Éditeur(s) : Dépost des cartes et plans de la marine ( Paris )
Résumé : Relief shown pictorially.
Hand colored.
(Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program.
(Statement of Responsibility) dressée au Dépost des cartes et plans de la marine ; pour le service des vaisseaux du roy ; par ordre de M. Berryer, ministre et secretaire d'Etat aiant le Départemente de marine ; par le S. Bellin, ingenieur de la marine, du Dépost des plans &c.
Grenada
Grenada

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54638067
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00077084/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :   Diplôme : Diplôme d'Ingénieur Agronome
il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : DISSERTATION
Dans le contexte international de gestion durable des forêts tropicales, l'Office National des Forêts développe l'aménagement forestier de la forêt domaniale du DOM de la Guyane Française. Une partie de cet effort d'aménagement est consacrée à l'intégration des usages de la forêt par les populations locales. C'est ainsi que la forêt aménagée de Counami, située sur la commune d'Iracoubo, a été retenue comme site expérimental pour mettre en place une gestion durable. L'intégration des populations a été initiée par notre étude qui vise à justifier cette prise en compte, identifier les usages et fournir des bases de réflexion sur leur place dans l'aménagement forestier. Tout d'abord, l'étude des systèmes d'activités des populations riveraines confirme l'importance sociale, économique et culturelle de la forêt pour une société soumise à la crise économique, à des tensions sociales liées à sa pluriethnicité, et à l'abandon progressif de ses repères culturels fondamentaux. Cette importance semble devoir perdurer et même se renforcer dans l'avenir, et il y a urgence à reconnaître cette contribution de la forêt à l'équilibre de la société guyanaise. Puis l'étude des modes d'utilisations des ressources forestières nous conduit à une description des pratiques de la chasse, de la pêche et de la cueillette. Nous montrons la grande diversité de produits collectés tout en constatant l'absence de règles concernant l'accès aux ressources et reconnues par toutes les communautés d'Iracoubo. Dans un contexte d'abandon des modalités de gestion traditionnelle des ressources et des produits, il faut craindre l'émergence de conflits entre communautés si la disponibilité des ressources vient à diminuer. Il apparaît alors nécessaire d'engager un réel dialogue entre le gestionnaire (ONF) des ressources et ses principaux utilisateurs, et ce, afin d'initier une implication des populations et des les responsabiliser dans la gestion de leurs ressources. Ceci devra passer par la création d'une instance de discussion paritaire entre les usagers et l'ONF, par la reconnaissance de zones d'importance usagère au sein des forêts de production, ainsi que par la mise en place de règles techniquement réalistes de réduction des impacts de l'exploitation forestière sur les ressources exploitées par les populations. Bien entendu, aucune solution simple n'existe et une réelle volonté d'écoute mutuelle et d'échanges de connaissances devra émerger entre l'ONF et des représentants des usagers. Se pose également le problème crucial de la définition de ce que nous entendrons par « zone usagère » : série de droits d'usages ou groupe usager pourraient être deux solutions envisageables, à moins que l'ensemble des massifs forestiers ne soient reconnus comme terres de droits d'usages collectifs puisqu'il n'y a pas forcément antagonisme entre exploitation forestière et usages des populations riveraines.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189482

hal-01189482
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01189482
PRODINRA : 41658

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a particularly severe disease characterized by a high rate of recurrence and death even after surgical resection. Molecular characterization of HCC helps refine prognosis and may facilitate the development of improved therapy. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases have recently been identified as cellular factors associated with cancer. Also, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIα (PI4KA) is necessary for the propagation of the hepatitis C virus, a major etiological factor for HCC. METHODS: Reverse transcription, quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay PI4KA mRNA. The expression levels were investigated both in a collection of molecularly and clinically characterized hepatic tissues from 344 patients with diverse liver diseases and in human hepatocyte cell lines whose proliferative and differentiation status was controlled by specific culture conditions. Analytical microarray data for 60 HCC and six normal liver tissue samples were exploited to study correlations between PI4KA mRNA levels and cell proliferation markers in vivo. Postoperative disease-specific survival and time to recurrence in a set of 214 patients with HCC were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: PI4KA mRNA was more abundant in HCC than normal healthy tissues. This upregulation correlated significantly with both poor differentiation and the active proliferation rate in HCC. These associations were confirmed with in vitro models. Moreover, patients with HCC who had been treated by surgical resection and had higher PI4KA mRNA concentrations in their tumor tissue exhibited a higher risk of tumor recurrence (median time: 20 months versus 49 months, P = 0.0012) and shorter disease-specific survival (first quartile time: 16 months versus 48 months, P = 0.0004). Finally, the abundance of PI4KA mRNA proved to be an independent prognostic marker of survival for cases of HCC (hazard ratio = 2.36, P = 0.0064). CONCLUSIONS: PI4KA mRNA could be used as a new molecular marker to improve established prognostic models for HCC. These findings also indicate possible new lines of research for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting PI4KA.
ISSN: 1471-2407

inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00934294/file/1471-2407-14-7.pdf
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2407-14-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society
Résumé : International audience
An integrated stratigraphic study was conducted on the shallow water carbonate platforms of the Guadeloupe archipelago to refine the tectonic evolution of the Lesser Antilles forearc. The carbonate platforms are now dated to the Zanclean-Calabrian interval, and their demise occurred between 1.5 and 1.07 Ma. The precise chronostratigraphy allows dating of the main extensional tectonic events since the late Miocene. An initial episode occurred during the late Miocene, related to the reactivation of inherited N130°E-trending shear zones, and led to the emergence of most parts of the forearc. Subsequently, Zanclean to early Piacenzian carbonate platforms developed in association with a general subsidence of the forearc. During the late Piacenzan, a second extensional episode occurred. At this time La Désirade underwent major uplift and emergence whereas most of the forearc remained submerged. Prior to 1.07 Ma, a third north-south extensional episode occurred and led to the final demise of the carbonate platforms. Thus the forearc was characterized by general subsidence since the early Pliocene interrupted by three main extensional episodes and related differential uplifts. This suggests that the Lesser Antilles subduction is probably erosive north of latitude 15°N since c. 5 Ma, related to aseismic ridge subduction.
ISSN: 0016-7649

hal-01053696
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01053696
DOI : 10.1144/jgs2013-005