Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Les zones franches sont des espaces de dérogations législative et sociale. Elles sont spécialisées dans des activités manufacturières où dominent majoritairement l’assemblage textile et minoritairement l’électronique et les services. Elles se développent dans la région Caraïbe, au cours des décennies 1980 et 1990, dans un contexte économique favorable. Dans cet article nous nous interrogeons sur les causes économiques de leur émergence. Ces espaces industriels sont difficiles à définir tant les activités présentes sont diverses et évolutives dans le temps. C’est pour cette raison que dans la première partie nous traitons de la complexité de cette notion. Ensuite, nous verrons les causes économiques de leur émergence. Le semi-échec des politiques d’industrialisation par substitution des importations oriente l’industrialisation vers l’extraversion. Les principes libéraux appliqués à Puerto-Rico servent à encadrer les industries exportatrices. Les plans d’ajustement du FMI pour réguler le problème de l’endettement ont servi de catalyseur aux exportations des biens manufacturés. Parallèlement, les accords commerciaux du Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) avec la puissance étasunienne ont encadré leur essor. Enfin, nous montrerons les modalités de leur implantation dans la Caraïbe, modalités qui induisent des différences géographiques entre des îles entièrement franches et celles où les zones franches sont des enclaves économiques. L’étude de ces dernières en République dominicaine permet de mettre en exergue leur expansion spatiale.
The free zones are spaces of social and legislative exemptions. They are specialized in manufacturing activities dominated mainly by the textile assembly. They develop in the Caribbean during decades 1980s and 1990s, in a favourable economic environment. In this article we question the economic causes of their emergence. These industrial areas are difficult to define as these activities are diverse and evolving over time. For this reason in the first part we deal with the complexity of the concept. Then we will see the economic causes of their emergence. The semi-failed policies of industrialization by import substitution industrialization oriented toward the extrovert. The IMF adjustment plans to regulate the problem of indebtedness has been a catalyst for exports of manufactured goods. Meanwhile, the trade agreements of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) with the U.S.A. supervised their development. Finally, we show how their presence in the Caribbean, conditions that lead to geographical differences between completely free zone islands and those where the free zones are economic enclaves. The recent study in the Dominican Republic will highlight their spatial expansion.
Caraïbes

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.4100
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/4100

Éditeur(s) : Imp. de l'État Imp. de l'État ( [Port-au-Prince Haiti )
Résumé : At head of title: Législation haïtienne.
En annexe: Entreprises nouvelles--Nationalité haïtienne.
(Statement of Responsibility) par Amilcar Lamy.
Haiti
Haiti
Haiti

000066103
27409084
AAH1318

Résumé : This report includes a qualitative and descriptive approach of the oyster and mussel industries in the European Community. This report compares the structure of production, the marketsn the professional organisation, competition for the resource, legislation and support systemat the community levell. Technical and statistical datas are summarized to représent the structure of the industry, the trade flows and the main evolutions of the two industries in the EC. A summary of the county reports gives an overview of the present state of the industry in each country and suggest a first evaluation of constraints and prospects. [NOT CONTROLLDED OCR]
Ce rapport comprend une approche descriptive et qualitative du secteur conchylicole traditionnel (moules et huîtres) dans la Communauté Européenne. Il aborde les aspects production, marché, organisation, réglementation, système d'aide dans les différents pays par une analyse comparative des secteurs, complétée par une synthèse chiffrée des données techniques et statistiques. Une vision d'ensemble des flux et de l'évolution des deux filières dans la Communauté est ainsi présentée. Un résumé des rapports nationaux évalue l'organisation, les contraintes et les perspectives du secteur dans chacun des pays. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : 1993 Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/rapport-4176.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/sup-4176.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4176/

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : En Algérie l’intérêt porté au littoral est récent, la loi relative à la protection et à la valorisation du littoral date du 05 février 2002. Depuis, les pouvoirs publics ont consenti dans ce domaine des efforts effectifs et une politique très ambitieuse a été mise en œuvre.En effet, des plans d’aménagement côtiers ont été lancés à travers les 15 wilayas littorales que compte le pays et des commissariats nationaux du littoral ont été installés.Cependant, cette loi et ces instruments ont-ils modifié la gestion des espaces littoraux ? L’urbanisation a-t-elle été freinée ? Les dispositions de la loi sont-elles appliquées ? Ce sont des questions auxquelles nous allons tenter de répondre à travers le cas des communes littorales de la wilaya d’Oran, la plus importante ville côtière de l’ouest algérien.
In Algeria the interest took in the coastal areas is new, the law relating to the protection and development of the coastal areas dates from 5th February 2002. Since that time the authorities have made real efforts in this field and a very ambitious policy has been implemented.Indeed, management schemes have been launched for 15 coastal towns within the country and national commissions devoted to the coastal areas have been installed.However, have this law and these instruments changed the management of the coastal areas? Has the urbanization stopped? Is the law implemented?These are the questions we will try to answer by observing the coastal areas of Oran, the most important coastal city of western part Algeria.
Algérie
Oran

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.5959
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5959

Résumé : This work does not aim to defend or criticize. It is made of a collection of studies conducted, under our authority, by the team (RCP n° 258 of the CNRS) created two years ago, within the Institut du Droit de la Paix et du Développement (1), to study the questions raised by the questioning of marine legislation by, on the one hand, technical development and, on the other hand, the disputation of traditional legislation by developing countries.
L'ouvrage que nous présentons ne vise ni à la défense ni à la critique. Il est constitué par un ensemble de recherches menées, sous notre direction, par l'équipe (RCP no 258 du CNRS) créée il y a plus de deux ans, au sein de l'Institut du Droit de la Paix et du Développement (1) pour étudier les diverses questions soulevées par la remise en question du droit de la mer du fait tant de l'avancement des techniques que de la contestation des règles traditionnelles par les pays en voie de développement. [OCR NON CONTRÔLE]

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1974/rapport-4802.PDF
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4802/

Éditeur(s) : Canal Zone Government ( Balboa Heights, C.Z. )
Panama
Panama
Canal Zone
Panama
Canal Zone

Droits : This item is a work of the U.S. federal government and not protected by copyright pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §105.
03477923
029312997
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00097362/00005

Éditeur(s) : Impr. "Les Presses libres" Impr. "Les Presses libres" ( Port-au-Prince, Haïti )
Résumé : (System Details) Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002.
(Statement of Responsibility) Pierre C. Alexandre.
"Au service de l'administration haïtienne."
"Préface de Me. Félix Soray ... Collection du Sesquicentenaire"--Cover.
Includes legislation.
Haiti
Haïti

610565497

Éditeur(s) : Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Econo´micas, Instituto de Investigaciones Econo´micas y Sociales Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Econo´micas, Instituto de Investigaciones Econo´micas y Sociales Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales ( Guatemala )
Résumé : Cover title.
Includes texts of decrees, agreements, circulars and regulations (leaves 81-222)
Guatemala
Guatemala

AAP7914
01675935
000131888

Éditeur(s) : Imprenta de Taracena e hijos Imprenta de Taracena e hijos ( Guatemala )
Guatemala
Guatemala
Guatemala

002727121
20839360
ANK4879

Éditeur(s) : Office Int Epizooties
Résumé : The tremendous development of penaeid shrimp culture across the world over the past twenty years has led to international trade in eggs, larvae and spawners of the best shrimp species for aquaculture. Trade has involved, in particular, the following species: - Penaeus japonicus from Japan to Europe, the Pacific Islands and South America - P. monodon from South-East Asia to almost all tropical countries - P. vannamei and P. stylirostris from countries along the Pacific coast of South and Central America to the United States of America, the islands of the South Pacific, countries along the Atlantic coast of the Americas and certain countries in Africa. In the 1980s, research conducted by American and French teams enabled the breeding of stocks of spawners in captivity. This resulted in the establishment of lines of captive broodstock outside natural areas of distribution, and the development of new breeding farms in previously unproductive regions. Trade related to movements of these species is facilitated by the absence of legislation in most countries; even when such legislation does exist, it is not always applied These practices have led to the rapid development of world shrimp production, but have also contributed to the dissemination of pathogens. In recent years, the occurrence of serious epizootics - occasioning heavy losses world-wide - has led to a more cautious approach involving trade of post-larvae obtained from captive broodstock in which thorough control measures have been implemented for known diseases. Trade in wild shrimp will probably be abandoned progressively, to avoid the risk of introducing new pathogens. The main challenges for research in the near future are the development of diagnostic tools, to enable continuous control of captive broodstock, and the selection of strains which are resistant to the principal pathogens affecting these species.
Revue Scientifique Et Technique-office International Des Epizooties (0253-1933) (Office Int Epizooties), 1996-06 , Vol. 15 , N. 2 , P. 499-515

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00091/20231/17883.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00091/20231/

Éditeur(s) : Kugelmann Kugelmann ( Paris )
Résumé : (Statement of Responsibility) par Ulrick Duvivier.
Title from PDF t.p. (LLMC Digital, viewed on Dec. 21, 2010)
Haiti
Haïti
Haiti
Haïti

693903939

Éditeur(s) : Impr. de Rambla y Bouza Impr. de Rambla y Bouza ( Habana )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) t. 1- 1909-
At head of title: República de Cuba.
Imprint varies slightly.
Cuba
Cuba

000351242
08625889
ABY9101
16021317

Éditeur(s) : Canal Zone Government ( Balboa Heights, C.Z )
Panama
Panama
Canal Zone
Panama
Canal Zone

Droits : This item is a work of the U.S. federal government and not protected by copyright pursuant to 17 U.S.C. §105.
05917385
029312997
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00097362/00014

Éditeur(s) : Impr. de Rambla y Bouza Impr. de Rambla y Bouza ( Habana )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) t. 1- 1909-
At head of title: República de Cuba.
Imprint varies slightly.
Cuba
Cuba

000351242
08625889
ABY9101
16021317

Éditeur(s) : Pan American Union Pan American Union ( Washington, D. C. )
Résumé : Prepared by the General Legal Division, Pan American Union.
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic

ABC1721
02115142
000251572
65062302

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD BioMed Central
Résumé : International audience
Resistance to artemisinin casts a shadow on the fight against malaria. The importance of illegal gold miners and of malaria in isolated regions of French Guiana constitutes a threat that endangers the fight against malaria in the Amazon. The hurdles of French laws and the remoteness of the territory from France make it impossible for the system to adapt to the problem of total inaccessibility of an important part of the malaria problem. Transmission is high in these areas and gold miners self-medicate with erratic regimens of artemisinin combinations, thus creating perfect conditions for the emergence of resistance. What needs to be done is being done, but within the limits of national law, with some results. However, facing the same difficult problem, Suriname shows more flexibility and is doing much better than French Guiana despite having lower resources. Local authorities in French Guiana cannot overrule the laws that block appropriate malaria care from reaching a third of malaria-exposed persons. Thus the health authorities in France should take immediate calibrated legislative and financial measures to avoid a predictable disaster.
ISSN: 1475-2875

inserm-00838961
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838961
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838961/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00838961/file/Nacher_et_al._Malaria_J.pdf
PUBMED : 23641802

Éditeur(s) : Caribbean Development Research Services Inc Caribbean Development Research Services Inc ( Barbados )
Résumé : The actually stated legislative preferences of Guyanese at this time are noteworthy since these speak to the activities that Guyanese wish to prevent. In this regard it is clear that Guyanese desire most to prevent “public sex” of any sort, but are especially concerned about relations between two or three men. Although there is a stated preference for the retention of the buggery law, there is little interest in having the state prevent private sex between adults (of any sex) if that were possible. This peculiarity suggests that Guyanese are perhaps really concerned about public manifestations of sexual orientation, as distinct from private manifestations and appear to believe that the changing of the laws would help to encourage these public manifestations. The juxtaposition of Guyanese support for decriminalisation (of homosexual acts) with their opinion on other major social issues does lend support to the suggestion that Guyanese are less committed to the retention of these laws than they are to issues like corporal punishment which also have a religious justification. This distance is significant, as is the finding in the survey that the position of a political party is not likely to affect its chances at the polls.

Droits : All rights reserved by the source institution.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00016151/00001

Éditeur(s) : Estab. Tip. "La Unión" Estab. Tip. "La Unión" ( Guatemala )
Guatemala

001041420
23676421
AFC4083

Éditeur(s) : Impr. de Rambla y Bouza Impr. de Rambla y Bouza ( Habana )
Résumé : (Dates or Sequential Designation) t. 1- 1909-
At head of title: República de Cuba.
Imprint varies slightly.
Cuba
Cuba

000351242
08625889
ABY9101
16021317

Éditeur(s) : Nurses Association of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas Nurses Association of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas ( Nassau, Bahamas )
Bahamas

Droits : [cc by-nd] This item is licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives License. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author.
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00026721/00001