Éditeur(s) : Vitale Mascardi
Extrait de : Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus Vol.1 (p. 348)
Résumé : Sapin sacré du Mexique (Abies religiosa), acxoyate (du nahuatl acxoyatl), ou encore appelé oyamel, est un conifère de taille imposante de la famille des Pinacées
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 17
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/images/BBX17011-0368i1
BBX17011-0368i1

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
A young boy stands on the beach near a cement wall on New Providence, Bahamas. In the distance are buildings which are separated from their neighbors by a cement walls. Palm trees and conifers can also be seen. Slide labeled South Coast N.P. April '65.
Bahamas -- North America -- Nassau, New Providence Island

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 13:14
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00029236/00001

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
A walking path lined with various conifer trees and palm trees near the ocean on Bimini, Bahamas. Slide labeled Bryant Bimini Mar '46.
Bahamas -- North America -- Bimini

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 7:15
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028541/00001

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
A view of two houses on Spanish Wells, the main town on Saint George’s Cay, Eleuthera, Bahamas. One of the houses is an unpainted one story, wooden house while the other is a pink two story, wooden house. Palm trees and conifers line the narrow street leading towards the sea. Slide labeled Bryant Spanish Wells Mar. '46.
Bahamas -- North America -- Spanish Wells, Saint George’s Cay

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 9:13
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028697/00001

Résumé : The slides were taken on collecting trips sponsored by the William L. Bryant Foundation, where books, music and art indigenous to the regions were gathered. The are organized by geographical location.
A walking path next to a concrete building wall leading to conifer tree hedges near the ocean on Bimini, Bahamas. Slide labeled Bimini Mar '46.
Bahamas -- North America -- Bimini

Droits : All rights to images are held by the respective holding institution. This image is posted publicly for non-profit educational uses, excluding printed publication. For permission to reproduce images and/or for copyright information contact Special Collections & University Archives, University of Central Florida Libraries, Orlando, FL 32816 phone (407) 823-2576, email: speccoll@mail.ucf.edu
CFM1972_01a
Sheet 7:13
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00028538/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
Forest ecosystems have integral roles in climate stability, biodiversity and economic development. Soil stewardship is essential for sustainable forest management. Organic matter (OM) removal and soil compaction are key disturbances associated with forest harvesting, but their impacts on forest ecosystems are not well understood. Because microbiological processes regulate soil ecology and biogeochemistry, microbial community structure might serve as indicator of forest ecosystem status, revealing changes in nutrient and energy flow patterns before they have irreversible effects on long-term soil productivity. We applied massively parallel pyrosequencing of over 4.6 million ribosomal marker sequences to assess the impact of OM removal and soil compaction on bacterial and fungal communities in a field experiment replicated at six forest sites in British Columbia, Canada. More than a decade after harvesting, diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities remained significantly altered by harvesting disturbances, with individual taxonomic groups responding differentially to varied levels of the disturbances. Plant symbionts, like ectomycorrhizal fungi, and saprobic taxa, such as ascomycetes and actinomycetes, were among the most sensitive to harvesting disturbances. Given their significant ecological roles in forest development, the fate of these taxa might be critical for sustainability of forest ecosystems. Although abundant bacterial populations were ubiquitous, abundant fungal populations often revealed a patchy distribution, consistent with their higher sensitivity to the examined soil disturbances. These results establish a comprehensive inventory of bacterial and fungal community composition in northern coniferous forests and demonstrate the long-term response of their structure to key disturbances associated with forest harvesting. The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 2199-2218; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.84; published online 2 August 2012
ISSN: 1751-7362

hal-01546179
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546179
DOI : 10.1038/ismej.2012.84

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : In order to analyze the large-scale structure of the genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), a pseudo-testcross genetic linkage map was built using markers of six different types, belonging to the low (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, simple sequence repeats) or high (sequence-specific amplified polymorphisms, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms) copy-number fraction of the genome, and including expressed region-derived markers (expressed sequence tag polymorphisms). Twenty seven and 23 linkage groups of at least four markers were obtained for the female and the male parent maps, respectively. A subset of these linkage groups coalesced into 13 bi-parental linkage groups through markers shared between the two maps. This map was used to investigate the frequency of each marker type over chromosomes and the distribution of marker types relative to each other, using autocorrelation techniques. Our results show that, while the composition of chromosomes is homogeneous, low- and high-copy-number markers tend to occupy separate regions of the linkage groups, and that expressed sequences are preferentially associated with microsatellites and separated from retrotransposons. These results indicate that the spatial structure of Norway spruce chromosomes is not homogeneous
ISSN: 1614-2942

hal-01032033
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032033
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-005-0012-2

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD SpringerLink
Résumé : The development of microsatellite markers can be a time-consuming process, especially in species such as conifers where many microsatellites have been shown to be associated with the repetitive fraction of the genome and to produce complex banding patterns following electrophoresis. Therefore, procedures to eliminate this fraction from further processing are sought. In this paper, we report on the development of 53 dinucleotide SSR markers in Norway spruce, 35 of which (66%) produce simple, polymorphic patterns. This high efficiency is obtained by introducing a dot-blot selection against high copy number sequences, performed on the microsatellite-containing clones. The resulting markers turned out to be polymorphic and useful for population genetic studies and for linkage mapping. Seven additional markers that were not subject to the dot-blot selection are also presented.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics

hal-01031865
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031865
DOI : 10.1007/s00122-001-0843-7

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Genetic variation is generally considered a prerequisite for adaptation to new environmental conditions. Thus the discovery of genetically depauperate but geographically widespread species is unexpected. We used 12 paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellites to estimate population genetic variation across the full range of an emblematic circum-Mediterranean conifer, stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). The same chloroplast DNA haplotype is fixed in nearly all of the 34 investigated populations. Such a low level of variation is consistent with a previous report of very low levels of diversity at nuclear loci in this species. Stone pine appears to have passed through a severe and prolonged demographic bottleneck, followed by subsequent natural- and human-mediated dispersal across the Mediterranean Basin. No other abundant and widespread plant species has as little genetic diversity as P. pinea at both chloroplast and nuclear markers. However, the species harbors a nonnegligible amount of variation at adaptive traits. Thus a causal relationship between genetic diversity, as measured by marker loci, and the evolutionary precariousness of a species, cannot be taken for granted
ISSN: 0014-3820

hal-01032062
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032062
DOI : 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00294.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Résumé : International audience
Reaction wood produces very peculiar maturation stresses at the tree periphery i.e. compressive stress or very high tensile stress, for compression and tension wood respectively, as compared to moderately high tensile stress for normal wood. This means that both its mechanical state and its mechanical and physical properties differ from normal wood. Compression wood shows big differences from normal wood in conifers, for all physical and mechanical properties: higher density and axial crushing strength (MOR) but lower modulus of elasticity (MOE), far higher axial (longitudinal) shrinkage but lower radial and tangential shrinkage, sometimes even lower than the axial shrinkage. For tension wood things are less simple and can vary a lot from hardwood species to species. Globally there are no systematic differences in density and transverse shrinkage, MOE tends to be a little higher while MOR is slightly lower. However, axial shrinkage is much higher for tension wood with a gelatinous layer (G layer) than normal wood due to the specific gel like organization of cellulose microfibrils in the G layer. For tension wood without a G layer(which is rather frequent) axial shrinkage in the first drying operation is around two times higher than in normal wood mainly because of a kind of hygro-thermal release of locked in maturation stress. Overall the very high tensile stress and stored elastic energy in tension wood lead to problemsin wood processing (end splitting and board warping), which is far less the case for compression wood. But due to the large difference in properties relative to normal wood, compression wood occurrence is always a big problem for the in service behaviour of timber, which is seldom the case for tension wood.
The biology of reaction wood

ISBN : 978-3-642-10813-6
hal-01135273
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135273