Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Document soutenu à l'atelier Fouille de Données Complexes de la conférence EGC2017
International audience
"L'informatique affective est l'informatique qui se réfère à, résulte de, ou influence délibérément les émotions" (Picard (1997)). Singulièrement, l'équi-libre psychosocial est désormais considéré comme une préoccupation majeure pour la santé, tant sur le plan individuel que public. Prédire les émotions hu-maines via des méthodes non-invasives est un challenge propulsé notamment par le développement des systèmes d'accompagnement intelligents. Afin de dé-terminer l'état émotionel d'un individu, ayant potentiellement un trouble psy-chosocial, il convient de traiter tant les émotions expressives que neutres. Une approche originale de classification de l'information émotionelle à partir de vi-déos est proposée.
Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances
Grenoble, France

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/
hal-01513329
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513329/file/egcArticle%20scholet.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Although coral reefs support the largest concentrations of marine biodiversity worldwide, the extent to which the global system of marine-protected areas (MPAs) represents individual species and the breadth of evolutionary history across the Tree of Life has never been quantified. Here we show that only 5.7% of scleractinian coral species and 21.7% of labrid fish species reach the minimum protection target of 10% of their geographic ranges within MPAs. We also estimate that the current global MPA system secures only 1.7% of the Tree of Life for corals, and 17.6% for fishes. Regionally, the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific show the greatest deficit of protection for corals while for fishes this deficit is located primarily in the Western Indian Ocean and in the Central Pacific. Our results call for a global coordinated expansion of current conservation efforts to fully secure the Tree of Life on coral reefs.
ISSN: 2041-1723

hal-01282920
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920/document
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282920/file/ncomms10359.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms10359

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : Whole genome sequencing is helping generate robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a range of taxonomic groups that were previously recalcitrant to classical molecular phylogenetic approaches. As a case study, we performed a shallow shotgun sequencing of eight species in the tropical tree family Chrysobalanaceae to retrieve large fragments of high-copy number DNA regions and test the potential of these regions for phylogeny reconstruction. We were able to assemble the nuclear ribosomal cluster (nrDNA), the complete plastid genome (ptDNA) and a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) with approximately 1000x, 450x and 120x sequencing depth respectively. The phylogenetic tree obtained with ptDNA resolved five of the seven internal nodes. In contrast, the tree obtained with mtDNA and nrDNA data were largely unresolved. This study demonstrates that genome skimming is a cost-effective approach and shows potential in plant molecular systematics within Chrysobalanaceae and other under-studied groups.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-01204217
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204217
DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.12246
PRODINRA : 283530

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : To appear in the Proceeding of GF2004 in ITSF (8 pages).
We extend the theory of distributional kernel operators to a framework of generalized functions, in which they are replaced by integral kernel operators. Moreover, in contrast to the distributional case, we show that these generalized integral operators can be composed unrestrictedly. This leads to the definition of the exponential of a subclass of such operators.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004897

hal-00004897
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004897
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004897/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00004897/file/GF04BernardDelcroixColombeauNov01.pdf
ARXIV : math.GM/0505179

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Generalized functions 2004
Novi Sad, Serbia

hal-01535463
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01535463

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, weconducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the totaltrait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole-plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ-level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait-based community and ecosystem studies.
Ecology Letters

hal-01237101
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237101
DOI : 10.1111/ele.12508
PUBMED : 26415616

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
o abstract
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires

hal-01647079
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01647079
DOI : 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.07.019
PUBMED : 28939154

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis
Résumé : International audience
We extend the theory of distributional kernel operators to a framework of generalized functions, in which they are replaced by integral kernel operators. Moreover, in contrast to the distributional case, we show that these generalized integral operators can be composed unrestrictedly. This leads to the definition of the exponential, and more generally entire functions, of a subclass of such operators.
ISSN: 1065-2469

hal-01530753
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01530753

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Association de Géographes Français
Résumé : International audience
The international symposium on Urban Growth and Natural Hazards, in particular in Developing Countries was held in the Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand (France) on December 2 and 3, 1994. This meeting brought together about 70 researchers, Ph. D. students, and professionals from France and 12 other countries, representing universities, research agencies, as well as government and private companies. The symposium aimed to gather specialists who are engaged and acting in programmes on hazard appraisal, risk prevention and urban management in the city environment. These people compared experiences acquired in two different fields: on the one hand urban growth and its consequences, and on the other hand, natural hazards and their effects, in particular in developing countries.From the 41 contributions given at the symposium, 4 papers were selected by the editorial board of this Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français for this special issue, which includes three chapters corresponding to the three sessions of the symposium: (1) Natural hazards and environmental factors : inventory, diagnostic and classification, (2) Vulnerability of urban society and environment : concepts, approaches, and classification, (3) Tools for urban risk prevention and risk management in case of crisis and catastrophes.
Ce numéro du Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français résume les résultats des tables rondes et de 41 contributions de chercheurs français et étrangers au colloque international «Croissance urbaine et risques naturels dans les pays en développement» qui s'est déroulé à l'Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, les 2 et 3 décembre 1994. L'objectif général du colloque était de rassembler les diverses compétences existant en France et à l'étranger dans le domaine de l'évaluation et de la gestion des risques naturels et de confronter les expériences acquises à l'interface entre les villes en croissance et le champ d'action des phénomènes naturels créateurs de risques. Le colloque a donc réuni des chercheurs, des doctorants et des praticiens de 12 pays, chargés de prévention, de gestion des risques naturels et de gestion urbaine, principalement dans les grandes villes des pays en développement (P.E.D.).Les contributions ont été regroupées, exposées et discutées lors du colloque sous forme de 3 thèmes : (1) Les phénomènes naturels créateurs de dommages (= menaces) : diagnostic, inventaire et typologie, (2) Les vulnérabilités des sociétés et des espaces urbanisés : concepts, typologie et modes d'analyse, (3) Les outils d'aide à la prévention et à la gestion du risque en milieu urbain. Certaines d'entre elles ont fait l'objet des quatre articles de ce Bulletin de l'Association de Géographes Français.
Colloque international : "Croissance urbaine et risques naturels dans les pays en développement"
Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, France

ISBN : 0004-5322
hal-01165290
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01165290

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Characterizing the trophic relationships between large herbivores and the outstanding plant diversity in rainforest is a major challenge because of their elusiveness. This is crucial to understand the role of these herbivores in the functioning of the rainforest ecosystems. We tested a non-invasive approach based on the high-throughput sequencing of environmental samples using small plant plastid sequences (the trnL P6 loop) and ribosomal ITS1 primers, referred to as DNA metabarcoding, to investigate the diet of the largest neotropical herbivore, the lowland tapir. Sequencing was performed on plant DNA extracted from tapir faeces collected at the Nouragues station, a protected area of French Guiana. In spite of a limited sampling, our approach reliably provided information about the lowland tapir's diet at this site. Indeed, 95.1% and 74.4% of the plant families and genera identified thanks to the trnL P6 loop, respectively, matched with taxa already known to be consumed by tapirs. With this approach we were able to show that two families and eight new genera are also consumed by the lowland tapir. The taxonomic resolution of this method is limited to the plant family and genera. Complementary barcodes, such as a small portion of ITS1, can be used to efficiently narrow identifications down to the species in some problematic families. We will discuss the remaining limitations of this approach and how useful it is at this stage to unravel the diet of elusive rainforest herbivores and better understand their role as engineers of the ecosystem.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01190578
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190578
PRODINRA : 209109
PUBMED : 23560107
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0060799