Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
In science learning, context is an important dimension of any scientific object or phenomenon, and context-dependent variations prove to be as critical for a deep understanding as are abstract concepts, laws or rules. Our hypothesis is that a context gap can be illuminating to highlight the respective general-particular aspects of an object or phenomenon. Furthermore, provoking a perturbation during the learning process to obtain the emergence of such an event could be a productive tutoring strategy. We introduce the emergence of context effects as a problem space, to be modeled in the system. We propose a model of the contextual dimension, associated with an analytical view of its modeling, based on a metaphor in physics.
CONTEXT 2013, LNAI 8175

hal-01536068
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01536068
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-40972-1_25

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This research aim focused onthe interpretation of the action of pupils for two school professors in mathematics and in physical education. The research is in the field of work concerned with the process of didactic contextalisation (Delcroix, Forissier, Anciaux, 2012). It also mobilizes process of the comparative approach (Mercier, Schubauer-Leoni et Sensevy, 2002). Data processed within the limits of this communication were collected by interview of self-confrontation. The results are used to model the interpretive filters according to three axes: the practical epistemology of the professor through the categories of Shulman (1987), forms of inference employed and his organization. Our study allows us to confront, in this model, the specifics or generics, fruits of disciplinary didactics to the effects of the didactic contextualization. We note that the use of contextualization seems to act as a filter (regardless of the teacher or the discipline concerned) constitutive of a profile kind (in the sense of Clot). Finally, at the end of this research, we discuss the contribution of this type of study for the training of teachers by querying the aspect built of these filters in action-context interaction and by validating the legitimacy of this question: "What is happening in the minds of the students"?Clot, Y. et Faïta, D. (2001). Genre et style en analyse du travail. Concepts et méthodes, Travailler, 6, 7-42Delcroix, A., Forissier, T., & Anciaux, F. (2012). Vers un cadre d’analyse opérationnel des phénomènes de contextualisation didactique. Dans F. Anciaux, T. Forissier et LF. Prudent, Contextualisations didactiques (pp. 141-188). Paris : L’harmattan.Mercier, A., Schubauer-Leoni, ML. & Sensevy, G. (2002). Vers une didactique comparée. Revue française de pédagogie, 141, 5-16.Shulman, L. (1987). « Knowledge and teaching : foundations of the new reform ». Harvard Educational Review, vol. 57, n° 1, p. 1-22.
The Caribbean Academy of Sciences 20th GENERAL MEETING AND BIENNIAL CONFERENCE
Deshaies, Guadeloupe

hal-01618424
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01618424

Résumé : Ce travail analyse le dancehall, dernière forme en date de la musique jamaïcaine, à travers les questions de violence et de sexualité. Cette musique rencontre des difficultés sur le plan local et international non seulement à cause des thématiques abordées mais aussi par la manière dont elles sont traitées. Ainsi, le traitement de la violence à travers le gun talk, ces textes faisant l’apologie des armes à feu, entraîne des critiques, on leur reproche d’être des incitations à la violence physique, psychologique, au désordre social et on juge leur influence négative. Par ailleurs, l’approche très explicite et très crue de la sexualité entraîne également des critiques du fait de la teneur misogyne et homophobe de certaines chansons.Par conséquent, cette étude du dancehall explique les raisons pour lesquelles le contexte particulier de la Jamaïque a conduit à ce genre de propos. Puis, elle démontre que les textes incriminés pour homophobie ou misogynie renferment une codification de la sexualité qui va au-delà de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’opposition hétérosexualité/homosexualité, pour ériger un modèle valorisant et valorisé en termes de pratiques sexuelles (le coït pénis/vagin). Pour répondre à ces questions, cette analyse s’appuie sur une série d’outils offrant une vision cohérente de cette musique : les travaux précédents sur le dancehall, les traductions d’un large éventail de chansons, l’utilisation de l’Internet qui permet de suivre les derniers déroulements de ce phénomène culturel en constante évolution et enfin les entretiens et les enquêtes menés sur le terrain.
Completely different to play a part in the social unrest that this country is facing. The second part of the thesis focuses on the issues of violence and sexuality in dancehall music. It shows how politics and religion have a strong influence on the population and offer some legitimacy to the lyrics which lead to the controversies surrounding dancehall music. On the one hand, religion is the cornerstone of this society (although Jamaicans have integrated some principles and do not pay much attention to others) and determines what should be endorsed or rejected. On the other hand, the politicians apply some sort of physical and psychological violence to maintain their leading position. In addition, these politicians rely on the contempt for homosexuality to create cohesion within a society that is deeply characterized by divisions and tensions of all kinds. In the Jamaican context that is deeply influenced by patriarchal values, the individuals of the lower social strata (especially males) who experience difficulties to obtain a valorizing social status can turn to violence and criminal activities, and will hang to heterosexuality and “moral” sexual practices as vehicles to restored self-esteem (this vision of sexuality is one of the only valorizing aspects of masculinity that any individual can rely on regardless of their social status). Consequently, these sexual archetypes are expressed through the lyrics of dancehall music and are promoted by the artists of dancehall, self-proclaimed spokesperson for the Jamaican population. The third part addresses the issue of the perception of dancehall music on the international level through the issue of sexuality and homosexuality. This part shows that even though the language used by the artists can be hardly understood, some lyrics leave the listeners with different way of interpreting the message, especially when it comes to threatening some people physically or psychologically on the ground of sexual orientations and practices. These songs which express strong criticism towards some individuals have triggered vehement reactions from sexual minority groups. Different campaigns on the international level have forced the artists to tone down their lyrics. These campaigns show how the music is also utilized by these gay groups to fight against discrimination. Because of or thanks to the media attention that Jamaican music enjoys, the homosexuals are able to expose to the public opinion the physical and psychological violence they are experiencing in Jamaica. In addition, the close geographic, cultural and economic relationship between Jamaica and the USA shows, on the one hand, how homosexuality is perceived on the island as an imposed foreign value and on the other hand, how this Caribbean country is labeled as a homophobic nation. And finally, the influence of Jamaica on the international level allows us to analyze dancehall music in the French Caribbean islands. This chapter shows how these local artists can use the Jamaican codes and adapt them to their own reality when they correspond with the values of their own society.

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0728/document

Résumé : En occupant un espace social privilégié, la médecine traditionnelle et les diverses pratiques qui y sont liées, sont de moins en moins marginalisées, de plus en plus admises comme ressources et la société leur devient du même coup permissive. La tolérance sociale est relativement forte ». Cette lecture de la situation de la médecine traditionnelle et de sa réception dans la société est celle de l’anthropologue et médecine martiniquais M. Yoyo. Elle évoque la réalité de la médecine créole dans l’espace antillais et dit l’intérêt que lui portent ceux qui en font usage.L’objectif de cette recherche est de poser la question de la transmission du savoir médicinal en contexte martiniquais : transmission des tradipraticiens vers les profanes ; transmission entre professionnels de cette médecine. Autrement dit comment se fait l’apprentissage si apprentissage il y a, de ce savoir traditionnel, jalousement gardé par ceux qui l’exercent ? La dimension magico-religieuse de ce savoir influe-t-elle sur sa transmission ? Quel est le rôle de la famille dans l’éducation et la transmission de ces pratiques ? Quelle est la connaissance profane accessible à tous et que détiennent certaines familles ? Celle-ci répond-elle aux attentes de la médecine traditionnelle et comment les familles procèdent-elles à sa transmission ? Quelle contribution l’institution scolaire apporte-t-elle à la sauvegarde de ce patrimoine ? Ce questionnement nous amène à nous interroger sur les pratiques en matière de médecine des Martiniquais et à considérer la coexistence entre savoir traditionnel et savoir rationnel dit moderne.On ne peut faire l’économie de ces analyses si on veut appréhender de façon objective le problème de la transmission de la médecine créole, de sa sauvegarde par – et pour – les générations montantes, en raison de l’aspect mémoriel de cette pratique thérapeutique mais également en raison de son efficacité et du potentiel important qu’elle représente pour la santé dans les années qui viennent.
By occupying a privileged social space, traditional medicine and the diverses practices related to the field are less and less marginalized, more and more accepted as resources, thus society is gradually becoming more tolerant towards those practices. The social tolerance is relatively strong”. This perception of the present situation of traditional medicine and of its reception in society is proposed by M. Yoyo, French anthropologist and physician from Martinique. It speaks of the reality of traditional medicine in the west Indians context and highlights the positive affects on those who make use of it. The objective of this research is to explore the question of the transmission of medicinal knowledge within the confines of Martinique: transmission by traditionalists towards nonprofessionals as well as transmission among professionals in the fields of medicine. In other words, what learning, if any, still exists of this traditional knowledge faithfully kept by those practiced it? To what extent does the magical-religious experience influence the transmission of this knowledge? What is the role of the family in the education and the transmission of those practices? How much of this profane knowledge is accessible to all and to what extent is it practiced by families? Does the latter respond to the demands of traditional medicine? How do families proceed with the process of transmission. What contribution does the school make towards preserving this tradition ? The above questions provoke reflection on the medicinal practices of the people of Martinique and of the possible coexistence of traditional knowledge and modern or rational knowledge. These questions are inevitable if we want to progress with objectivity in the transmission of Creole medicine and of its preservation for future generations, as a form of safeguarding the memory of this therapeutic practice. However, they also help to focus on the level of its effectiveness and the potential importance that it represents in ensuring a healthy environment in the coming years.

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0865/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The development of transport infrastructures lead to increase the exposure of population to high noise levels. The objective of this work is to define an indicator representative of the health risk induced by noise pollution in urban environment and adapted to the geographical resolution of IRIS. The methodology for the definition of the indicator considers in a first part the health aspect with the health data for the following effects: annoyance, sleep disturbance and cardiovascular diseases. Then, in a second part, methodology considers some effects related to the urban context since the configuration of urban space can change the exposure of population to noise and the perception of noise. The work is achieved with a GIS software and the input acoustical data comes from noise maps calculated for the END. The indicator seems to be relevant and interesting as it brings health information.
InterNoise 2010 Noise and Sustainability
Lisbonne, Portugal

halshs-00664636
https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00664636

Résumé : Dégager le sens des actions mises en place en Guadeloupe depuis les années 1940 dans le secteur de la lecture publique par les collectivités locales, constitue l'objet de la recherche. Deux acteurs sont privilégiés, le Département et les communes. La lecture est appréhendée dans sa fonction identitaire, L'identité est posée comme système de significations, et il s'agit de décoder les représentations sociales de la lecture pour la situer dans la construction identitaire, Deux hypothèses conduisent la réflexion. La lecture n'est pas un enjeu identitaire fort et ne fait pas débat, cela parce que l'activité conserve une fonction fortement instrumentalisée déterminée par le contexte guadeloupéen. Les réponses sont cherchées dans l'histoire et l'analyse des actions publiques, elles aussi porteuses de significations. L'analyse de discours entreprise se réalise autour de quatre thématiques: la lecture, le livre, le lecteur, la bibliothèque. Ce travail retrace d'abord la genèse du secteur du livre et de la lecture en Guadeloupe dans les lieux et les pratiques. Puis il propose un panorama historique des actions. Enfin, une analyse des actions et des représentations est développée. L'irrégularité et la disparité de l'action publique locale, le discours très consensuel qui ressortent, plaident pour l'inexistence de politiques de lecture et d'enjeux véritables. Pourtant, lecture, livre et bibliothèque se montrent auréolés de prestige, vecteurs de savoir et de culture lettrée, relais de l'école. Ce paradoxe apparent illustre la problématique encore conflictuelle entre culture écrite et tradition orale en Guadeloupe, et la défiance traditionnelle envers l'écrit.
Understand the meaning underlying the initiatives led in the field of reading by public local authorities in Guadeloupe since 1940, is the object ofthis research. Two local authorities are particularly studied, the "Departement" and the towns and villages. Reading is taken here in an identity function. Identity is defmed her7as a system of significations, and the point is to understand which social representations reading conveys, and thus determine its place in the identity building process. The research is carried on around two hypotheses : reading is not an issue of much importance, nor a matter of political debate ; and this because it is thought of and used as a mere tool, due to the Guadeloupe context. Answers are searched by tracing the history and analyzing the public actions, which, too, convey meanings. A speech analysis is done around four subjects : reading, books, readers, Iibraries, This work describes the making of the field in Guadeloupe, through the history of reading places and practices, Then it presents the history of the actions themselves. Last, an analysis ofthe initiatives and the social representations underlying are developed. The public local action appears to be irregular and unequal, and the positions very consensual, both aspects speaking for an absence of true policies and real questioning about reading. Though, reading, books, libraries, are wrapped up in an aura of prestige, thought ofas vectors ofknowledge and culture, complementary to school. This apparent paradox is an example ofthe still remaining conflict between written and oral traditions in Guadeloupe, an expression of a longrooted distrust towards writing

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0474/document