Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Africa faces a number of unique environmental challenges. Unfortunately, it lacks the infrastructure needed to support the comprehensive environmental studies that could provide the scientific basis to inform environmental policies. There are a number of known sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other hazardous chemicals in Africa. However, a coordinated approach to identify and monitor these contaminants and to develop strategies for public health interventions has not yet been made. OBJECTIVES: This commentary summarizes the scientific evidence presented by experts at the First African Endocrine Disruptors meeting. We describe a "call to action" to utilize the available scientific knowledge to address the impact of EDCs on human and wildlife health in Africa. DISCUSSION: We identify existing knowledge gaps about exposures to EDCs in Africa and describe how well-designed research strategies are needed to address these gaps. A lack of resources for research and a lag in policy implementation slows down intervention strategies and poses a challenge to advancing future health in Africa. CONCLUSION: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774.
Environmental Health Perspectives

hal-01616487
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01616487
DOI : 10.1289/EHP1774
PUBMED : 28935616

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : The convex feasibility problem (CFP) is to find a member of the intersection of finitely many closed convex sets in Euclidean space. When the intersection is empty, one can minimize a proximity function to obtain an approximate solution to the problem. The split feasibility problem (SFP) and the split equality problem (SEP) are generalizations of the CFP. The approximate SFP (ASFP) and approximate SEP (ASEP) involve finding only approximate solutions to the SFP and SEP, respectively. We present here the SSEA, a simultaneous iterative algorithm for solving the ASEP. When this algorithm is applied to the ASFP it resembles closely, but is not equivalent to, the CQ algorithm. The SSEA involves orthogonal projection onto the given closed convex sets. The relaxed SSEA (RSSEA) is an easily implementable variant of the SSEA that uses orthogonal projection onto half-spaces at each step to solve the SEP. The perturbed version of the SSEA (PSSEA) is similar to the RSSEA, but uses orthogonal projection onto a sequence of epi-convergent closed convex sets.
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776640

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-00776640
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776640
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776640/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00776640/file/CBAM10.pdf