Éditeur(s) :
HAL CCSD Résumé : International audience
Energy is a critical enabler. In tropical countries, access to modern electricity is vital to reducing poverty and improving health, increasing productivity and promoting economic growth. However, the International Energy Agency reported in 2015 more than 1.2 billion people still did not have access to electricity in 2013, around 80% of them live in developing and tropical countries. Then, the same agency report also in 2016 around 6.5 million premature deaths each year can be attributed to air pollution. Therefore, it is time to support appropriate renewable energy developments, particularly the river hydrokinetic developments seems to be a better solution in tropics because of large and powerful rivers in these areas.In French Guiana, 35% of the inland populations are still not connected to the electrical grid (Région Guyane, 2012). This could be ascribed to the fact that extending grid wires hundreds of kilometers through difficult terrain and thick jungles just to serve a small remote village is economically unviable initiative (Ajan et al., 2003; Anyi et al., 2010). As an alternative, French Guiana and most of the tropical countries resort to diesel-powered generators which requires significant imports of expensive fuel, difficult to bring into remote areas (Région Guyane, 2012).This works proposes guidelines to estimate river hydrokinetic fluxes in the vicinity of remote communities in tropics. The method is applied to identify and characterise potential sites along an important reach of the Maroni river in French Guiana. First, a novel method to carry out river terrain elevation model is presented and some results about the Maroni river are reported. It begins from how to conduct ADCP survey, which corrections on them should be made and ends up by interpolating bathymetry over curvilinear profiles which handle the flow lines. That approach involves how mutli-source data (sparse ADCP-cross profiles, incomplete LiDAR tiles and hydroligic data) are merged and combined to estimate local cross section shape, maximum water depth and carry out cross profile in ungauged sites.This is followed by a deep characterisation about time-evolution of hydrokinetic fluxes field in the areas of interest by implementation of a full 2D hydrodynamic model (TELEMAC2D) over an important reach of the Maroni river. To optimise computational cost, river sections outside the areas of interest are modelled as a porous media where only the flows variables up and down stream must fulfil the field data.
CAS
Deshaies, Guadeloupe
hal-01514240
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01514240 
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