Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclone, flood, tsunami, the Caribbean are particularly vulnerable to many natural hazards. Citizen Education to hazard mitigation is much more important in French West Indies than in Paris. With national, curriculum, evaluation and textbooks, how science education in French West Indies manage the challenge to take account this particularity of our territories? Based on this example and others, the aim of this communication is to present a science education theoretical background focus on contexts studies. During science teaching, learning effects due to different context like social, cultural or language could be described as contextual effects. But others micro-didactic effects of contexts could also be identified as linked with specificity of natural environment. These effects manifest a strain between a goal of teaching or learning and its implementation, when this stain is due in the educational process in different contexts involved.To ensure the quality of education, reference and quantify the effects of educational context seems to be necessary. it should be interested in the process leading to the emergence of these contexts. We propose a simplified model of these processes initially described as meetings of mechanisms operating within a network of transposition of designs. Then we question these processes by degree or forms of contextualization (low to high) and crossed these two approaches, giving an initial typology of contextualisation process. It then emerges the idea that these processes are constrained by resistances. We retain the following three: epistemological, social and educational. As these constraints are expressed in different ways according to disciplines, the data suggest the existence of disciplinary contextualization profiles. All these three approaches (network implementation, degree of contextualization, disciplinary profiles) are three tools for analyzing contextual phenomena which remain to test the robustness and operational character for the training analysis context.
Biennial Conference of Caribbean Academy of Sciences
Barbados, Barbados

hal-01539482
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01539482

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer
Résumé : International audience
Wind energy production is very sensitive to turbulent wind, in particular when wind power variations range from few seconds to 1 hour, are considered. Indeed rapid changes in the local meteorological condition as observed in tropical climate can provoke large variations of wind speed. Consequently the electric grid security can be jeopardized due to these fluctuations. This is particularly the case of island networks as in the Guadeloupean archipelago (French West Indies) where the installed 20 MW wind power already represents 11% of the electrical consumption. From 1 million wind sequences of duration 10 minutes, sampled at 1 Hz during the trade season, we proceed toward two objectives: i) the characterization of the wind speed sequences, ii) the dynamical simulation of the wind sequences using Langevin equation.
Progress in Turbulence and Wind Energy IV

ISBN : 978-3-642-28968-2.
hal-01527883
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01527883
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-28968-2-50

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Advisory Council On Underwater Archaeology
Résumé : International audience
This paper presents historical research conducted through a partnership between the University of French West Indies andthe Guadeloupe Port Authority in 2010. In the preparation for an underwater archaeological survey, the GuadeloupePort Authority, advised by the Department for Underwater Archaeological Research (DRASSM), initiated historicalresearch to assist in understanding the potential for underwater cultural heritage in Pointe-à-Pitre Bay. Historicalsources concerning shipwrecks, maritime events, and construction and dredging activity in the port since the beginningof 19th century have been studied to delineate high potential research and survey areas. !is paper presents the context,methods and results of this project.
ACUA Underwater Archaeology Proceedings 2012

hal-01443279
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443279
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443279/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01443279/file/ACUA%202012%20Proceedings%20JS%20Guibert%20.pdf

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Spatial variability of ground motion may be explained by local soil conditions; it is the so-called "site effects". Site effects are responsible for increasing duration and important amplification of strong ground motion during earthquakes and must be considered as a key parameter in local seismic hazard assessment. French West Indies are prone to strong site effects because of a particular geology, characterized by soft soil deposits and strong alteration of volcanic deposits. In this framework, and considering that French West Indies are considered as a high seismicity level zone in the French building code, part of seismic hazard mitigation policy consists in technical studies to perform identification and mapping of zones characterized by homogeneous seismic response and quantification of associated ground motion. It is the aim of seismic microzonations. In this presentation, we will expose the methodology used on the scale of municipalities for mapping homogeneous seismic areas, based on a study of geological and geotechnical conditions and some geophysical testings. Then, a study of vulnerability of buildings allows to estimate the probability of damage on various sectors for a scenario of risk corresponding to the seismic microzonation.
19ème Conférence Géologique de la Caraïbe
Le Gosier, Guadeloupe, France

hal-00614300
https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00614300

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
The seasonal patterns of conceptions and births differ between geographic areas. Several potential determinants of this variation have been identified, including biological, environmental and behavioral elements, but festive events are rarely mentioned. We investigated the possible association between the carnival and seasonal fertility variations in the French West Indies. We ran a retrospective registry-based study. The data were extracted from the registry of all births on Guadeloupe between 2000 and 2011 (n = 74,412), and from the Maternity Birth Register of the University Hospital, for all pregnancies of at least 14 completed weeks of gestation (observable conceptions) with an outcome recorded between 2007 and 2010 (n = 8,425). We compared data during and outside the carnival period for each year, including 2009, when there was no carnival due to a 44-day general strike. In all years other than 2009, the weekly number of births was higher for pregnancies initiated during the carnival period than for pregnancies initiated at other times, and the weekly number of observable conceptions was higher during the carnival period than at other times. Our findings support the hypothesis that carnivals in the French West Indies are associated with an increase in the number of conceptions and subsequent births.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01485778
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01485778
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0173102
PUBMED : 28253323

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : For most fisheries, increasing the local production of pelagic fish is the main objective of Fish Aggregating Devices (fads). This does not rule out the existence of a larger-scale impact, especially on the migratory behaviour of fish. The analysis of data collected during 25 experimental fishing surveys around Martinique between 1995 and 1997 has led to the hypothesis that fads influence the migratory behaviour of young dolphinfish. Unlike recent studies of dolphinfish migration in the Caribbean, which tend to show an annual migration pattern with a seasonal passage through the French West Indies, the experimental fishing surveys done over more than a year on a monthly basis on a single cohort, show that the migratory pattern of part of the regional stock could be disrupted. This analysis has made it possible to estimate an average growth rate for this species during the first year of life.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/12635.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15321/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Filamentous sulfur bacteria of the genus Beggiatoa form large mats covering the sediment in the shallow waters of a Guadeloupean mangrove (French West Indies). The abundance of these bacteria varies over the year and their trophic role may, therefore, also vary. We investigated this variation by conducting a survey examining the stable isotopic compositions of four grazers and four food sources during nine sampling sessions in three different periods of the year. We analyzed bulk isotopic compositions for each component except for the bacterial and diatom communities, for which we carried out a compound-specific 13C analysis of phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs). Correlations between isotopic compositions revealed a predominance of diatoms in the diet of nematodes and the important role of detritus and bacteria in the diet of the polychaete Ceratocephale sp. None of the grazers had an isotopic composition correlated with that of Beggiatoa suggesting that sulfur bacteria were not a predominant part of the diet of any grazer. Beggiatoa has a large central vacuole, resulting in a very low carbon content-to-volume ratio, potentially accounting for its low level of attractiveness to grazers. Mangrove sediments are habitats rich in organic carbon, in which, the addition of a food source, such as Beggiatoa, would have a limited effect on the structure of the food web over the course of the year.
Food Webs

hal-01545906
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545906
DOI : 10.1016/j.fooweb.2016.04.001

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : This paper examines the fishing of blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus) around Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) in Martinique (French West Indies). It is based on the compared analysis of catches from monthly experimental fishing surveys and sampling of commercial landings. The data collected in these two different ways allowed comparison of blackfin tuna length frequencies. A large part of the commercial landings were made up of young immature tuna with a fork length of less than 40 cm, whereas the experimental longline catches were mainly made up of fish with a fork length ranging between 55 and 75 cm. We give evidence that these discrepancies were mostly due to the fishing technique used. Indeed, contrarily to the experimental surveys, Martinican fishermen only fish during daytime and usually on the surface by trolling. This way, fishermen do not have access to the largest fish, which are found deeper. Out results suggested that a new fishing technique such as vertical longlining, could improve commercial catches of big blackfin tuna under FADs. (C) 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/INRA/IRD/Cemagerf/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
Aquatic Living Resources (0990-7440) (Elsevier), 2000-07 , Vol. 13 , N. 4 , P. 259-262

Droits : 2000 Ifremer/CNRS/INRA/IRD/Cemagref/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/publication-1392.pdf
DOI:10.1016/S0990-7440(00)01056-1
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1392/

Éditeur(s) : Amer Geophysical Union
Résumé : On November 21, 2004, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurred offshore, 10 km south of Les Saintes archipelago in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). There were more than 30000 aftershocks recorded in the following two years, most of them at shallow depth near the islands of the archipelago. The main shock and its main aftershock of February 14, 2005 (M-w = 5.8) ruptured a NE-dipping normal fault (Roseau fault), mapped and identified as active from high-resolution bathymetric data a few years before. This fault belongs to an arc-parallel en echelon fault system that follows the inner edge of the northern part of the Lesser Antilles arc, accommodating the sinistral component of oblique convergence between the North American and Caribbean plates. The distribution of aftershocks and damage (destruction and landslides) are consistent with the main fault plane location and attitude. The slip model of the main shock, obtained by inverting jointly global broadband and local strong motion records, is characterized by two main slip zones located 5 to 10 km to the SE and NW of the hypocenter. The main shock is shown to have increased the Coulomb stress at the tips of the ruptured plane by more than 4 bars where most of the aftershocks occurred, implying that failures on fault system were mainly promoted by static stress changes. The earthquake also had an effect on volcanic activity since the Boiling Lake in Dominica drained twice, probably as a result of the extensional strain induced by the earthquake and its main aftershock.
Journal Of Geophysical Research-solid Earth (0148-0227) (Amer Geophysical Union), 2011-10 , Vol. 116 , N. B10301 , P. 1-25

Droits : Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00200/31099/29511.pdf
DOI:10.1029/2011JB008310
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00200/31099/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: Studies relating long-term exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) with endocrine activities (endocrine disrupting chemicals) on circulating levels of steroid hormones have been limited to a small number of hormones and reported conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, androstenediol, testosterone, free and bioavailable testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estrone sulphate, estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone as a function of level of exposure to three POPs known to interfere with hormone-regulated processes in different way: dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153, and chlordecone. METHODS: We collected fasting, morning serum samples from 277 healthy, non obese, middle-aged men from the French West Indies. Steroid hormones were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, which was determined by immunological assay, as were the concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Associations were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis, controlling for confounding factors, in a backward elimination procedure, in multiple bootstrap samples. RESULTS: DDE exposure was negatively associated to dihydrotestosterone level and positively associated to luteinizing hormone level. PCB 153 was positively associated to androstenedione and estrone levels. No association was found for chlordecone. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that the endocrine response pattern, estimated by determining blood levels of steroid hormones, varies depending on the POPs studied, possibly reflecting differences in the modes of action generally attributed to these compounds. It remains to be investigated whether this response pattern is predictive of the subsequent occurrence of disease.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-00876025
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876025/file/Persistent_Organochlorine-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0066460

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
There appears to be an incompressible high rate of preterm births among populations of African origin irrespective of their geographic location. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for preterm birth in a French Caribbean population of African descent, offered medical care comparable to that on the French mainland, but presenting a higher rate of preterm birth. The study was based on a birth cohort at maternity hospitals in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) including 911 singleton pregnancies enrolled during their third trimester check-up visits. Associations between risk factors and the risk of preterm delivery (spontaneous and induced) were assessed using a multivariate Cox model. In addition, prevalences of sociodemographic and medical factors in Guadeloupe were compared with those on the French mainland. 144 women (15.8 %) delivered preterm, medically induced in 52 %. Women delivering preterm were more often over 35 years old (37 %), single (54 %), and had higher prevalence of prior preterm birth (20 %), prior miscarriage (37 %), lupus (3 %), asthma (14 %), gestational hypertension (26 %), gestational diabetes (13 %) and urinary tract infection (24 %) than women with term births. In the whole cohort, these risk factors were also more frequent than in mainland France. Our results suggest highly prevalent medical risk factors for preterm births in Guadeloupe. This observation combined with specific social risk factors (older maternal age, single living) less frequent on the French mainland probably explains a large part of a higher prevalence of preterm births in this population despite similar medical provision.
ISSN: 1092-7875

hal-00860340
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00860340
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00860340/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00860340/file/rouget_mat_child_health-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s10995-012-1112-x

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Dans les Antilles françaises, les réflexions sur le concept de développement durable se bornent essentiellement à la protection de l’environnement. En Martinique, la problématique du développement durable a été traitée pour la première fois par un élu, leader d’une association écologiste ; cette approche a été renforcée par le Conseil Général de la Martinique dans le cadre d’un AGENDA 21, qui met fortement l’accent sur la problématique des risques et de la biodiversité. Cette approche environnementale est aujourd’hui relayée par les organisations syndicales et patronales siégeant au sein de l’Association Régionale pour l’Amélioration des Conditions de Travail (ARACT). Cette démarche vise à inscrire la dimension sociale dans la dynamique du développement durable impulsée en Martinique.
In the French West Indies, reflections on the concept of sustainable development are mainly oriented to the protection of the environment. In Martinique, the challenge of initiating sustainable development was first proposed by a politician, and a leader of an ecological association; this approach has been reinforced by the General Council of Martinique as part of AGENDA 21, which puts strong emphasis on the issue of natural risks and biodiversity. This approach to the environment is now backed by trade unions and employer organizations that serve within the Regional Association for the Improvement of Working Conditions. This approach aims to make the social dimension in the dynamics of sustainable development more evident in Martinique. La quête du sens
Martinique

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.471
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/471

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Presses Universitaires de France
Résumé : International audience
After a brief examination of the cleavages resulting from colonial subordination in the French West Indies, the paper analyzes the transition from identity claims to political claims and more especially two modalities of the process : the territorialization of partisan structures and the mobilization of local resources. Contradictions involved in the nationalist approach are also studied : attempts at superimposing cultural and political identities are thwarted by the insertion of social actors into a plurality of social and cultural spaces as well as by the multiplicity of allegiances and identification levels.
Après avoir abordé la question des clivages nés de la subordination coloniale dans les Antilles françaises, l’article s’intéresse au passage des revendications identitaires au politique. L’accent est mis sur deux modalités de ce processus : la territorialisation des structures partisanes et la mobilisation des ressources locales. On s’intéresse aussi aux contradictions de la démarche nationaliste : les tentatives de superposition des identités culturelle et politique sont contrariées par l’insertion des acteurs sociaux dans une pluralité d’espaces sociaux et culturels, ainsi que par la multiplicité des allégeances et des niveaux d’identification qui en découlent.
ISSN: 0046-2616

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01675660
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01675660
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01675660/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01675660/file/L%27espace%20politique%20%2811-2001%29_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.3917/ethn.024.0589

Résumé : In the French West Indies islands, the transfer of chlordecone (kepone) from treated grounds towards the marine environment has been proved since the beginning of 2000s. In 2008, a maximal residue limit (MRL) was set at 20 µg / kg wet weight in fish and seafood, and therefore intensified the concern about the risks of high human exposure to the pesticide due to the consumption of contaminated marine products. To answer this concern, several sampling cruises were carried by public authorities and by Ifremer in order to analyze the contamination of the fish fauna around the Guadeloupe island. The data collected within these surveys improved our knowledge on the characteristics of the contamination of fish fauna and allowed to assess the distribution of this contamination in relation with optional geographical plans of the marine area around the Guadeloupe island. Further, this study was completed by an assessment of the fishery activity in areas which are the more exposed to the chlordecone contamination, taking into account data from a fishery observatory which has been set up in the archipelago since 2007. The results allow to precise two main characteristics of distribution of the contamination: its spatial and specific dimensions. About the spatial aspect, contamination of the fish fauna is centred on marine areas which are closely downstream contaminated watersheds. Concerning the marine fauna, two species groups are particularly exposed: the very coastal ones, particularly those living at or close to the mouth of rivers, and crustaceans wherever they live. Among fishes, the most contaminated species belong to many various groups which are present in the very coastal belt, more or less regularly. Lastly, this study provided orders of magnitude on the relative part of the fishery activity around the archipelagos for which the contamination is of great concern.
Aux Antilles, l’existence d’un transfert de la molécule de chlordécone des sols traités vers le milieu marin est avérée depuis le début des années 2000. L’établissement d’une limite maximale de résidus à 20 µg/kg pf pour tous les produits marins en 2008 y a intensifié la préoccupation vis-à-vis des risques d’exposition des populations humaines par les produits de la pêche. Pour répondre à cette préoccupation, depuis 2008, plusieurs campagnes d’échantillonnage ont été réalisées par les services de l’Etat (DAAF) et par l’Ifremer pour analyser la contamination de la faune halieutique autour de la Guadeloupe. Les données collectées de 2008 à 2011 par ces plans d’observation ont été utilisées pour actualiser les connaissances sur les caractéristiques de la contamination de la faune halieutique autour de la Guadeloupe, et analyser cette distribution en référence à différents schémas de segmentation du domaine marin. L’étude a été complétée par une analyse de l’activité halieutique dans les secteurs les plus sensibles à la contamination, à partir des données du système d’informations halieutiques déployé dans l’archipel depuis 2007. L’analyse a permis de préciser deux traits majeurs de cette distribution : sa dimension spatiale et son caractère spécifique. Sur le plan spatial, la contamination de la faune halieutique est centrée sur les espaces maritimes situées immédiatement en aval des bassins versants contenant des sols contaminés. Sur le plan faunistique, deux groupes apparaissent particulièrement sensibles, les espèces très côtières, en particulier celles fréquentant les embouchures des cours d’eau, et les crustacés, quelque soit leur milieu de vie. Chez les poissons, parmi les espèces contaminées, on trouve un large cortège d’espèces fréquentant plus ou moins régulièrement la bande littorale. Enfin, l’étude a permis de fournir des ordres de grandeur sur la part de l’activité halieutique de l’archipel directement concernée par cette pollution.

Droits : 2013 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00136/24762/22840.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00136/24762/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Dans les Antilles françaises, l’utilisation des espaces et des territoires pose des questions et suscite des problèmes aussi nombreux que complexes. Les unes et les autres, dépendant des caractéristiques propres à l’environnement et au contexte des milieux insulaires, sont tributaires des paramètres propres au contexte local, et notamment de facteurs identitaires. Les données historiques et les pesanteurs socio-culturelles y sont en effet souvent déterminantes. Il en résulte des situations qui d’attitudes et de comportements qui aujourd’hui encore se situent dans le domaine d’un non-droit, qu’il soit délibéré ou subi, ou à l’inverse génèrent de telles attitudes ou comportements.Les besoins de toute nature (occupation, utilisation, exploitation, valorisation, etc.) envers les espaces fonciers, au profit d’intérêts privés très divers et fréquemment conflictuels, s’y heurtent en outre à de nombreux obstacles, en particulier lorsqu’ils font l’objet d’une mobilisation à des fins touristiques. Ils tiennent autant à la superficie limitée des territoires, qu’à la rareté croissante des terres disponibles. Les impacts négatifs en sont aggravés par les exigences de conservation environnementale, qui se heurtent aux exigences des politiques d’urbanisme et de tourisme, qui tendent à se superposer et s’opposer en matière d’urbanisation touristique du littoral, espace aussi convoité que fragile.
In the French West Indies, the use of spaces and territories raises numerous and complex questions and problems. Both depend on the particular characteristics of the environment and the context of islands, and on parameters specific to the local context, including identity factors. The historical and socio-cultural constraints are indeed often critical. This results in situations that proceed, or conversely generate, attitudes and behaviours that still lie in the field of non-law, whether will full or suffered.The needs of any kind (occupation, use, exploitation, valuation, etc.) for land areas for the benefit of different and often conflicting private interests, stumble also many obstacles, especially when they are mobilized for tourism. They are due as much to the limited size of the territories, as to the increasing scar-city of available land. The negative impacts are exacerbated by the demands of environmental conservation that face the requirements of planning policies and tourism, which tend to overlap and oppose in tourist urbanization of coastal areas, which are spaces as coveted as fragile .
Martinique
Guadeloupe
Guyane française
Saint-Barthélemy
Saint-Martin

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.6770
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/6770

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : This paper presents French historical sources and references about Tobago collected in the Libraries and Archives of Martinique and the record of two archaeological missions sent from Martinique to Tobago in the 1990’s. French contributions to the history of Tobago, published or not, gives light on the French speaking protestant Walloons who settled in the island during the 17th century. In addition the author shows the links between Dutch and French Huguenot families in the West Indies in spite of the French State.
Cet article tente la recension des sources et de la bibliographie de l’histoire de Tobago en langue française dans les fonds des Archives et des Bibliothèques de la Martinique et rappelle les missions archéologiques martiniquaises envoyées dans cette île au cours des années 1990. Les travaux français éclairent le rôle joué au XVIIe siècle par les Wallons, protestants de langue française, dans la colonisation de Tobago. L’auteur montre ensuite les liens tissés aux Antilles entre les familles hollandaises et huguenotes, malgré les persécutions de l’Etat français.
Tobago

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1032
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1032

Résumé : For several years the fishermen of the West Indies have directed their activities towards new fishing grounds, notably the bathyales zones adjacent to island plateaux up to approximately 1000 metres in depth. Explorations earned out since 1989 have shown that diverse crustacean populations could be exploited. However, populations and exploitable stocks arc not well known. The use of crustaceans traps as a fishing technique permits the capture of shellfish, shrimps and prawns of which at least six species could have commercial interest. The main objective of this work is do draw up an inventory of the principal commercial species as well as the accompanying species belonging to the subordres Decapoda macrura, anomura, brachyura, and to the orders Isopoda and Amphipoda. It is intended for fishermen and other socio-professionals of the fishing industry. It should enable them to identify and name these previously unexploited varieties of crustacea to facilitate their sale in local markets.
Depuis quelques années, des pécheurs antillais orientent leurs activités vers de nouveaux secteurs de pèche, notamment les zones bathyales adjacentes aux plateaux insulaires, jusque vers 1000 mètres de profondeur. Des campagnes exploratoires menées depuis 1989. on montré que diverses populations carcinologiques pouvaient l'aire l'objet d'une exploitation. Toutefois, populations et stocks exploitables ne sont pas bien connus. L'emploi du casier comme technique de pêche, permet la capture de crustacés: crevettes et langoustines, dont au moins 6 espèces peuvent avoir un intérêt commercial. Ce travail nomenclatural a pour premier objectif de dresser l'inventaire ces principales espèces commerciales ainsi que des espèces accompagnatrices appartenant aux infra-ordres des Décapodes macroures, anomoures, brachyoures et aux ordres des Isopodes et des Amphipodes. Il est destine aux pécheurs et aux autres personnes des catégories socioprofessionnelles de la filière pêche. II devrait leur permettre d'identifier et de nommer ces produits nouveaux pour faciliter leur vente sur les marchés locaux.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-992.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/992/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Chemical Society
Résumé : International audience
Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that was extensively used in the French West Indies to fight weevils in banana plantations from 1973 to 1993. This has led to a persistent pollution of the environment and to the contamination of the local population for several decades with effects demonstrated on human health. Chlordecone accumulates mainly in the liver where it is known to potentiate the action of hepatotoxic agents. However, there is currently no information on its in situ localization in the liver. We have thus evaluated a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging quantification method based on labeled normalization for the in situ localization and quantification of chlordecone. After validating the linearity and the reproducibility of this method, quantitative MALDI imaging was used to study the accumulation of chlordecone in the mouse liver. Our results revealed that normalized intensities measured by MALDI imaging could be first converted in quantitative units. These quantities appeared to be different from absolute quantities of chlordecone determined by gas chromatography (GC), but they were perfectly correlated (R(2) = 0.995). The equation of the corresponding correlation curve was thus efficiently used to convert quantities measured by MALDI imaging into absolute quantities. Our method combining labeled normalization and calibration with an orthogonal technique allowed the in situ absolute quantification of chlordecone by MALDI imaging. Finally, our results obtained on the pathological mouse liver illustrate the advantages of quantitative MALDI imaging which preserves information on in situ localization without radioactive labeling and with a simple sample preparation.
ISSN: 0003-2700

hal-01118103
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118103
PUBMED : 24837422
DOI : 10.1021/ac500313s

Éditeur(s) : Jouve & cia Jouve & cia ( Paris )
Résumé : (Thesis) Thèse-Univ. de Paris.
(Bibliography) "Bibliographie": p. [151]-152.
West Indies, French
Réunion

000125410
24184130
AAP1381

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley Open Access
Résumé : 11 pages
International audience
The loss of regulating agents such as parasites is among the most important changes in biotic interactions experienced by populations established in newly colonized areas. Under a relaxed parasite pressure, individuals investing less in costly immune mechanisms might experience a selective advantage and become successful colonizers as they re-allocate resources to other fitness-related traits. Accordingly, a refinement of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis proposed that immunity of invasive populations has evolved toward a reduced investment in innate immunity, the most costly component of immunity, and an increased humoral immunity that is less costly. Biogeographical approaches comparing populations between native and expansion ranges are particularly relevant in exploring this issue, but remain very scarce. We conducted a biogeographical comparison between populations of Spectacled Thrush (Turdus nudigenis) from the native area (South America) and from the expansion range (Caribbean islands). First, we compared haemosporidian prevalence and circulating haptoglobin (an acute-phase protein produced during inflammation). Second, we challenged captive birds from both ranges with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and measured postchallenge haptoglobin production and body mass change. Birds from the expansion range showed lower haemosporidian prevalence and lower levels of haptoglobin than birds from the native range. In addition, the inflammation elicited by LPS injection and its associated cost in terms of body mass loss were lower in birds from the expansion range than in birds from the native range. In accordance with the enemy release hypothesis, our results suggest that range expansion is associated with a reduced infection risk. Our study also supports the hypothesis that individuals from newly established populations have evolved mechanisms to dampen the inflammatory response and are in accordance with one prediction of the refined EICA hypothesis, proposed to understand biological invasions.
ISSN: 2045-7758

hal-01403291
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01403291
DOI : 10.1002/ece3.2486