquaria. Among the successful acclimatizations, cold-temperate Pacific and Atlantic species remain confined to the north of the Mediterranean (Gulf of Lions, Adriatic), whereas some tropical or sub-tropical plants colonize large areas. Some introduced algae proliferate to the detriment of the indigenous Mediterranean vegetation. In contrast with some terrestrial introductions, no population crash has been observed in the Mediterranean, although some notable fluctuations seem to occur in coastal lagoons. From an economic point of view, the two activities most affected by this phenomenon are aquaculture and fishing. With the gradual disappearance of European frontiers, the worldwide development of marine cultures and the multiplication of giant Seaworlds, the transfer of live marine organisms will become routine and the risk of new introductions will considerably increase in the Mediterranean. Only international legislation, established by the countries of the littoral, will be able to control these problems.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1994 , Vol. 17 , N. 1 , P. 1-23

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20879/18493.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00098/20879/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-villars
Résumé : Seismic, Seabeam, magnetic and gravimetrie surveys in the southern part of the N-Fiji basin were conducted during the SEAPSO LEG III Cruise. The active spreading axis was recognized between 17°30'S and 21°S. It consists of a continuous N-S Ridge cross-cut by transverse directions oriented N25 and N45. North of 17°30'S, the spreading System is more complex due to the existence of a possible triple junction located around 15° S. The eastern part of the N-Fiji basin, west of Viti Levu is mostly characterized by alternating highs and deeps (<4,000 m). This area must be regarded no more as a spreading center, but as complex boundary suffering transverse tectonics.
La mission SEAPSO III a permis de localiser une zone d'accrétion active, d'orientation méridienne et pratiquement continue entre 17°30'S et 21° S. Des accidents transverses, qui encadrent ou recoupent cette dorsale, s'orientent autour de deux directions principales N25 et N45. Au Nord de 17 30'S le système d'accrétion, beaucoup plus complexe, annonce la triple jonction reconnue aux alentours de 15" S. La partie orientale du bassin Nord-Fidjien (à l'Ouest de l'île de Viti Levu) est caractérisée par l'alternance de zones hautes et de dépressions dont certaines dépassent 4000 m de profondeur. Il s'agit d'une zone complexe de déformations liées à des accidents cisaillants transverses.
Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II (1251-8069) (Gauthier-villars), 1986-06 , Vol. 303 , N. 1 , P. 93-98

Droits : Académie des Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00184/29492/27835.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00184/29492/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The distribution and behaviour of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, silicate and phosphate) have been examined over the course of a year in two major Scottish estuaries, the Forth and Tay. Maximum concentrations of nitrate and silicate in both estuaries occur in winter, when mixing is conservative. By contrast maximum phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations (notably in the Forth) are observed in summer, these are related to lower oxygen concentrations both within the water column and sediments. Phosphate, ammonia and nitrite concentrations are high in the Forth relative to the Tay. Phosphate behaviour in plots for both estuaries show some common features including removal at low salinity, mid estuary inputs and simple dilution at high salinity. The results are interpreted on the basis of removal onto particles at low salinity followed by desorption at higher salinity together with an input from sediment porewaters. In the Forth the phosphate flux from sediments during the summer is estimated to be 1.98 +/- 1.25 mmol m-2 day-1. At this time the river input of phosphorus is only 10- 14 % of the mid estuary input. Under low river flow conditions in summer a large turbidity maximum (400-500 mg l-1 suspended solids) develops in the Forth estuary and this results in removal of phosphate. Removal is less dramatic in the Tay estuary as the turbidity is wind generated and therefore rarely exceeds 100 mg 1-1. Water quality in the Forth (as defined by the occurrence of low dissolved oxygen concentrations and the presence of species such as ammonia and nitrite) is inferior to that of the Tay. Relative to contaminated estuaries however concentrations in both estuaries are low. By virtue of its high fresh water discharge the Tay is a more significant source of nitrate to the North Sea during the winter than is the Forth. In the Forth bacterial mineralisation and nitrification of organic nitrogen occurs in the upper estuary, this results in an input of nitrate and consumption of dissolved oxygen. Further downstream broad mid estuarine peaks of nitrite and ammonia are observed indicative of a benthic source. Estimates of this source for ammonia and nitrite are 19-44 and 3.9-8.1 mmol m-2 day-1 respectively. In winter the main source of nitrogen to the Forth is from the river but in summer mid estuarine sources dominate. In the outer Tay a peak in dissolved ammonia is estimated to represent an input of 0.5-1.1 tonnes N day-1, this is attributed to sewer inputs from Dundee.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1992 , Vol. 15 , N. 3 , P. 261-277

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/18779.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00100/21160/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : During Leg 66 eight sites were drilled to form a transect across the Middle America Trench off southwestern Mexico. Cores from these sites show that accretion began approximately 10 MY ago and has continued to the present. Accretion began with offscraping followed by a 2- to 4- MY episode of folding and faulting with uplift rates of 400-500 m/MY; uplift then slowed to 100-200 m/MY, and seismically resolved deformation ceased as the wedge appeared to rise evenly. Approximately 33% of the sediment flux input into the subduction zone, mainly trench sand and slump deposits, is scraped off and incorporated into the toe of the lower slope; an additional 33% is initially subducted but then peeled off to underplate the accretionary wedge; the remaining 33% is subducted landward beneath the overhanging lip of continental crust. Although we find no direct evidence of tectonic erosion, the large amount of sediment subducted makes tectonic erosion feasible.
Oceanologica Acta, Special issue (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35668/34176.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35668/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Simple thermodynamics calculations are applied to processes of a rising plume within an environment of an upward directed gradient of viscosity in the uppermost mantle. Four stages of the development of passive margins are described. Following an initial regional uplift strong lateral movements are induced at asthenospheric levels, stretching the overlying lithosphere. In the second stage plume material also enters the low viscosity lower crust, replacing continental material and forming a new, higher crust-mantle boundary by gravitational differentiation. The inital phase lag between the laterally intruding plume material and the rest of the lithosphere disappears once the continent is rifted and sea floor spreading is established (= stage 3). Finally, at stage 4, quiet subsidence, controlled by contraction, sedimentation, and possible phase changes in the lower crust, is established. The sequence described is in accordance with many observations of geology and geophysics. Rising plumes and sinking slabs are considered equivalent expressions of the heat engine earth which determines global tectonics.
Oceanologica Acta, Special issue (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35658/34167.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35658/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981 , Vol. 4 , N. 3 , P. 375-387

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24206/22199.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24206/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-villars
Résumé : 70 hydrothermal sites were observed during the 23 dives of the French submersible Nautile (''Naudur'' cruise, December 1993), at 17-degrees-19-degrees-S on the East Pacific Rise. Large vent-animal communities are present around these sites. The zoological composition of these communities is the same as that of the communities at 11-degrees-13-degrees-N and 21-degrees-N on the East Pacific Rise. However, the distribution of the species on the sites is different from all the other hydrothermal communities; large anemone fields of several hundred square metres, associated with colonies of Bathymodiolus and Calyptogena, have been observed. Fresh lava areas seem to bear the most important biological activity.
70 sites hydrothermaux actifs ont été découverts lors des 23 plongées du submersible français Nautile (campagne « Naudur », décembre 1993) sur la dorsale Est Pacifique, entre 17°S et 19°S. D'importantes communautés animales leur sont associées, et bien que les animaux qui les constituent soient analogues à ceux observés sur cette même dorsale à 1 r-13°N et 21°N, les structures des peuplements sont différentes de celles connues par ailleurs. Des champs d'anémones et de bivalves (Bathymodiolus et Calyptogena) de plusieurs centaines de mètres carrés ont été observés (17°25'S). Les zones de laves les plus récentes paraissent les plus riches biologiquement
Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II (1251-8069) (Gauthier-villars), 1995-01 , Vol. 320 , N. 1 , P. 47-54

Droits : Académie des Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00183/29454/27856.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00183/29454/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1982 , Vol. 5 , N. 4 , P. 443-452

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23185/21030.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23185/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-villars
Résumé : The aim of the joint French-British CYAPORC submersible cruise was the exploration and sampling of the Porcupine and Goban Escarpments. A paleozoic mesozoic sedimentary cover has been evidenced abov ea caledonian or older cristalline basement on the Porcupine scarp. On the Goban scarp, the observed outcrops are mainly lower Cretaceous carbonates overlying paleozoic sandstones
La campagne de plongée franco-britannique CYAPORC avait pour objet l'exploration et l'échantillonnage des escarpements de Porcupine et de Goban. Sur l'escarpement de Porcupine au Nord, on a mis en évidence, au-dessus d'un socle cristallin calédonien ou plus ancien, une couverture sédimentaire paléozoïque puis mésozoïque. Sur l'escarpement de Goban, les affleurements observés sont des séries du Crétacé inférieur reposantsur des niveaux de grès paléozoïques.
Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II (1251-8069) (Gauthier-villars), 1987-04 , Vol. 304 , N. 16 , P. 1003-1008

Droits : Académie des Sciences
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00184/29489/27853.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00184/29489/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1990 , Vol. 13 , N. 1 , P. 121-125

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00103/21386/18986.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00103/21386/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : The Middle America Trench off Guatemala was transected by 24-channel seismic-reflection surveys, seismic-refraction surveys, and drilling with the Glomar Challanger . The drilling was doneat three sites on the oceanic Cocos plate and four sites on the Caribbean plate. These plates converge at about 10 cm/yr as indicated by global plate reconstruction. On the oceanic Cocos plate a basal chalk sequence of lower and middle Miocene age is overlain by a thin interval of abyssal clay. In contrast is the Cretaceous to lower Miocene claystone sequence recovered only at a site 3 km landward of the trench axis where drilling penetrated the hemipelagic slope deposits. A large amount of sediment along with ocean crust has been subducted during the present (Miocene to Quaternary) episode of subduction, and parts of the continental framework may have been subducted as well. No current tectonic model satisfactorily explains the surprising occurrence of Cretaceous to Miocene claystone at the foot of the continent.
Oceanologica Acta, Special issue (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35671/34179.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35671/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : Over 400,000 km of low level aeromagnetic data were collected by US Navy research organization over the Arctic Basin and Greenland-Norwegian Sea during the years 1972 to 1978. These data provide new constraints on the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of this vast region. Magnetic anomalies over continental fragments (Lomonosov Ridge and Chukchi Borderland) are irregular, with local short-wavelength features indicating relatively shallow basement. Sea-floor spreading between Scandinavia and Greenland commenced about 58 m.y.b.p. during the reversed period preceding anomaly 24. Spreading between the Lomonosov Ridge and Eurasia also began at this time or possibly somewhat earlier. An extinct spreading axis in the Canada Basin is indicated by gravity and magnetic data.
Oceanologica Acta, Special issue (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1981

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35663/34171.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00245/35663/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1984 , Vol. 7 , N. 3 , P. 345-358

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24217/22210.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24217/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1988-01 , Vol. 11 , N. 1 , P. 47-54

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00108/21883/19474.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00108/21883/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1982 , Vol. 5 , N. 1 , P. 97-104

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http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23199/21044.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00121/23199/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Résumé : In contrast to plants, predation on animals is usually lethal. Analysis of the effect of predation on animal populations and on predator-prey dynamics typically assumes this is the case. However, sublethal predation occurs in echinoderms, primarily on the arms of crinoids, asteroids, and ophiuroids. Sublethal predation is important in these echinoderms as it meets one of Harris' (1989) major criteria, affecting basic biological processes such as acquisition of food and allocation of nutrients to growth and reproduction. Sublethal predation would have an effect on their ecological role. It is essential to consider sublethal predation in the analysis of the life-histories of these species.
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1996 , Vol. 19 , N. 3-4 , P. 431-440

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00094/20499/18168.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00094/20499/

Éditeur(s) : Gauthier-Villars
Oceanologica Acta (0399-1784) (Gauthier-Villars), 1989-04 , Vol. 12 , N. 2 , P. 131-140

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24224/22217.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00131/24224/