Evaluation of banana and plantain (Musa spp.) accessions tolerant to black sigatoka disease in Dominica, Guyana, St-Lucia and St-Vincent and the Grenadines ; Evaluation des adhésions de banane et de plantain (espèces de Musa) tolérances pour noircir la maladie de sigatoka en Dominique, en Guyane, à Sainte-Lucia et à Saint-Vincent et les Grenadines. Auteur(s) : Linton, Gregory Année de publication : Loading the player... Éditeur(s) : CARDI : Caribbean Agricultural Rechearch and Development Institute Université des Antilles. Service commun de la documentation Extrait de : 52e congrès annuel de la Société caribéenne des plantes alimentaires / 52nd annual meeting of the Caribbean food crops society (CFCS), du 10 au 16 juillet 2016. INRA, CFCS Description : Banana and plantain (Musa spp) are important foreign exchange earners in Guyana and the Windward Islands of the Caribbean. Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) also referred to as black leaf streak disease is one of the most destructive diseases of banana and plantain and is present within the region. In Guyana within two years following its introduction in 2008, the industry was totally decimated, recording a 100% decline, turning the country to a net banana importer. Also, from 2009 ? 2012 the disease spread in the Windward Islands causing as much as 100% decrease in the export of banana. The disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus, Mycosphaerella fijiensis (anamorph Pseudocercospora fijiensis) and is aggressive, challenging to control and results in enormous crop damage if left uncontrolled. In an effort to develop an integrated management approach to the disease the Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI) with financial assistance from the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) is evaluating five FHIA banana and plantain accessions and eight IITA plantain accessions for tolerance to BSD. The evaluation is presently conducted in four Caribbean countries, Dominica, Guyana, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines. In each country, four distinct agro- ecological zones were selected for the trial evaluation blocks and using a randomized block design, four blocks were established in each country. Five FHIA accessions: FHIA-01, FHIA-03, FHIA-18, FHIA-21 and FHIA-23 are being evaluated in Dominica, St Lucia and St Vincent and the Grenadines whereas, plantain accessions: PITA-17, PITA-21, PITA-22, PITA-23, PITA-24 and PITA-26 are to be evaluated in Guyana for tolerance to the disease. Cavendish are used as regional controls and as borders rows to increase disease pressure. The disease parameters evaluated are youngest leaf spotted (YLS), disease development time (DDT), leaf emission rate (LER), disease severity at 6 months, bunch emergence and harvest, and index of standing leaves. Agronomic data; days from planting to flowering, bunch weight, number of hands in bunch, average weight of hands and average number of fingers per hand and bunch, as well as organoleptic characteristics of both cooked and ripe fruits are also evaluated. The early data collection, of the FHIA only accessions, show trends in the disease tolerance and agronomic performance as well as their adaptability in the different agro-ecological zone. The trends indicate better disease tolerance of FHIA varieties with higher leaf counts before, at bunching and at harvest. The organoleptic test shows a preference to FHIA 03 and FHIA 21. La banane et le plantain (espèces de Musa) sont les acquéreurs de devises étrangères importants en Guyane et en Îles du Vent des Caraïbe. La maladie noire de Sigatoka (schéma) également désignée sous le nom de la maladie noire de filet de feuille est l'une des maladies les plus destructives de la banane et du plantain et est présente dans la région. En Guyane dans un délai de deux ans après son introduction en 2008, l'industrie a été totalement décimée, enregistrant une baisse de 100%, tournant le pays à un importateur net de banane. En outre, à partir de 2009-2012 la propagation de maladie en Îles du Vent causant pas moins de la diminution de 100% de l'exportation de la banane. La maladie est provoquée par le champignon d'ascomycète, fijiensis de Mycosphaerella (fijiensis anamorph de Pseudocercospora) et est agressive, contestant pour commander et les résultats dans l'énorme culture endommagent si laissé incontrôlé. Dans un effort de développer une approche intégrée de gestion à la maladie l'institut agricole des Caraïbes de recherche et développement (CARDI) avec l'aide financière de la banque de développement des Caraïbes (BDC) évalue des adhésions de banane et de plantain de cinq FHIA et huit adhésions de plantain d'IITA pour la tolérance au schéma. L'évaluation est actuellement effectuée quatre pays des Caraïbes, Dominique, Guyane, St Lucia et Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines. Dans chaque pays, quatre agro zones écologiques distinctes ont été sélectionnées pour les blocs d'essai d'évaluation et employant une conception de bloc randomisé, quatre blocs ont été établis dans chaque pays. Cinq adhésions de FHIA : FHIA-01, FHIA-03, FHIA-18, FHIA-21 et FHIA-23 sont évalués en Dominique, au St Lucia et au Saint-Vincent-et-les Grenadines tandis que, des adhésions de plantain : PITA-17, PITA-21, PITA-22, PITA-23, PITA-24 et PITA-26 doivent être évalués en Guyane pour la tolérance à la maladie. Cavendish sont employés en tant que contrôles régionaux et comme rangées de frontières pour augmenter la pression de la maladie. Les paramètres de la maladie évalués sont la plus jeune feuille repérée (YLS), le temps d'élaboration de la maladie (DDT), le taux d'émission de feuille (LER), la sévérité de la maladie à 6 mois, émergences et récoltes de groupe, et index des feuilles debout. Données agronomiques ; des jours de la plantation à la floraison, du poids de groupe, nombre de mains dans le poids de groupe et moyen des mains et du nombre moyen de doigts par main et groupe, aussi bien que les caractéristiques organoleptiques des fruits cuits et mûrs sont également évalués. La collecte de données tôt, des adhésions de FHIA seulement, exposition tend dans la tolérance de maladie et la représentation agronomique aussi bien que leur adaptabilité dans la zone agro-écologique différente. Les tendances indiquent qu'une meilleure tolérance de maladie des variétés de FHIA avec une plus haute feuille compte avant, à se rassembler et à la récolte. L'essai organoleptique montre une préférence à FHIA 03 et à FHIA 21. Siècle(s) traité(s) : 21 Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16266 V16266 | Partager Voir aussi Agriculture Agriculture de plantation Culture maraîchère Dominique Guyana Sainte-Lucie Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines Télécharger |
A man walks on a beach near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A man carrying a bag on his shoulder walks barefoot along a beach near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. In the distance, a rowboat floats in the water. Slide labeled Winding Bay April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 11:3 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028950/00001 | Partager |
A house near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A wooden house with a thatched roof near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. In front of the house is laundry drying on a clothes line and fishing nets. Some of the trees around the house appear to be an almond tree and a papaya. Slide labeled House Winding Bay April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 11:5 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028952/00001 | Partager |
A man and a woman walk on a sandy path near Winding Bay, Great Abaco ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A man and a woman walk along a sandy path near Winding Bay, Great Abaco. The woman, pictured, traveled with William Junior Bryant during his trip to the Bahamas in April 1965. In the distance is a thatch roofed house. Slide labeled Hot on Winding Bay Where Canadian Lived 3 Mos. April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 11:4 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028951/00001 | Partager |
A man walks through tall grasses near Winding Bay, Great Abaco ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A man walks through tall grasses and other vegetation near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. The man wears blue pants, a blue plaid shirt, and a straw hat. Slide labeled Path to Winding Bay North of Cherokee April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 10:19 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028946/00001 | Partager |
A man walks along path near Winding Bay, Great Abaco ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A man walks along a sandy path near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. The man wears a blue plaid shirt and a straw hat. The path is surrounded by tall grasses and bushes. Slide labeled Farm Near Winding Bay N of Cherokee April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 10:20 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028947/00001 | Partager |
A beach path near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A sandy path surrounded by beach plants, which leads to the sea near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. Slide labeled Winding Bay April '65. Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 11:1 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028948/00001 | Partager |
A beach near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Bahamas Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. A white sandy beach near Winding Bay, Great Abaco, Bahamas. Slide labeled Winding Bay Cherokee, Abaco April '65 Bahamas -- North America -- Winding Bay, Great Abaco Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 11:2 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028949/00001 | Partager |
Supplement Pour Les Isles Antilles, Extrait Des Carte Angloises Auteur(s) : Bonne, Rigobert, 1727-1794 Éditeur(s) : [s.n.] ( Paris ) Résumé : Contains 10 inset maps which illustrate the Antilles from the Virgin Islands to Tabago. "LW.X.XII.XIII et XIV" "No 49" (Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program. Antigua and Barbuda -- Antigua Antigua and Barbuda -- Barbuda Saint Kitts and Nevis -- Saint Kitts Netherlands Antilles -- Saint Martin Dominica Saint Lucia Barbados Anguilla Grenada Puerto Rico Trinidad and Tobago -- Tobago Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -- Saint Vincent United States Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands Antilles, Lesser Windward Islands (West Indies) Antilles, Lesser Windward Islands Antilles, Lesser Windward Islands Droits : This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide. 002829551 ANV9921 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF90000441/00001 | Partager |
Cross-shelf structure of coastal upwelling : a two - dimensional extension of Ekman's theory and a mechanism for inner shelf upwelling shut down Auteur(s) : Estrade, Philippe Marchesiello, P Colin De Verdiere, A Roy, C Éditeur(s) : Yale University Résumé : Sea-surface temperature images of the coastal upwelling regions off Northwest Africa show that the core of upwelling is sometimes located far from the coast. This has been documented in three regions that share a common feature, namely a wide and shallow continental shelf. This upwelling feature plays a key role in the ecology of the Canary Current System. It creates an innerfront which provides retention for biological material, e.g. fish eggs and larvae, in the highly productive nearshore environment. An analytical model has been developed based on a two dimensional extension of Ekman's solution. The linear and steady response of a homogeneous ocean forced by an upwelling-favorable wind provides a mechanism for the upwelling separation from the coast. The merging of the surface and bottom Ekman layers induces a very weak cross-shore circulation and a "kinematic barrier" for the Ekman transport divergence. In the case of an alongshore wind, the barrier is located near the isobath h ≈ 0.4D, where D is the thickness of Ekman layers. This yields an upwelling cell which is essentially concentrated in the region 0.5D < h < 1.25D, with upwelling occurring preferentially near the isobath h ≈ 0.6D. It turns out that the cross-shore width of upwelling scales with D/S, the ratio of Ekman depth to bottom topographic slope. The application of this solution to real bathymetric profiles rationalizes, not only the offshore upwelling observations in Northwest Africa, but also the influence of topography on the cross-shelf structure of a wind-driven coastal upwelling. The model also quantifies the effect of the cross-shore wind component showing how it drives the nearshore pressure gradient adjustment and how it affects the upwelling. A linear numerical experiment reproduces the theoretical steady solution, thereby allowing investigation of the transient regime. Relaxation of the hypothesis in the numerical model validates the linear assumption of the theory and then allows investigation of the sensitivity to friction parameterizations and the influence of stratification. The latter leads to an "oscillation" of the upwelling cell with seaward migration driven by outcropping and homogeneization of the water column, and, coastal incursion driven by a "boundary layers splitting" process caused by shoreward advection of the isopycnal dome and stratification of the inner shelf. Journal of Marine Research (Yale University), 2008-09 , Vol. 66 , N. 5 , P. 589-616 Droits : 2008 Yale University http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6334.pdf DOI:10.1357/002224008787536790 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6334/ | Partager |
Classification of wind speed distributions using a mixture of Dirichlet mixtures Auteur(s) : CALIF, Rudy Emilion, Richard Soubdhan, Ted Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies (LaRGE) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans (MAPMO) ; Université d'Orléans (UO) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience Wind energy production is very sensitive to instantaneous wind speed fluctuations. Thus rapid variation of wind speed due to changes in the local meteorological conditions can lead to electrical power variations of the order of the nominal power output. The high variability of this renewable energy source can caused a disruptive effect on power quality and reliability, in non-interconnected island networks as in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). To palliate these difficulties, it is essential to identify and characterize the wind speed distribution over very short time intervals. This allows anticipating the eventuality of power shortage or power surge. Therefore, it is of interest to categorize wind speed fluctuations into distinct classes and to estimate the probability of a distribution to belong to a class. This paper presents a method for classifying wind speed distributions by estimating a finite mixture of Dirichlet distributions. The SAEM algorithm that we use provides a fine distinction between three wind speed distribution classes. It is a new nonparametric method for wind speed classification. ISSN: 0960-1481 hal-01527881 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01527881 DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.024 | Partager |
PDF models and synthetic model for the wind speed fluctuations based on the resolution of Langevin equation Auteur(s) : CALIF, Rudy Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies (LaRGE) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience Wind energy production is very sensitive to turbulent wind speed. Thus rapid variation of wind speed due to changes in the local meteorological conditions can lead to electrical power variations of the order of the nominal power output, in particular when wind power variations on very short time scales, range at few seconds to 1 h, are considered. In small grid as they exist on islands (Guadeloupean Archipelago: French West Indies) such fluctuations can cause instabilities in case of intermediate power shortages. The developed analysis in [14] reveals three main classes of time series for the wind speed fluctuations. In this work, Probability Density Functions (PDFs) are proposed to fit the wind speed fluctuations distributions in each class. After, to simulate wind speed fluctuations sequences, we use a stochastic differential equation, the Langevin equation considering Gaussian turbulence PDF (class I), Gram–Charlier PDF (class II) and a mixture of gaussian PDF (class III). The statistical and dynamical properties of simulated wind sequences are close to those of measured wind sequences, for each class ISSN: 0306-2619 hal-01527885 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01527885 DOI : 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.007 | Partager |
Boats and ocean liners anchored in Saint George’s harbor, Grenada ; The Bryant Slides Collection ; The Bryant Slides Collection, Grenada Auteur(s) : Unknown ( Photographer ) Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location. Boats and ocean liners anchored in Saint George’s harbor, Grenada. A yacht with what appears to be the name Sans Souci is flying a United States of America and the Grenadan flag (1967-1974). In 1967 when Grenada became a British Associated State, it adopted a blue-yellow-green flag with a nutmeg in the center. The nutmeg represented Grenada’s position as the “Spice Isle” and is also featured on the Coat of Arms. This flag was used until 1974 when Grenada gained independence. Merchant Vessel (MV) Geestcape, partially pictured, entered service in 1966. In 1935, the Van Geest brothers in Spalding, United Kingdom started a horticultural business. The brothers later expanded their business to include a cargo service to carry horticultural produce, primarily bananas, from the Windward and Leeward Islands to Europe. MV Geestcape is also flying the flag of the British Merchant Navy, a red flag with the Union Jack in the upper left corner. Motor Ship (MS) Renaissance, behind MV Geestcape, was built in 1966. Until 1977, Renaissance operated primarily on the Marseille-Haifa route under Compagnie Navigation de Paquet (Croiseres Paquet), Marseille, France. The cruise liner had many subsequent owners throughout her history, until her disposal in 2010. She is pictured here flying the French flag. In the distance overlooking the harbor is Fort George, Grenada’s oldest fort which was built by the French in 1705. Fort George continues (2013) to function as the headquarters for the Royal Grenada Police Force, which it has housed since 1854 when the Colonial Government took over control of the fort. Slide labeled Grenada Harbor. Grenada -- Caribbean region -- Saint George's, Saint George Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu CFM1972_01a Sheet 44:9 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029627/00001 | Partager |
A scale of two English miles Extrait de : Candid and impartial considerations on the nature of the sugar trade ; the comparative importance of the British and French Islands in the West-Indies : with the value and consequence of St. Lucia and Granada, truly stated. Illustrated with copper-plates (Entre p. 176 et 177) Résumé : "The harbour of Calivenie on the S. E. end of the Island of Granada, in Lat. 11° : 30"" Nth ; drawn by John Powell topographer. Reference . A. The entrance where you can sait in and out with the usual trade wind. B. The inner harbour, where it is said there is not lefs than I Tathom muddy ground." Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/SCH132550188i1 SCH132550188i1 | Partager |
Geographical, statistical, and historical map of the Windward Islands ; Complete historical, chronological, and geographical American atlas Auteur(s) : H.C. Carey & I. Lea (Firm) Lucas, Fielding, 1781-1854 Éditeur(s) : [s.n.] ( Philadelphia ) Résumé : "No. 44". Drawn by Fielding Lucas Jr. (Funding) Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program. Martinique Saint Lucia Barbados Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Grenada Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Windward Islands (West Indies) Windward Islands Windward Islands Droits : This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions may require permission of the copyright holder. The Smathers Libraries would like to learn more about this item and invite individuals or organizations to contact Digital Services (UFDC@uflib.ufl.edu) with any additional information they can provide. 002356654 ALW1082 http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00003684/00001 | Partager |
Hydrodynamics in Holocene Lake Mega-Chad Auteur(s) : Bouchette, Frederic Schuster, Mathieu Ghienne, Jean-Francois Denamiel, Clea Roquin, Claude Moussa, Abderamane Marsaleix, Patrick Duringer, Philippe Auteurs secondaires : Géosciences Montpellier ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Université de Montpellier (UM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut International de Paléoprimatologie, Paléontologie Humaine : Evolution et Paléoenvironnement (IPHEP) ; Université de Poitiers - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) HR-Wallingford, ; Université du Québec Laboratoire d'aérologie - LA (LA) ; Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS) - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier Résumé : International audience Holocene Lake Mega-Chad (LMC) was the largest late Quaternary water-body in Africa. The development of this giant paleo-lake is related to a northward shift of the isohyetes interpreted as evidence for an enhanced Monsoon (African Humid Period). Numerous preserved coastal features have been described all around the LMC shore. Such features reveal the main paleo-hydrodynamical tendencies. In the context of a closed water-body like LMC, hydrodynamics are forced mainly by winds. We use a three-dimensional numerical model (SYMPHONIE) to simulate the mean hydrodynamics in LMC under both Harmattan-like (northeasterly trade winds) and Monsoon-like (southwesterly winds) forcings. The northern part of LMC displays coastal features, such as sand spits, that are consistent with the simulations forced by Harmattan-like winds. Geomorphic features related to Monsoon-driven hydrodynamics are not clearly expressed. They could have developed during the early stage of LMC but subsequently reworked. At the time of sand-spit building, Harmattan-like driven hydrodynamics prevailed and related coastal features were preferentially preserved in the sedimentary record. ISSN: 0033-5894 hal-00475633 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00475633 DOI : 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.010 | Partager |
Demande et Géographie du commerce des mules entre les empires dans la Caraïbe Auteur(s) : Klooster, Wim Année de publication : Loading the player... Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles AIHP-GEODE : Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine/Géographie- Développement Environnement de la Caraïbe HARCMAR : Histoire et Archéologie Maritimes des Petites Antilles Extrait de : "Entre exclusif et contrebande, le commerce colonial aux Antilles XVIIe-début XIXe siècle" : journées d'étude, du 24 au 26 octobre 2019. Université des Antilles Description : In the eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries, inter-imperial connections, many of which were illicit, were of crucial importance in the functioning of European colonialism in the Atlantic world and during its heyday. One example of economically important trade connections across imperial borders is the maritime mule trade. Based on a large variety of secondary sources, supplemented by primary materials, this paper seeks to provide insights into the functioning of this business. Enterprising merchants used the opportunities available to them to connect breeding areas and zones of cash crop production. Likewise, geography played an important role in connecting demand and supply over both short and long distances, as physical proximity and trade winds helped forge connections. Mules were transported to the insular Caribbean, and in particular the French islands, to serve as draft animals, especially by moving vertical cylinders called rollers that crushed the sugar cane, although they were not the only animals used for such purposes. To meet the mule demand of the Caribbean islands, the animals were imported from a variety of regions, including France, North Africa, and the Cape Verde islands. Eventually, however, supplies from other parts of the Greater Caribbean came to dominate the mule business. Siècle(s) traité(s) : 18 Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V19112 V19112 | Partager |
Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate Auteur(s) : Stopa, Justin Cheung, Kwok Fai Éditeur(s) : Wiley-Blackwell Résumé : The Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) provides a wealth of information spanning 1979–2009 for investigation of ocean wind and wave climate. Preprocessing of the data is necessary to remove the dominant seasonal signals and to create time series of semimonthly averaged wind speed and significant wave height over a 0.5° global grid. We perform an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to extract the dominant space-time patterns. The results for the three major ocean basins show strong zonal structures in the winds and saturation of the swells corroborating prior works with various data sets. We reexamine the CFSR data in the frequency domain to identify periodic signals associated with published climate indices. The Fourier transform of the preprocessed time series generates spectra ranging from 1 month to 15 years period for an EOF analysis. The results demonstrate the spatial structures and periods of climate phenomena. The Arctic Oscillation dominates the Atlantic basin with a broad range of intra-annual signals off the European coasts. The Indian and Pacific Oceans are strongly influenced by inter-annual cycles of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctica Oscillation. The Indian Ocean also has strong intra-annual components ranging from 50 to 80 days period. The ENSO proves to be a ubiquitous signal around the globe, and in particular, saturates the Pacific with strong influences in the equatorial region and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies. A commonality of all basins is that the magnitude and the spatial structure of the intra-annual and inter-annual signals are similar suggesting a wide range of periods in each of the climate cycles examined. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (21699275) (Wiley-Blackwell), 2014-08 , Vol. 119 , N. 8 , P. 5563-5584 Droits : 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00210/32149/30606.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00210/32149/30607.pdf DOI:10.1002/2013JC009729 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00210/32149/ | Partager Voir aussi wind and wave climate teleconnection patterns periodicity EOF frequency analysis wave hindcasting Télécharger |
Taylor Law in Wind Energy Data Auteur(s) : CALIF, Rudy Schmitt, François G Auteurs secondaires : Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Énergies (LaRGE) ; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG) Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG) ; Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI Résumé : International audience The Taylor power law (or temporal fluctuation scaling), is a scaling relationship of the form σ ~ (P)λ where !! is the standard deviation and hPi the mean value of a sample of a time series has been observed for power output data sampled at 5 min and 1 s and from five wind farms and a single wind turbine, located at different places. Furthermore, an analogy with the turbulence field is performed, consequently allowing the establishment of a scaling relationship between the turbulent production IP and the mean value (P) ISSN: 2079-9276 hal-01528077 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528077 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528077/document https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01528077/file/resources-04-00787.pdf DOI : 10.3390/resources4040787 | Partager |
On the Use of Doppler Shift for Sea Surface Wind Retrieval From SAR Auteur(s) : Mouche, Alexis Collard, Fabrice Chapron, Bertrand Dagestad, Knut-frode Guitton, Gilles Johannessen, Johnny A. Kerbaol, Vincent Hansen, Morten Wergeland Éditeur(s) : Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc Résumé : The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Doppler centroid has been used to estimate the scatter line-of-sight radar velocity. In weak to moderate ocean surface current environment, the SAR Doppler centroid is dominated by the directionality and strength of wave-induced ocean surface displacements. In this paper, we show how this sea state signature can be used to improve surface wind retrieval from SAR. Doppler shifts of C-band radar return signals from the ocean are thoroughly investigated by colocating wind measurements from the ASCAT scatterometer with Doppler centroid anomalies retrieved from Envisat ASAR. An empirical geophysical model function (CDOP) is derived, predicting Doppler shifts at both VV and HH polarization as function of wind speed, radar incidence angle, and wind direction with respect to radar look direction. This function is used into a Bayesian inversion scheme in combination with wind from a priori forecast model and the normalized radar cross section (NRCS). The benefit of Doppler for SAR wind retrieval is shown in complex meteorological situations such as atmospheric fronts or low pressure systems. Using in situ information, validation reveals that this method helps to improve the wind direction retrieval. Uncertainty of the calibration of Doppler shift from Envisat ASAR hampers the inversion scheme in cases where NRCS and model wind are accurate and in close agreement. The method is however very promising with respect of future SAR missions, in particular Sentinel-1, where the Doppler centroid anomaly will be more robustly retrieved. Ieee Transactions On Geoscience And Remote Sensing (0196-2892) (Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc), 2012-07 , Vol. 50 , N. 7 , P. 2901-2909 Droits : 2012 IEEE http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00088/19896/17554.pdf DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2174998 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00088/19896/ | Partager |