Éditeur(s) : A. W. Gardner A. W. Gardner ( Kingston, Jamaica )
Résumé : Ingested from copy on HathiTrust http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008585237
(Biographical) Herbert Theodore Thomas was born 6 June 1856 in Jamaica, and died in 1930. Author of Untrodden Jamaica (1890; http://www.dloc.com/AA00020116/ ) & The story of a West Indian Policeman-47 years in the Jamaica Constabulary (1927; http://www.dloc.com/AA00010421/ ).

Droits : See http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008585237
671599573
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00020116/00001

Éditeur(s) : Thomas? Thomas? ( Kingston, Jamaica )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) by Herbert T. Thomas.
(Biographical) Herbert Theodore Thomas was born 6 June 1856 in Jamaica, and died in 1930. Author of Untrodden Jamaica (1890; http://www.dloc.com/AA00020116/ ) & The story of a West Indian Policeman-47 years in the Jamaica Constabulary (1927; http://www.dloc.com/AA00010421/ ).
Jamaica
Jamaica
Jamaica
Jamaica

Droits : Per Internet Archive posting (http://archive.org/details/TheStoryOfAWestIndianPoliceman) this text is in the Public Domain.
24201661
ocm24201661
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00010421/00001

Éditeur(s) : Herbert T. Thomas Herbert T. Thomas ( Kingston, Jamaica )
Résumé : (Biographical) Herbert Theodore Thomas was born 6 June 1856 in Jamaica, and died in 1930. Author of Untrodden Jamaica (1890; http://www.dloc.com/AA00020116/ ) & The story of a West Indian Policeman-47 years in the Jamaica Constabulary (1927; http://www.dloc.com/AA00010421/ ).
Jamaica

Droits : Scanned by Columbia University Libraries. Permission granted to University of Florida to digitize and display this item for research and educational uses. Permission to reuse, publish or reproduce this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions must be obtained from the copyright holder.
55651268
4979357
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00022366/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Landes Bioscience
Résumé : International audience
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
Autophagy

hal-00735751
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00735751
PUBMED : 22966490

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Since the Shea, J.B. and Morgan (1979) study, investigators have repeatedly shown that the learning of a set of movement patterns (as evaluated in a retention test) is enhanced when acquisition occurred under a random rather than a blocked schedule of practice. Supposedly, this is the case because a random schedule of practice necessitates more elaborate cognitive activities than a blocked schedule before each acquisition trial can be initiated. Our main objective was to determine whether the advantage for learning found for random practice increases as a function of the number of acquisition trials. During acquisition, the results indicated a general tendency for smaller movement reproduction errors under a blocked rather than a random schedule of practice. However, this effect disappeared with larger amount of acquisition trials. In retention, larger errors were observed when acquisition occurred under a blocked rather than a random schedule of practice. Finally, the disadvantage for learning observed for the blocked schedule of practice disappeared under a block-repeated condition in which each movement pattern was first practiced under a blocked schedule which was then repeated a second time. The results are discussed in terms of the so-called contextual interference effect and indicates some of its limitations.
ISSN: 0001-6918

hal-01662846
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01662846
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941657
PUBMED : 8165923