Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Rainforest tree species can be difficult to identify outside of their period of reproduction. Vascular tissues from Carapa spp. individuals were collected during a short field trip in French Guiana and analysed in the laboratory with nuclear and chloroplast markers. Using a Bayesian approach, > 90% of the samples could be assigned to one of two distinct clusters corresponding to previously described species, making it possible to estimate the genetic structure of each species and to identify cases of introgression. We argue that this blind procedure represents a first-choice rather than a fallback option whenever related taxa are investigated.
ISSN: 0962-1083

hal-01031226
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031226
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03040.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Epidemiology
Séoul, South Korea

hal-01118592
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118592
DOI : 10.1097/01.ede.0000392058.70591.a3

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
Résumé : International audience
ISSN: 1044-3983

hal-00875980
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875980
DOI : 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318246073e
PUBMED : 22317818

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Herbicides are generally the most extensively used of the pesticides applied to agricultural crops. However, the literature contains little evidence useful in assessing the potential sources of the general population's exposure to herbicides, including by residential proximity to crops. The objective of this study was to take advantage of data from the PELAGIE mother-child cohort to identify the main determinants of the body burden of exposure to the chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides commonly used on corn crops in Brittany, France, before 2006. Urine samples from a randomly selected subcohort of women in the first trimester of pregnancy (n=579) were assayed for herbicide metabolites. The residential exposure resulting from proximity to corn crops was assessed with satellite-image-based scores combined with meteorological data. Data on diet, drinking tap water (from the public water supply), occupations, and household herbicide use were collected by questionnaires. Herbicides were quantified in 5.3% to 39.7% of urine samples. Alachlor and acetochlor were found most frequently in the urine of women living in rural areas. The presence of dealkylated triazine metabolites in urine samples was positively associated with residential proximity to corn crops (OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.80). Urinary metabolites of both atrazine and dealkylated triazine were correlated with tap water consumption (OR=2.94, 1.09-7.90, and OR=1.82, 1.10-3.03, respectively); hydroxylated triazine metabolites were correlated with fish intake (OR=1.48, 1.09-1.99). This study reinforces previous results that suggest that environmental contamination resulting from agricultural activities may contribute to the general population's exposure to herbicides.
Environment International

hal-00966842
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00966842
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00966842/document
DOI : 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.010
PUBMED : 24246238

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Genetic variation is generally considered a prerequisite for adaptation to new environmental conditions. Thus the discovery of genetically depauperate but geographically widespread species is unexpected. We used 12 paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellites to estimate population genetic variation across the full range of an emblematic circum-Mediterranean conifer, stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). The same chloroplast DNA haplotype is fixed in nearly all of the 34 investigated populations. Such a low level of variation is consistent with a previous report of very low levels of diversity at nuclear loci in this species. Stone pine appears to have passed through a severe and prolonged demographic bottleneck, followed by subsequent natural- and human-mediated dispersal across the Mediterranean Basin. No other abundant and widespread plant species has as little genetic diversity as P. pinea at both chloroplast and nuclear markers. However, the species harbors a nonnegligible amount of variation at adaptive traits. Thus a causal relationship between genetic diversity, as measured by marker loci, and the evolutionary precariousness of a species, cannot be taken for granted
ISSN: 0014-3820

hal-01032062
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032062
DOI : 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00294.x