Résumé : From the PNCR, GAP MPs free to vote conscience on gay rights bill By Johann Earle Stabroek News June 11, 2003 The PNCR will allow its members to vote their conscience on the controversial Constitution (Amendment) Act of 2001 which seeks to prevent discrimination against persons on the basis of their sexual orientation and other grounds. A number of religious organisations are opposed to the passage of the bill because it includes sexual orientation as one of the grounds. They are concerned that it could lead to a legalisation of homosexual relations and demands for recognition of gay marriages among other things. PNCR Member of Parliament (MP) Vincent Alexander told a forum at the National Library on Saturday, that the Bill did not seek to legalise homosexuality, but to ensure that persons would not be discriminated against based on their sexual preferences. He was one of two parliamentarians who showed up - the other being PNCR member, Myrna Peterkin. The forum was organised by Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), a group comprising fifteen students from the University of Guyana which was formed about two weeks ago. Alexander expects the vote on the bill to come up before the National Assembly in a matter of months. Paul Hardy, Leader of the Guyana Action Party (GAP), told Stabroek News that his party would not be using the so-called parliamentary whip. He added that GAP took a decision that every member should vote according to his or her own conscience. “We have no right to deny the rights of others based on sexual orientation. [The Bill] will guarantee rights to the homosexual.” GAP is in Parliament as part of an alliance with the Working People’s Alliance. GAP/WPA has two MPs. The bill was met with rejection from some members of the religious community in 2001 and as a result of this, the President did not assent to it. In a statement on Monday, the Central Islamic Organisa-tion of Guyana (CIOG) said that it stood in firm opposition to the Bill. The CIOG says the general purpose of the bill may be commendable and that the organisation’s objection is not based on a willingness to promote discrimination. Rather, the CIOG said, it was based on the fact that specific legal protection on the basis of sexual orientation without definition or qualification gives tacit legitimacy to practices which are considered criminal in Islam. “It is foreseeable that such a legal nod of approval (subtle as it may be) of these practices may pave the way for greater social (or even legal) acceptability in the future which, from the perspective of all Muslims including those in Guyana, is an undesirable and sinful outcome,” the CIOG statement said. At Saturday’s event, Muslim teacher Moulana Mohamed Ali Zenjibari spoke of instances of abuse, discrimination and harsh penalties meted out to gay and lesbian persons in countries such as Iran and Saudi Arabia and noted that the Quran did not sanction such punishments for homosexual behaviour. President of the CIOG, Fazeel Ferouz told Stabroek News that a meeting to discuss a strategy with regards to the bill was planned for tomorrow with various religious groups. Stabroek News tried to get a comment on the issue from the PPP/C but to no avail. ROAR leader, Ravi Dev said that his party was now having discussions on the issue. ROAR feels that it is an important question which has to do with morality and should be discussed across the country. He added legislators had to be in tune with their constituents on the issue. SASOD is lobbying for the legislation through the sensitisation of MPs. Keimo Benjamin, a law student at UG, gave a presentation based on the jurisprudential aspects of the discussion on sexual orientation. He argued that morality should not be the only guiding principle on which to base the laws. Sexual activities between two consenting male adults in private could not be equated with a violation of a person’s rights, he said, making the point that the thrust of his presentation was not whether homosexuality was wrong, but whether it violated the rights of others. He said that the attitudes of some towards this subject were based on preconceived notions and prejudices. He cited studies to show that the suppression of certain perceived deviant sexual impulses in persons might do more harm than good. One Harvard University study of teens who said they were gay indicated that those teens were three times more likely to commit suicide. Vidyaratha Kissoon, of Help and Shelter, in his contribution on Saturday, expressed his displeasure at the low turnout at the forum and urged the parliamentarians who showed up to take the message to their colleagues. He noted that because of homophobia, the numerical minority was terrified of speaking out against instances of discrimination. Gays and lesbians in Guyana were subjected to ridicule and abuse, and walk the streets at night not looking for sex necessarily, but for the companionship of persons who empathise with them. During his presentation, Joel Simpson, another member of SASOD, outlined a number of changes made within national jurisdictions that had international implications. One such crucial change was South Africa’s 1996 adoption of a new constitution, making that country the first in the world to expressly include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground of discrimination. It was the first time a developing country had taken the lead with respect to the rights of sexual minorities. He also said that according to Douglas Sanders, a Canadian jurist, the rights of homosexual, bisexual or transsexual men and women had never been officially recognised by the United Nations, despite the fact that international laws on the issue began to emerge at the close of the Second World War. Simpson said that under Article 170 (5), as amended by Section 8 of the Constitution (Amendment) (No. 4) Act 2000, the President is required to assent to any bill which is returned by the National Assembly unaltered after a two-thirds majority within 90 days of its presentation to him. To the parliamentarians present, Simpson stressed that the onus was now on them to adequately represent their constituents which include lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual Guyanese. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/ns306115.htm and Vote on sexual orientation should be a matter of conscience - MP Alexander By Esther Elijah Guyana Chronicle June 8, 2003 PEOPLE’S National Congress (PNC/R) Member of Parliament Mr. Vincent Alexander, said the Opposition will vote on “conscience” when the piece of legislation on sexual orientation is again brought before the National Assembly. “With specific reference to my party, when this Bill gets back to the Parliament in the spirit of the arguments here, we will not use the `whip’. Our party will not say we have to vote for the provision (in the Sexual Orientation Bill). We will allow our members to vote as a matter of conscience,” he told participants gathered in the Conference Room of the National Library. “We feel this is a matter of conscience. You may end up with a collective position but you have to deal with us individually,” Alexander said at a poorly attended public consultation aimed at gaining support for sexual orientation to be considered a fundamental right in Guyana. Alexander, one of the main persons who sat on the Constitutional Reform Commission that addressed this controversial clause, said the legislation was not meant to legalise homosexual activities in Guyana. “It was intended to ensure that persons who have an orientation - a way of thinking - which may or may not lead to a certain activity, to not be discriminated against, in terms of their rights,” he explained. Alexander noted that very often, discussions on the sexual orientation provision in the Bill have led to seepages into other areas where debates centre on the “right to be homosexual.” “I am saying the Bill does not comment on that… However, law is peculiar, especially in a Common Law system. Once you venture out and change the law, very often you open other windows which we cannot definitively say exist or does not exist in advance,” he said. “The fear of some people is that the legislators might say one thing and the Courts will eventually say something else. While some people can’t argue against the law, per say, they will say this has opened a window of opportunity not meant to be opened. So, it is better to stay without a window than open it and then have a possibility of something you didn’t intend to happen - happening sometime in the future.” Alexander added: “I want to say I’ve found this activity to have been rich from the perspective of the amount of research which was done by student (speakers). Without any comment as to whether I agree with the arguments, I would wish that much more research on other issues be done by students, and that at the University (of Guyana) students would find it convenient to have forums on other issues, with the same depth of research for their own intellectual development.” Alexander and other Opposition M.P, Lurlene Nestor were the only three Parliamentarians in attendance at the session organised by the recently formed `Students Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination’ (SASOD), a group that has a membership of 15 mostly University of Guyana (UG) students from various faculties. SASOD was established two weeks ago. With the exception of members of the press, the consultation only managed to attract 11 persons, a handful of who were SASOD members. While congratulating the students for an “insightful” presentation, Nestor pointed out that whether or not she chooses to agree with their position is “another issue” and she is entitled to her “own view”. “The issue of sexual orientation is very `toucheous’ …while we agree with the human rights provisions and all that as a society, we must also revert to our own society. Some of the very critical questions that I would want to ask is whether or not at the society (level) we are ready for that kind of thing,” she remarked. “We cannot, at (any) time, ignore the religious groups in our society. If we look at statistics going back to 1992 from a survey done by the Bureau of Statistics, we would see that a small section of the Guyanese population might be considered as people who do not subscribe to a religious view. While the laws are not necessarily based on moral values, we must acknowledge the fact that we might want to revert to many of the cases that (concern) laws that protect public morality.” Nestor told the speakers at the consultation these were some of the issues that they needed to deal with. She highlighted, too, that what must be examined is the effects of same-sex marriages on society and how this issue must be tackled. “These are some of the things we should consider and I don’t think you dealt with that in the presentations,” Nestor stated, adding that the issues must be addressed “frontally.” “Do we think that with the coming to being of this Bill that there might be quite a number of challenges to the Constitution in relation to the same issue of a man marrying a man? What do we do at the society (level)? Do we recognise that?” were the questions directed at the five speakers at the session. Nestor continued: “There is some argument that says, `Oh the Bill does not promote homosexuality or does not encourage a man to marry (another) man, but if you look at Section (15) that talks about `non-discrimination’ then how can we not, with the passage of this Bill, allow a man not to marry (another) man.” According to Nestor, matters of this nature constitute some of the “inconsistencies” of the Bill. On the argument raised by presenters at the session on who determines what is morality, Nestor said in the concept of democracy it is the people who are the determinants based on a “line of thinking.” She also rebutted on grounds that put the spotlight on teachers who may have been caught “interfering” with their young students and who may subsequently be dismissed from their jobs. “Could you imagine such a person interfering with a boy below age 10 - and by virtue of the fact that the Bill is there, the judges (in the case) will have to use their discretion in terms of what happens. We will have more Constitutional changes and problems (arising with the passage of the Bill).” SASOD member and law student, Joel Simpson, in reply, said he doesn’t think any homosexual in Guyana wants to “run into a church and ask that people marry them or anything of that sort.” At one point likening the church to a “club”, Simpson claimed the church has the right to exclude whomever it wants. He further stated that in accordance with the Constitution, people of the same sex do not currently have the right to marry, and will also not be able to do such an act with the passage of the Bill. However, Simpson said it is possible that the law, with the passage of the Bill, would have to recognise same-sex domestic partnerships in relation to employment benefits, sharing of properties, etc. Simpson said he believes there should be a realm of “public” and “private” morality between consenting adults, and implied that the Bill did not fully give “rights” to homosexuals. But, Nestor interjected: “I am informing you further…that the Sexual Orientation provision has, in fact, in some way recognised the rights of homosexuals and we must accept that.” Meanwhile, there was no vocal Christian representative(s) at the consultation and apart from the two Opposition representatives none other participant gave comments or directed questions at the presenters. Other speakers in support of the sexual orientation clause were: Moulana Mohammed Ali Zenjiban, Assistant Director of the International Islamic College; Denuka Radzik from Red Thread, Keimo Benjamin, UG law student and Vidyartha Kissoon from Help & Shelter. The Sunday Chronicle has been reliably informed that the Georgetown Ministers Fellowship, representing groups of Christian leaders staunchly against sexual orientation as a right in Guyana, have recently prepared a detailed 16-page document outlining issues arising from research to further boost their argument against the inclusion of the clause. The document is yet to be made public. http://www.landofsixpeoples.com/news301/nc306083.htm

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00014700/00001

Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Outline from the website at http://www.reading.ac.uk/minorities/Projects/min-project-breaking-sexual-silences.aspx In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : AFEC : Association Française d'Education Comparée AFEC : Association Française d'Education Comparée AFEC : Association Française d'Education Comparée
Extrait de : "Inégalités entres sexes dans la famille, à l'école et au travail : approches comparées" : 12e colloque international, le 28 octobre 2014. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Résumé : ""Il est question ici de s'intéresser à l'influence des stéréotypes sexués sur la construction identitaire genrée. Il conviendra de comprendre de quelles manières l'élève construit son identité sociale à travers les gestes professionnels de l'enseignant. Les gestes apparaissent ici comme courroie de transmission du genre dans la construction identitaire de l'enfant.""
""Il est question ici de s'intéresser à l'influence des stéréotypes sexués sur la construction identitaire genrée. Il conviendra de comprendre de quelles manières l'élève construit son identité sociale à travers les gestes professionnels de l'enseignant. Les gestes apparaissent ici comme courroie de transmission du genre dans la construction identitaire de l'enfant.""
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V15074
V15074
V15074
V15074

Éditeur(s) : University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading University of the West Indies Cave Hill/University of Reading ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
Outline In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies Breaking Sexual Silences Project - University of Reading/ University of West Indies ( Barbados )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
In recent years, some of the most urgent and highly-charged public and political debates in the Caribbean have centred on sexual citizenship and gay rights. To date, popular cultural forms and the acute homophobia of the dancehall have dominated national and international attention. The very public exchanges between Caribbean musicians and western-based gay rights campaigners have given the region a reputation for homophobia, intolerance and hate crimes. This project seeks to shift the axes of these debates by drawing on a recent body of Caribbean creative writing that addresses issues of sexual self-determination and sexual diversity in a more positive and progressive way. It will make visible the possibilities for understanding sexual differences and the modes of reconciliation to be found in a literary archive. The project will also engage a group of Caribbean scholars across other disciplines to develop a new language for articulating sexual difference. It will stage a panel debate for a Caribbean public, as well as producing academic publications and supporting graduate work.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Population Council Population Council ( New York )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references (p. 26).
(Statement of Responsibility) by Julie Becker and Elizabeth Leitman ; introduction by Mahmoud F. Fathalla.
Caption title.
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Latin America
Latin America

37499376
99208507

Éditeur(s) : Caribbean IRN Caribbean IRN
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
The first meeting of the Caribbean Region of the International Resource Network was an undeniable success. The more than thirty people present came from or have relationships with over a dozen Caribbean countries and territories using all four major languages of the region. They are activists, scholars, politicians, and artists – and many occupy more than one of these roles at once. In addition to individual introductions, an important element of the meeting was brief reports of the major issues faced by sexual minorities in different Caribbean countries and territories. This enabled participants to have a better idea of the historical and contemporary situations in places with which they were less familiar.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Ministry of Health Ministry of Health ( Guyana )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
(Publication Status) The Facilitator's Guide was produced by the Ministry of Health, Guyana in April 2008. It was revised in December 2010 to include a chapter on "Sexual Health of Men Who Have Sex with Men and Gay Men" and to add time frames for the activities.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Government of Jamaica Government of Jamaica ( Jamaica )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
This item has been added to this collection as a reflection of the policies in the Caribbean which proibit discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : Digital Library of the Caribbean ( dLOC ) Digital Library of the Caribbean ( dLOC ) ( Miami, FL )

http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00076717/00001

Éditeur(s) : Federación de Mujeres Cubanas Federación de Mujeres Cubanas ( La Habana )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Statement of Responsibility) Vilma Espín Guillois.
Cover title.
Originally published in the periodical, Cuba socialista.
Cuba
Cuba
Cuba
Cuba

35752779

Éditeur(s) : UNDP Guyana UNDP Guyana ( Guyana )
Résumé : (Funding) Support for the development of the technical infrastructure and partner training provided by the United States Department of Education TICFIA program.
While the global response to HIV and AIDS has realized several successes in achieving universal access to prevention, care and treatment to date, challenges persist in ensuring equal access to these services for most at risk populations. The epidemiology of HIV reflects a stark disparity in access to prevention and treatment services for neglected most-at risk populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). World-wide, MSM often experience higher rates of HIV relative to the total population. The reasons for this dynamic are multi-faceted and include high risk behaviors, and cultural as well as structural barriers. For MSM in developing countries, for example, basic services for prevention and treatment of HIV infection have yet to reach the large majority of men. Homophobia and discrimination limit access of MSM to prevention services and markedly increase vulnerability, as do criminalization of same-sex behavior. Decriminalization of same-sex behavior is a structural intervention for prevention of HIV infection and has recently been embraced by a nonbinding statement from the United Nations (Beyrer C,Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50 Suppl 3:S108-13) In the Caribbean, all of the above mentioned barriers exist. In fact, recent evidence demonstrates that there is a correlation between the decriminalization of homosexuality and lower rates of HIV (UNAIDS). This correlation is attributed to improved access to services. Therefore, The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has recently launched an initiative to address the current situation regarding men who have sex with men in Guyana where the HIV prevalence in this population is 19.4% in contrast to 1.8% in the total population. This rapid assessment has been commissioned to supplement two previous studies that were conducted in Guyana in informing the design of upcoming activities to support local capacity building to enhance access to services and respect for the human rights protections for MSM. Unfortunately, in Guyana, like much of the Caribbean, MSM tend to be a hard to reach population, perhaps due to elevated levels of stigma and discrimination and difficulty in accessing men who might participate in high risk same sex behaviors yet do not self-identify as an MSM. As a result, there is a relative paucity of data concerning the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of this total population in Guyana. (i.e. those who self –identify and those who do not) The baseline report is organized as follows: the methodology is explained followed by the study limitations, the review (literature and desk). The report then proceeds with describing the reality of work and working with sexual and gender minorities in Guyana, the status quo and entry points. The main findings of the capacity assessment and focus groups are then discussed. Issues relating to the uniformed forces and health services providers are then presented followed by discussions and conclusions.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Station Biologique
Résumé : International audience
From fish samplings (rotenone: 6 February 2002 & 13 May 2003; boxtraps: January 2008 to July 2009) in amangrove lagoon, the demographic structure, reproductive period and diet of Lophogobius cyprinoides were studied.Individual fish were measured (< 1 mm), weighed (± 0.01 g), and sexed by observing the urogenital papilla, sex-ratios andtotal length (TL)-standard length and length-mass relationships were calculated. Five individuals per size class (2 mm) wereused to study sexual maturity by macroscopic observation of gonad structure with a sexual maturity scale, and diet byqualitative and quantitative examination of digestive tract contents and calculation of the following indices: levels offullness and vacuity; occurrence, number, and point frequencies of various food items, and quality of nutrition. Growth isisometric and sexual dimorphism in favor of males (78 vs. 64 mm), demographic structure (18 ≤ TL ≤ 78 mm) and conditionevolved over time, with a distinct femininization of the population. Sexual inversion appeared from 46 mm onward, andtotal masculinization at 72 mm. Protogynous hermaphrodism is advantageous in a sedentary, subcryptobenthic species thatis reproductively active almost throughout the year. The species has an omnivorous diet specialized in copepods and plants
ISSN: 0007-9723

hal-00746079
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00746079

Éditeur(s) : Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Research and Development, Agency for International Development, Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Research and Development, Agency for International Development Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Research and Development, Agency for International Development, Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Research and Development, Agency for International Development ( Washington D.C )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) Mary Mulhern, Suzanne Mauzé.
"The Genesys Project, December 1992."
"Submitted to: Office of Women in Development and Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Agency for International Development, Contract No. PDC-0100-Z-00-9044-00."
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Caribbean Area
Latin America
Latin America
Caribbean Area

31298813

Éditeur(s) : ESPE de Martinique : Ecoles Supérieures du Professorat et de l'Education
Extrait de : "Lutte contre les discriminations dans l'éducation" : journée d'étude, le 4 juin 2015. Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
Description : Le travail est sexué, les savoirs et les compétences sont sexués, donc l'orientation est sexuée. (Françoise Vouillot ? Travail, genre et sociétés n°18). De ce fait nous assistons à une auto censure des filles et des garçons vers des orientations professionnelles. Les filles dans les services et les garçons dans la production et le technique. Suite à un état des lieux de la répartition filles /garçons dans l'orientation en Martinique, notre communication consistera à démonter les mécanismes qui génèrent cette massification des filles et des garçons dans certains secteurs professionnels. Nous considérerons le concept du genre ? comme élément normatif du masculin et de féminin. Le genre assignant des rôles et hiérarchisant ces derniers, prend une grande part, à la construction des stéréotypes qui nous gouvernent tous. Il s'agira d'expliquer, la construction identitaire et ses conséquences dans les choix des jeunes scolaires. Nous aborderons l'échec de la mixité à l'école (loi Haby 1975) qui n'a jusqu'à nos jours pas endiguer les inégalités entre filles et Garçons, car nombreux sont les acteurs de notre institution, eux mêmes sous l'emprise des stéréotypes de sexes. Considérant les conséquences de ces inégalités, dans le statut social et économique de ceux qui se projettent à l'adolescence vers leur projet professionnel, nous énoncerons l'importance de nos conduites et d'un changement de nos orientations, nos représentations pour permettre aux filles et garçons de ne pas limiter leur champ des possibles pour un avenir professionnel meilleur.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21
Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V15231
V15231

Éditeur(s) : The Population Council The Population Council ( New York N.Y )
Résumé : (Bibliography) Includes bibliographical references.
(Language) English with one article in Spanish.
(Statement of Responsibility) by Magaly Marques ; introduction by John M. Paxman ; afterword by Judith Bruce.
Caption title.
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico
México

37755303
97139151
8734-0572 ;

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioScientifica
Résumé : International audience
Paracetamol/acetaminophen (N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol; APAP) is the preferred analgesic for pain relief and fever during pregnancy. It has therefore caused concern that several studies have reported that prenatal exposure to APAP results in developmental alterations in both the reproductive tract and the brain. Genitals and nervous system of male mammals are actively masculinised during foetal development and early postnatal life by the combined actions of prostaglandins and androgens, resulting in the male-typical reproductive behaviour seen in adulthood. Both androgens and prostaglandins are known to be inhibited by APAP. Through intrauterine exposure experiments in C57BL/6 mice, we found that exposure to APAP decreased neuronal number in the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the preoptic area (POA) in the anterior hypothalamus of male adult offspring. Likewise, exposure to the environmental pollutant and precursor of APAP, aniline, resulted in a similar reduction. Decrease in neuronal number in the SDN-POA is associated with reductions in male sexual behaviour. Consistent with the changes, male mice exposed in uteri to APAP exhibited changes in urinary marking behaviour as adults and had a less aggressive territorial display towards intruders of the same gender. Additionally, exposed males had reduced intromissions and ejaculations during mating with females in oestrus. Together, these data suggest that prenatal exposure to APAP may impair male sexual behaviour in adulthood by disrupting the sexual neurobehavioral programming. These findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting the need to limit the widespread exposure and use of APAP by pregnant women.
ISSN: 1470-1626

hal-01560285
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01560285/file/Prenatal%20exposures%20to%20paracetamol-accepted.pdf
DOI : 10.1530/REP-17-0165

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Taylor & Francis (Routledge)
Résumé : International audience
The French Antilles (Martinique, Saint Martin and Guadeloupe) and French Guiana are the French territories most affected by the HIV epidemic. Some population groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those involved in transactional sex, are thought to be particularly vulnerable to HIV but few data exist to help characterize their health-related needs and thus implement relevant prevention interventions. To fill this knowledge gap, we used data collected from an HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviours and Practices survey conducted in 2012 among MSM living in the French Antilles and French Guiana and recruited through snowball sampling. Our objectives were to compare social and demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours between MSM engaging in transactional sex and MSM not engaging in transactional sex and to identify factors associated with transactional sex involvement using a logistic regression model. A total of 733 MSM were interviewed, 21% of whom reported to undergo transactional sex. Their behaviour and social and demographic characteristics were different from other MSMs’ and they were more exposed to factors that are recognized to potentiate HIVvulnerability, at the individual, community, network and structural levels. The variables positively associated with sex trade involvement were having ever consumed drug (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002), having a greater number of sex partners than the median (OR = 8.31 [4.84–14.30]; p < .001), having experienced intimate partner violence (OR = 1.72 [0.99–3.00]; p = .053) and having undergone physical aggression because of sexual orientation (OR = 2.84 [1.23–6.52];p = .014). Variables negatively associated with sex trade involvement were being older (OR = 0.93 [0.90–0.97] per year; p = .001), having a stable administrative situation (OR = 0.10 [0.06–0.19]; p < .001), having a stable housing (OR = 0.29 [0.15–0.55]; p < .001) and being employed full-time (OR = 0.29 [1.23–6.52]; p = .002).
ISSN: 0954-0121

inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01407263/file/AIDS%20Care%20final%20version.pdf
DOI : 10.1080/09540121.2016.1234680

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Sexually transmitted viruses infect the genital and colorectal mucosa of the partner exposed to contaminated genital secretions through a wide range of mechanisms, dictated in part by the organization of the mucosa. Because understanding the modes of entry into the organism of viruses transmitted through sexual intercourse is a necessary prerequisite to the design of treatments to block those infections, in vitro modeling of the transmission is essential. The aim of this review is to present the models and methodologies available for the in vitro study of the interactions between viruses and mucosal tissue and for the preclinical evaluation of antiviral compounds, and to point out their advantages and limitations according to the question being studied.
ISSN: 0042-6822

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01663650
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01663650
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01663650/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01663650/file/Frouard%20-%20In%20vitro%20models%20for%20deciphering.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.023