Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Herbicides are generally the most extensively used of the pesticides applied to agricultural crops. However, the literature contains little evidence useful in assessing the potential sources of the general population's exposure to herbicides, including by residential proximity to crops.The objective of this study was to take advantage of data from the PELAGIE mother–child cohort to identify the main determinants of the body burden of exposure to the chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides commonly used on corn crops in Brittany, France, before 2006. Urine samples from a randomly selected subcohort of women in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=579) were assayed for herbicide metabolites. The residential exposure resulting from proximity to corn crops was assessed with satellite-image-based scores combined with meteorological data. Data on diet, drinking tap water (from the public water supply), occupations, and household herbicide use were collected by questionnaires.Herbicides were quantified in 5.3% to 39.7% of urine samples. Alachlor and acetochlor were found most frequently in the urine of women living in rural areas. The presence of dealkylated triazine metabolites in urine samples was positively associated with residential proximity to corn crops (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05–1.80). Urinary metabolites of both atrazine and dealkylated triazine were correlated with tap water consumption (OR=2.94, 1.09–7.90, and OR=1.82, 1.10–3.03, respectively); hydroxylated triazine metabolites were correlated with fish intake (OR=1.48, 1.09–1.99).This study reinforces previous results that suggest that environmental contamination resulting from agricultural activities may contribute to the general population's exposure to herbicides.
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01107546
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01107546
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.010
PUBMED : 24246238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Despite the neurotoxicity of these insecticides at high doses, few studies have examined whether lower-level exposures could adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The PELAGIE cohort included 3421 pregnant women from Brittany, France between 2002 and 2006. When their children reached their sixth birthday, 428 mothers from the cohort were randomly selected, successfully contacted and found eligible. A total of 287 (67%) mothers agreed to participate with their children in the neuropsychological follow-up. Two cognitive domains were assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: verbal comprehension and working memory. Five pyrethroid and two organophosphate insecticide metabolites were measured in maternal and child first-void urine samples collected between 6 and 19 gestational weeks and at 6 years of age, respectively. Linear regression models were used to estimate associations between cognitive scores and urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations, adjusting for organophosphate metabolite concentrations and potential confounders. Maternal prenatal pyrethroid metabolite concentrations were not consistently associated with any children's cognitive scores. By contrast, childhood 3-PBA and cis-DBCA concentrations were both negatively associated with verbal comprehension scores (P-trend = 0.04 and P-trend < 0.01, respectively) and with working memory scores (P-trend = 0.05 and P-trend < 0.01, respectively). No associations were observed for the three other childhood pyrethroid metabolite concentrations (4-F-3-PBA, cis-DCCA, and trans-DCCA). Low-level childhood exposures to deltamethrin (as cis-DBCA is its principal and selective metabolite), in particular, and to pyrethroid insecticides, in general (as reflected in levels of the 3-PBA metabolite) may negatively affect neurocognitive development by 6 years of age. Whatever their etiology, these cognitive deficits may be of importance educationally, because cognitive impairments in children interfere with learning and social development. Potential causes that can be prevented are of paramount public health importance
ISSN: 0160-4120

hal-01162374
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01162374/file/Pyrethroid%20insecticide%20exposure.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.009

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Obesity is currently an increasing public health problem. The intra-uterine environment plays a critical role in foetal development. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of obesity with modifications in the metabolic profiles of pregnant women, and their new-borns. Based on the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany, France), a sample of 321 pregnant women was divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) (normal, over-weight and obese). Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses were performed on maternal urine and cord-blood samples. Partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), polytomous and logistic regressions were used to differentiate the metabolic profiles of the three BMI groups after adjusting for potential confounders. Specific profiles were observed for the overweight and obese women (BMI > 25) compared to the normal-weight women: they had a decrease in urinary hippurate excretion associated with a decrease in phenylalanine and an increase in creatinine. We also showed an increase in the urinary excretion of lactate, citrate, acetate, creatine, and lysine only in obese women (BMI > 30) compared to the normal-weight women. The PLS-DA modelling did not reveal any significant difference between the cord-blood metabolic profiles of newborns according to maternal BMI—although infants born of obese women had a higher birth weight and a lower Apgar score. Our results confirmed the potential link between obesity and gut microbiota disruption (changes in urinary acids), as well as energy and amino-acid metabolism but did not reveal any disruption among newborns.
Metabolomics

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01195742
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195742/file/Impact%20of%20maternal%20obesity_accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1007/s11306-015-0836-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
Although prenatal exposure to water disinfection by-products does not appear to affect the duration of gestation, its impact on fetal growth remains an open question. The authors studied the associations between prenatal exposure to disinfection by-products and fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth in the PELAGIE cohort, a French birth cohort comprising 3,421 pregnant women recruited between 2002 and 2006. Exposure was assessed by estimating levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in tap water during pregnancy and maternal water use and by measuring maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) during early pregnancy in a nested case-control design that compared 174 FGR cases, 114 preterm births, and 399 controls. Higher uptake of THMs (especially brominated THMs) was associated with a higher risk of FGR. Women with TCAA detected in their urine (>0.01 mg/L) had a higher risk of FGR than those with TCAA levels below the detection limit (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.7) and had an odds ratio for preterm birth below 1 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.8, 95% confidence interval: 0.3, 2.6). Results from this prospective study, the first to use a biomarker of disinfection by-product exposure, suggest that prenatal exposure affects fetal growth, but the causal agent or agents remain to be identified.
ISSN: 0002-9262

hal-00682627
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682627
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwr419
PUBMED : 22156019