North America -- Cuba -- Florida
North America -- United States of America -- Florida
David Levy Yulee lifespan
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida

Florida
David Levy Yulee lifespan
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida

Éditeur(s) : Inter-research
Résumé : Environmental conditions experienced by aquatic organisms are archived in biogenic carbonates such as fish otoliths, bivalve shells and coral skeletons. These calcified structures present an accretionary growth and variations in optical properties - color or opacity - that are used to reconstruct time. Full and reliable exploitation of the information extracted from these structures is, however, often limited as the metabolic processes that control their growth and their optical properties are poorly understood. Here, we propose a new modeling framework that couples both the growth of a biogenic carbonate and its optical properties with the metabolism of the organism. The model relies on well-tested properties of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. It is applied to otoliths of the Bay of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) for which a DEB model has been previously developed. The model reproduces well-known otolith patterns and thus provides us with mechanisms for the metabolic control of otolith size and opacity at the scale of an individual lifespan. Two original contributions using this framework are demonstrated. First, the model can be used to reconstruct the temporal variations in the food assimilated by an individual fish. Reconstructing food conditions of past and present aquatic species in their natural environment is key ecological information to better understand population dynamics. Second, we show that non-seasonal checks can be discriminated from seasonal checks, which is a well-recognized problem when interpreting fish otoliths. We discuss further developments of the model and the experimental settings required to test this new promising framework.
Marine Ecology-progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-research), 2012 , Vol. 447 , P. 151-164

Droits : 2012 Inter-Research
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/14593.pdf
DOI:10.3354/meps09492
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00060/17082/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since 1980 a programme of Fish Aggregation Device (fad) deployment has been carried out in the Cook Islands. Government has deployed all fads between 1 to 3 nautical miles from shore at depths ranging from 800 to 1,600 metres. The fads have undergone various designs with varying degrees of success. The average fad lifespan during the early 1980s was nine months; however, it increased to 18 months, with some fads in operation in excess of 30 months. Each fad cost between nz$ 7,000 and nz$ 9,000 to build and deploy. Since their introduction, fad have been widely accepted as a very effective apparatus in coastal small-scale fishing activities, specifically for pelagic species. Judging by the progressive behaviour of local fishing communities, there is sufficient reason to believe that fads have created productive fishing zones for Cook Islands fishermen to enable them to supply the ever-increasing local market for fresh fish. fads are an integral part of local fishing communities and provide a reasonable form of income to the increasing fishing community.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/12654.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15323/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
During their immature life stages, malaria mosquitoes are exposed to a wide array of microbes and contaminants from the aquatic habitats. Although prior studies have suggested that environmental exposure shapes the microbial community structure in the adult mosquito, most reports have focused on laboratory-based experiments and on a single mosquito epithelium, the gut. In this study, we investigated the influence of the breeding site on the development of the Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae microbiota in natural conditions. We characterized bacterial communities from aquatic habitats, at surface microlayer and subsurface water levels, to freshly emerge adult mosquitoes using multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and we separately analyzed the microbiota associated with the different epithelia of adult individual, midguts, ovaries and salivary glands. We found that the distribution of bacterial communities in the aquatic habitats differed according to the depth of water collections. Inter-individual variation of bacterial composition was large in larvae guts but adult mosquitoes from a same breeding site shared quite similar microbiota. Although some differences in bacterial abundances were highlighted between the different epithelia of freshly emerged An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, an intriguing feature from our study is the particular similarity of the overall bacterial communities. Our results call for further investigations on the bacterial population dynamics in the different tissues to determine the distinctive characteristics of each microbiota during the mosquito lifespan and to identify specific interactions between certain key phyla or species and the insect life history traits.
ISSN: 1567-1348

hal-01546167
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01546167
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.029

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVES:Blood rheology plays a key role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell anaemia (SS) and sickle cell haemoglobin C disease (SC), but its evolution over the lifespan is unknown.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Blood viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation, foetal haemoglobin (HbF) and haematocrit were measured in 114 healthy individuals (AA), 267 SS (161 children + 106 adults) and 138 SC (74 children + 64 adults) patients.RESULTS:Our results showed that 1) RBC deformability is at its maximal value during the early years of life in SS and SC populations, mainly because HbF level is also at its peak, 2) during childhood and adulthood, hydroxycarbamide treatment, HbF level and gender modulated RBC deformability in SS patients, independently of age, 3) blood viscosity is higher in older SS and SC patients compared to younger ones and 4) haematocrit decreases as SS patients age.CONCLUSION:The hemorheological changes detected in older patients could play a role in the progressive development of several chronic disorders in sickle cell disease, whose prevalence increases with age. Retarding these age-related haemorheological impairments, by using suitable drugs, may minimize the risks of vaso-occlusive events and chronic disorders.
ISSN: 1932-6203

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01669747
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01669747
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0158182
PUBMED : 27355589
PUBMEDCENTRAL : PMC4927160

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : A new programme concerning the experimentation of about thirty Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) is to start in the Cape Verde Islands at the end of 1999. In this context, this communication is intended: - to evaluate the halieutic, economic and social conditions of the artisanal fishery in this archipelago, notably in terms of assets and constraints. Although these conditions are very heterogeneous depending on islands, the fads seem to be able to help the stabilization and the development of the fishing activities, disadvantaged by a low productivity, limited operating ranges of boats, and very irregular outings at sea. But the narrowness of the domestic market is likely to cause drops in the fish prices if the production increases, while the absence of institutional framework may be a handicap at the level of the management (of the programme itself, and/or of some possible conflicts of uses); - to carry out an assessment of the former experiments. It emphasized the insufficiency of the follow-up and the maintenance of the structures, of which the lifespan varied at the most between four and six months, as well as the positive effects of the concentration, and the interest of the fishermen already sensitized with these structures.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/12644.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15317/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Hawaii was one of the first locations to adapt the Philippine payao concept for use in high energy, deep-water environments. Initial experimental fad deployments were made by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 1977. In 1980, the State of Hawaii started deploying FADs in a programme that has since expanded to its current status of 52 approved surface fad sites. Funding is primarily derived from federal US programmes and the FADs are primarily focused on the sport fishing community. fad sites were selected to expedite access by sport fishermen; specific sites were chosen after consultation with fishermen at public hearings. Since 1997, the FAD system has been managed on a collaborative basis between the State of Hawaii and the University of Hawaii. Hawaiian FADs evolved through two previous designs before the current system of single-sphere spar-buoy was adopted. Today's FADs have an "inverse catenary" mooring system comprised of sections of floating and sinking rope attached to a "tripod" concrete block anchor system. fad sites range between 3.2 km and 46 km from shore. Mooring depths range between 200 and 3,000 metres. Average on-site longevity is 31 months; there is no correlation between longevity and depth of mooring. Windward locations have significantly shorter lifespans than leeward locations. Ten to twenty fads are replaced each year. Each FAD costs approximately us$ 7,500 to build and deploy. Hawaiian fads are heavily used by private and commercial sport fishermen and by small-scale artisanal and commercial fishermen. Commercial pole-and-line boats occasionally use the FADs to capture skipjack tuna. Hawaiian FADs will continue to be used for various types of pelagic fisheries research.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/12666.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15280/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : Since the early 1980's, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC, formerly the South Pacific Commission) has contributed to the development of FAD programmes for the artisanal fisheries sector in the Pacific region. In particular, it has put considerable efforts into developing technology that would assure a two-year average FAD lifespan, while maintaining costs under US$ 4,000 per FAD unit. From 1996 to 1998, this work led to the publication of three volumes of the SPC FAD Manual. Volume 2 of this manual, "Rigging Deep-Water FAD Moorings", describes in great detail two FAD models that were developed from the original 1983 SPC-recommended model, and gives precise instructions on the way to construct them. Despite SPC's work, the objectives set, in particular the two-year average lifespan for FADs, have not been consistently met, resulting in many FAD programmes in the region being suspended. An analysis of the reasons why this has occurred is presented, along with a short description of the practical research that could be pursued, using different objectives, to introduce new FAD programmes in the region.Original Abstract: Depuis le debut des annees quatre-vingt, le secretariat general de la communaute du Pacifique (SPC, anciennement commission du Pacifique Sud) a soutenu et accompagne le developpement de programmes DCP destines au secteur de la peche artisanale, dans la region Pacifique. Il s'est en particulier efforce de mettre au point des modeles de DCP repondant principalement aux deux criteres suivants: duree de vie superieure a deux ans et cout unitaire moyen inferieur a 4 000 dollars US. Entre 1996 et 1998, ces travaux ont abouti a la publication en trois volumes du manuel de la SPC sur les DCP. Le volume 2 de ce manuel, " La fabrication de DCP pour grandes profondeurs ", presente deux evolutions d'un modele concu en 1983 et en detaille tres precisement les methodes de fabrication. Le present document analyse les raisons pour lesquelles, malgre les efforts deployes, les objectifs fixes, et en particulier la duree de vie minimum de deux ans pour les DCP, n'ont pas ete pleinement atteints et la plupart des programmes DCP de la region ont ete interrompus. Il donne egalement une breve description des axes de recherche appliquee qui pourraient etre suivis, en se fixant d'autres objectifs, pour relancer des programmes DCP dans la region.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/12648.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15291/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag (Germany)
Résumé : International audience
Myrmecophytic symbioses are widespread in tropical ecosystems and their diversity makes them useful tools for understanding the origin and evolution of mutualisms. Obligate ant-plants, or myrmecophytes, provide a nesting place, and, often, food to a limited number of plant-ant species. In exchange, plant-ants protect their host plants from herbivores, competitors and pathogens, and can provide them with nutrients.
Oecologia

hal-00955375
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00955375
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00955375/document
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-010-1739-5
OATAO : 11094