Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Société des amis du Musée national de préhistoire et de la recherche archéologique — SAMRA
Résumé : International audience
Lithic technology studies have been late developed in the Antilles. The first important works about the knapping technology of the first agro-ceramist cultures (saladoid) have shown the use of the bipolar technique. A new research program based on the analysis of cedrosan and huecan saladoid lithic collections from Martinique and Guadeloupe, gave us the possibility to confirm and refine those first data. The technological analysis, associated to an experimentation program defined to help us to characterize the striking techniques used, have shown a systematic use of the bipolar technique for the débitage of good quality raw materials. The chaînes opératoires of reduction are highly efficient producing a set of small flakes. The morphology of those flakes, linked to the use of the bipolar technique, is perfectly adapted to their use as manioc grater teeth.
L'étude des restes de débitage a connu un développement tardif dans les Antilles. Les premiers travaux importants sur les débitages des premières cultures formatives (saladoïde) ont mis en évidence l'utilisation de la percussion posée sur enclume. Le développement d'un programme de recherche sur les séries lithiques saladoïdes cedrosanes et huecanes de Martinique et de Guadeloupe nous a permis de confirmer et d'affiner ces premières observations. L'analyse technologique, complétée par un programme expérimental destiné à éclaircir la question des techniques de percussion, a montré l'existence d'une utilisation systématique de la percussion posée sur enclume pour l'exploitation de matières premières de bonne qualité. Les chaînes opératoires de débitage sont d'une grande efficacité et permettent très rapidement d'obtenir des séries de petits éclats faiblement standardisés. Les caractéristiques morphologiques de ces éclats, étroitement liées à la technique de percussion employée, en font des supports parfaitement adaptés à une utilisation comme dents de râpes à manioc.
ISSN: 1145-3370

hal-00974212
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00974212

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication exposure during the perinatal period can have a long term impact in adult offspring on neuroplasticity and the serotonergic system, but the impact of these medications during early development is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of developmental exposure to the SSRI, fluoxetine, on the serotonergic system, dopaminergic system, and synaptophysin density in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as number of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, in juvenile rat offspring at weaning. To model aspects of maternal depression, prenatal restraint stress was used. Sprague-Dawley rat offspring were exposed to either prenatal stress and/or fluoxetine. Main findings show that developmental fluoxetine exposure to prenatally stressed offspring decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels and altered the dopaminergic system in the hippocampus. Prenatal stress, regardless of fluoxetine, increased synaptophysin density in the PFC. This work indicates that early exposure to maternal stress and SSRI medication can alter brain monoamine levels and synaptophysin density in offspring at weaning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol
ISSN: 0012-1630

hal-01237091
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237091
DOI : 10.1002/dev.21372
PUBMED : 26477449

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Dental and postcranial remains (an atlas, carpus and metacarpus elements, and a part of the pelvic girdle) of an embrithopod mammal are described from Bir Om Ali, Tunisia, a new late Eocene locality. The enamel microstructure of a tooth fragment found in association shows 'arsinoitheriid radial enamel', an enamel condition which is characteristic of Arsinoitherium (Arsinoitheriidae, Embrithopoda). Although the postcranial elements slightly differ in size and morphology from those of Arsinoitherium zitteli (late Eocene to early Oligocene), we tentatively refer this new Eocene Tunisian material to that genus. These fossils represent the first known embrithopod from the Eocene of Tunisia.
ISSN: 0899-5362

hal-00903435
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00903435
DOI : 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.07.010

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In many situations it is important to be able to propose N independent real- izations of a given distribution law. We propose a strategy for making N parallel Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) interact in order to get an approximation of an indepen- dent N-sample of a given target law. In this method each individual chain proposes can- didates for all other chains. We prove that the set of interacting chains is itself a MCMC method for the product of N target measures. Compared to independent parallel chains this method is more time consuming, but we show through examples that it possesses many advantages. This approach is applied to a biomass evolution model.
International Conference on Applied Statistics for Development in Africa Sada'07
Cotonou, Benin

inria-00506398
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398/document
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00506398/file/campillo2007b.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Résumé : International audience
In this article, we focus on hypomaturation autosomal-recessive-type amelogenesis imperfecta (type IIA2) and describe 2 new causal Matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) mutations validated in two unrelated families: a missense mutation p.T130I at the expected homozygous state, and a compound heterozygous mutation having the same mutation combined with a nucleotide deletion, leading to a premature stop codon (p.N120fz*2). We characterized the enamel structure of the latter case using scanning electron microscopy analysis and microanalysis (Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, EDX) and confirmed the hypomaturation-type amelogenesis imperfecta as identified in the clinical diagnosis. The mineralized content was slightly decreased, with magnesium substituting for calcium in the crystal structure. The anomalies affected enamel with minimal inter-rod enamel present and apatite crystals perpendicular to the enamel prisms, suggesting a possible new role for MMP20 in enamel formation.
ISSN: 0022-0345

hal-01545484
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545484
DOI : 10.1177/0022034513488393

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Background Orodental diseases include several clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that can present in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Due to the vast number of genes implicated in these disorders, establishing a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We aimed to develop a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay to diagnose mutations and potentially identify novel genes mutated in this group of disorders. Methods We designed an NGS gene panel that targets 585 known and candidate genes in orodental disease. We screened a cohort of 101 unrelated patients without a molecular diagnosis referred to the Reference Centre for Oro-Dental Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Strasbourg, France, for a variety of orodental disorders including isolated and syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), isolated and syndromic selective tooth agenesis (STHAG), isolated and syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta, isolated dentin dysplasia, otodental dysplasia and primary failure of tooth eruption. Results We discovered 21 novel pathogenic variants and identified the causative mutation in 39 unrelated patients in known genes (overall diagnostic rate: 39%). Among the largest subcohorts of patients with isolated AI (50 unrelated patients) and isolated STHAG (21 unrelated patients), we had a definitive diagnosis in 14 (27%) and 15 cases (71%), respectively. Surprisingly, COL17A1 mutations accounted for the majority of autosomal-dominant AI cases. Conclusions We have developed a novel targeted NGS assay for the efficient molecular diagnosis of a wide variety of orodental diseases. Furthermore, our panel will contribute to better understanding the contribution of these genes to orodental disease. Trial registration numbers NCT01746121 and NCT02397824
Journal of Medical Genetics

hal-01272929
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272929
DOI : 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103302
PUBMED : 26502894

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris
Résumé : This study focuses on new fossil faunas of bats discovered in North Africa following several field campaigns. The fossiliferous localities include those from the Early to Middle Eocene of Tunisia (Chambi) and Algeria (Glib Zegdou). Systematic and cladistic analyses carried out on the fossil material, primarily including isolated teeth, allow us to highlight the modalities of the radiation of the first modern microbats. These new faunas include eight well-identified new taxa belonging to five modern families: one Necromantidae (?Necromantis fragmentum Ravel, n. sp.), two Hipposideridae Miller, 1907 (?Palaeophyllophora tunisiensis Ravel, n. sp. and Hipposideros [Pseudorhinolophus] africanum Ravel, n. sp.), three Emballonuridae Gervais in de Castelnau, 1855 (Vespertiliavus kasserinensis Ravel, n. sp., ?Vespertiliavus aenigma Ravel, n. sp., and Pseudovespertiliavus parva Ravel n. gen., n. sp.), one Nycteridae (Khoufechia gunnelli Ravel n. gen., n. sp.) and an undetermined Vespertilionidae. Two other taxa are identified (Chambinycteris pusilli Ravel n. gen., n. sp. and Drakonycteris glibzegdouensis Ravel n. gen., n. sp.), but they show an original dental pattern which precludes a family attribution. Two cladistic analyses allow to clarify the phylogenetic position of the best documented taxa. The results highlight for Hipposideridae and Emballonuridae chiropterans a major dispersal axis from North Africa towards South Europe during the Middle Eocene.
ISSN: 1280-9659

hal-01467508
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467508
DOI : 10.5252/g2016n3a3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier - International Brain Research Organization
Résumé : International audience
Women are more likely to develop depression during childbearing years with up to 20% of women suffering from depression during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Increased prevalence of depression during the perinatal period has resulted in frequent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment; however the effects of such medications on the maternal brain remain limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of the SSRI medication, fluoxetine, on neurobiological differences in the maternal brain. To model aspects of maternal depression, gestational stress was used. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were exposed to either gestational stress and/or fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day) to form the following four groups: 1. Control+Vehicle, 2. Stress+Vehicle, 3. Control+Fluoxetine 4. Stress+Fluoxetine. At weaning maternal brains were collected. Main findings show that gestational stress alone increased synaptophysin and serotonin metabolism in the CG2 region of the cortex while fluoxetine treatment after stress normalized these effects. In the hippocampus, fluoxetine treatment, regardless of gestational stress exposure, decreased both global measures of methylation in the dentate gyrus, as measured by Dnmt3a immunoreactivity, as well as serotonin metabolism. No further changes in synaptophysin, PSD-95, or Dnmt3a immunoreactivity were seen in the cortical or hippocampal areas investigated. These findings show that gestational stress and SSRI medication affect the neurobiology of the maternal brain in a region-specific manner. This work adds to a much needed area of research aimed at understanding neurobiological changes associated with maternal depression and the role of SSRI treatment in altering these changes in the female brain
ISSN: 0306-4522

hal-01301509
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01301509
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01301509/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01301509/file/Gestational%20stress%20and%20fluoxetine%20treatment%20%281%29.pdf
PUBMED : 27060483

Résumé : Hierba anual o perenne de vida corta, de hasta 1 m de alto. Tallos jóvenes pubescentes o glabros, pelos recurvados. Hojas solitarias o en pares desiguales, ovadas a lanceoladas; ápice agudo o acuminado, base obtusa o estrecha, subenteras o sinuado-dentadas. Racimos subumbelados, hasta con 10 flores; corola blanca, raramente azulada. El fruto es una baya globosa, glabra, negro lustrosa al madurar, con semillas pequeñas.
Herbe annuelle ou pérenne à courte vie, pouvant atteindre 1 m de haut. Tiges jeunes pubescentes ou glabres, poils recourbés. Feuilles solitaires ou par paires inégales, ovées à lanceolées; pointe aiguë ou acuminée, base obtuse ou fine, subentières ou sinuo-dentées. Grappes subombellées, pouvant porter jusqu’à 10 fleurs; corolle blanche, rarement bleutée. Le fruit est une baie arrondie, glabre, d’un noir lustré une fois arrivé à maturité, et contient de petites graines.
Anthers up to 1.7 mm in length; shiny black fruit; calyx conspicuously reflexed in fruit; fruiting pedicels more or less erect; plants of lowlands and highlands. Herb 60-80 cm high. Stems smooth but sometimes with soft prickles.  Leaves alternate, ovate,14 x 7 cm, blade narrowed to the stalk, apex acute or acuminate, margins sinuate, dentate; inflorescence racemes, umbelliform; corolla white 5-9 mm in diameter; fruit a globose shiny, black, berry, 5-7 mm in diameter; seeds 1-1.5 mm wide.
Nativa de Centroamérica, crece en todo el trópico americano.
Originaire d’;Amérique Centrale, présente sous tous les tropiques américains.
Native to Central America, growing in all tropical American regions.

http://www.tramil.net/fototeca/plant327