Éditeur(s) : Elsevier
Résumé : A study was conducted using a bioenergetics approach to generate information on energy requirement and feed utilization of Litopenaeus stylirostris. Animals (initial mean weight 21 +/- 1 g were fed ad libitum six experimental diets, ranging from 25 to 58% crude protein (CP), for 50 days. Weight gain increased from 21 to 30 g with increasing dietary protein level. Survival rates averaged 80%. Basal metabolism (HeE) and heat increment of feeding (HiE) were monitored using respirometry. HeE was on average I U shrimp(-1) day(-1) or 47 U kg live weight(-1) day (22 kJ/kg(0.8). d(-1)), slightly more than what is observed in fish. HiE averaged 0.2 W/sbrimp(-1) day(-1) or 10 W kg live weight(-1) day(-1) (4 kJ/kg(0.8) d(-1)). It represented 3 1 % and 12% digestible energy intake (DET) for shrimp fed on 58% CP and 25% CP diet respectively. Non-fecal (UE + ZE) energy calculated on the basis of N-ammonia excretion averaged 0.2 jig N-ammonia/g dry wt./ mn or 25 J live shrimp(-1) day(-1) in fasting stage and increased to 40 J in post-prandial stage. Ammonia production increased with increasing dietary crude protein (CP). The O:N ratio indicated that protein was increasingly used as an energy substrate as CP increased. The information was used to construct an energy budget for shrimp fed a protypical 40% CP diet. Gross energy intake (IE) was estimated at 6.5 W live shrimp(-1) day(-1); digestible energy intake (DEI) at 5, urinary and branchial excretion (UE +ZE) at 1.2, total heat production (HE) at 3.2; recovered energy (RE) at 0.6 (or 11% DEI). L. stylirostris adults issued from domesticated strain appeared to be more efficiently utilizing (i.e. converting into carcass energy) protein than carbohydrates. This preliminary energy budget can be used to construct theoretical feed requirement and waste outputs model for L. stylirostris. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier), 2007-10 , Vol. 271 , N. 1-4 , P. 439-448

Droits : 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-6263.pdf
DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.062
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6263/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD WB Saunders
Résumé : International audience
Objective: the effect of physical activity on food intake regulation may be moderated by environmental temperature. The aim of the study was to determine the single and combined effects of metabolic activity and temperature on energy intake and its hormonal regulation. Methods: A randomized crossover study was conducted in the laboratory. Ten healthy and physically active young Afro-Caribbean men participated in four experimental sessions (rest at 22°C and 31°C and cycling at 60% of their maximal oxygen uptake at 22°C and 31°C, all for 40 minutes). This test period was followed by a 30-minute recovery period and then an ad libitum meal. The main outcome measures were energy balance, subjective appetite, and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), cholecystokinin (CCK) and ghrelin concentrations. Results: Relative energy intake was significantly decreased whereas plasma PP was increased in the exercise conditions (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). Postprandial levels of CCK were elevated only in the rest conditions. Exposure to heat induced a decrease in plasma ghrelin (p=0.031). Conclusions: Exercise induced a short-term energy deficit. However, modifications in the hormonal regulation of food intake in response to short-term heat or heat and exercise exposure seem to be minor and did not induce changes in energy intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02157233.
ISSN: 0026-0495

hal-01496661
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496661
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496661/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01496661/file/Faure%20et%20al%20june%202016.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.004

Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Science Bv
Résumé : There has been growing interest in the development of mud crab aquaculture in New Caledonia. However, for this to become established at a commercial level, a cost-effective formulated feed based on internationally-available ingredients needs to be developed. We have evaluated the optimal dietary protein content for juvenile crabs, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775), using a series of diets with a protein content ranging from 27 to 49% and soy protein concentrate (SPC) as the main protein source. For this purpose, 54 individually housed crabs were allocated to five dietary treatments (n = 10 or 11). The crabs were fed ad libitum, for 81 days with the allocated diets. The apparent digestibilities of dry mater, crude protein and energy were high (96.2-97.3%), irrespective of the diet. The voluntary feed intake (VFI) of crabs widely varied from 46 to 220 g kg- 1of fresh initial body weight per week (iBW week- 1) whatever the diet. However, SPC intake and protein intake increased significantly with dietary protein content up to the diet with 40% crude protein, but did not increase further with diets containing 44% and 49% crude protein. The cumulative molts were strongly affected by the VFI levels or energy intake and also, to a lesser extent, by the levels of SPC or protein in diets. Two phases in tissue gain were observed after ecdysis: an initial deposition phase lasting around 30 days followed by a plateau which lasted until the next molt. The daily tissue growth was 16.5% of dry body weight (dry BW) one day after ecdysis and dramatically decreased to 3.6% of dry BW over the first 10 days, then decreased more slowly to the minimum value of 1.3% of dry BW over the next 70 days. During the course of experiment, the best growth (tissue growth and molt frequency) and the best feed efficiency (FCR, PER, retention of proteins and lipids) were obtained with crabs fed on the diet with 40% crude protein. This result was confirmed by a bioenergetic study which showed significantly higher allocation of the energy intake for growth (RE) of crabs fed on diet 40% crude protein. Finally, under our experimental conditions, 1 kg of juvenile crabs required 6.5 ± 1.1 g of protein per day. This level was obtained with the diet SPC-42 that contained 40% of protein of which almost three quarters were derived from SPC. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the negative effect of high level of SPC or protein on growth and feed efficiency for crabs fed on in diets containing 52% and 60% SPC.
Aquaculture (0044-8486) (Elsevier Science Bv), 2014-10 , Vol. 434 , P. 499-509

Droits : 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00211/32196/30630.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00211/32196/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
The status of ethnic minority has been reported to be associated with a tendency toward sedentary behavior. The Guadeloupean population is composed of Afro-Caribbeans and an Asian Indian minority. This study examined the association of ethnicity and physical activity on the island. Energy expenditures (EE), energy intakes (EI), and macronutrient intakes of 122 Guadeloupean workers (60 Indians and 62 controls) were assessed by three consecutive 24-h recalls. Two-way analyses of variance were conducted to test the hypothesis of an effect of ethnicity, taking the potential effect of sex into account, on these variables. Asian Indians reported lower EE (P=0.011), lower EE/EI ratios (P=0.001), and lower physical activity (P=0.003) than their Afro-Carribean counterparts. Their food intakes were not different in terms of EI or macronutrient intake. No sex × ethnicity interactions were significant. The present study reports a tendency toward physical inactivity in Asian Indians of Guadeloupe associated with EI similar to those of controls. Sedentary lifestyles and energetic imbalances are well-documented risk factors for several diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both major public health concerns in Guadeloupe. Strategies to prevent sedentary lifestyles should be considered for Asian Indian Guadeloupeans.
ISSN: 0905-7188

hal-00706161
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-00706161
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00743.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
In this study, we report the cloning of three transcripts for leptin receptor in the European sea bass, a marine teleost of economic interest. The two shortest variants, generated by different splice sites, encode all functional extracellular and intracellular domains but missed the transmembrane domain. The resulting proteins are therefore potential soluble binding proteins for leptin. The longest transcript (3605 bp), termed sblepr, includes all the essential domains for binding and transduction of the signal. Thus, it is proposed as the ortholog for the human LEPR gene, the main responsible for leptin signalling. Phylogenetic analysis shows the sblepr clustered within the teleost leptin receptor group in 100% of the bootstrap replicates. The neuroanatomical localization of sblepr expressing cells has been assessed by in situ hybridization in brains of sea bass of both sexes during their first sexual maturation. At histological level, the distribution pattern of sblepr expressing cells in the brain shows no clear differences regarding sex or reproductive season. Transcripts of the sblepr have a widespread distribution throughout the forebrain and midbrain until the caudal portion of the hypothalamus. A high hybridization signal is detected in the telencephalon, preoptic area, medial basal and caudal hypothalamus and in the pituitary gland. In a more caudal region, sblepr expressing cells are identified in the longitudinal torus. The expression pattern observed for sblepr suggests that in sea bass, leptin is very likely to be involved in the control of food intake, energy reserves and reproduction
ISSN: 0016-6480

hal-01290500
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290500/file/Leptin%20receptor%20gene%20in%20the%20European%20sea%20bass%20postprint.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.03.017

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques Ifremer, Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb - 4 Mar 1989, n°9, chap. 68, pp.751-755
Résumé : If warmwater finfish protein requirements as level in diet is low, absolute intake per day is similar to those of coldwater species. But relation of this requirement with specific growth rate differs for strictly warmwater fishes as Tilapias. Analysis of partition between protein and non-protein energy retention shows that these species with Clarias make a better use of non-protein energy provided and consequently improve their protein retention. Better carbohydrate digestibility and metabolism are propounded as part of the explanation.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1424.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1424/

Résumé : Dans les régions tropicales. Il existe une multitude de systèmes alternatifs avec une grande diversité de pratiques. Ces systèmes sont souvent basés sur une utilisation optimale des ressources animales et végétales locales présentes sur l'exploitation. L'objectif de ce travail est de mieux connaître certaines de ces ressources tropicales disponibles et pouvant potentiellement être intéressantes à utiliser en alimentation porcine dans le cadre de ces systèmes alternatifs de type polyculture - élevage. Les résultats montrent que la capacité d'Ingestion des feuilles de manioc et de patate douce est la même quel que soit la forme de présentation (feuilles fraîches ou en farine). La capacité d'ingestion des feuilles de madère est plus élevée lorsqu'elles sont distribuées en farine (95 vs.40SgIj), inversement, les feuilles fraîches d'érythrine sont mieux ingérées (246 vs. 488 g/j). Les résultats sur la valeur nutritionnelle des feuillages tropicaux montrent qu'ils ont une faible densité énergétique comprise entre 6.5 et 8.2 MJ/kg de MS. La détermination du profil en acides aminés des feuilles montrent que les acides aminés des feuilles de madère et de patate douce sont plus digestibles que ceux des feuilles d'érythrine et de manioc.Au final les teneurs en lysine digestible sont de 5,3 g/kg MS pour la patate et 6,3 g/kg MS pour le madère. En conclusion, l'ingestion, ainsi que la teneur énergétique et protéique des feuilles d'une feuille à l'autre varie en fonction de sa teneur en fibres mais également en fonction de leur concentration en tanins. En pratique, les feuilles de patate douce et de madère sont les plus intéressantes pour la réalisation de ration.
In the troples, there are a multitude of alternative systems with wide variety of practices. These systems are often based on an optimal use of local plantand animal on the farm. The objective of this work is to better understand some of these tropical resources avaibable and can potentially be interesting to use in pig feed in the context of these mixed farming system.The results show that the feed intake capacity of cassava and sweet potato leaves is the same whatever the processing form (fresh leaves or meal).The intake capacity of cocoyam leaves18 higher when distributed Into meal (95 vs.408g1d). In opposite the Erythrina fresh leaves are best Ingested (246 va, 488 g 1dl. Results on the nutrltlonal value of tropical foliage show they have low energy density between 6.5 and 8.2 MJ1kg DM. The determlnation of amino acid profile show that the amina acids of cocoyam and sweet potato leaves are more dlgestible than the erythrina and cassava leaves. Ultlmately digestible lysine contents were 5.3 g/kg DM for potato and 6.3 g / kg DM for the cocoyam. ln conclusion, ingestion, and energy and protein content of leaves from one sheet to another depends on its fiber content but aIso according to their tannin. In practice,the leaves of sweet potato and cocoyam are the most Interesting for the realization of diet

http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0398/document

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Background Although the French eating model may differ from those of other countries, no studies to date have investigated dietary patterns in a wide age range of adults and at the national level. We aimed to identify dietary patterns (DP) of French adults and assess their associations with demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors. Methods The present study included 2624 adults (1087 men, 1537 women) aged 18–79 years from the cross-sectional national French INCA2 dietary survey. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day estimated food record. Clusters of DP were derived using principal component analysis and clustering, conjointly. Age-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between DP and correlates. Results Five DP were identified, namely ‘traditional’, ‘prudent’, ‘diversified’, ‘processed’ and ‘sandwiches’. Men were more likely to follow a traditional diet and women the ‘prudent’ pattern. Members of the ‘processed’ and ‘sandwiches’ patterns were younger compared to non-members. Healthier dietary patterns were overall positively associated with a higher socio-economic position, healthier behaviours (in terms of sedentary behaviours and smoking status) and lower body mass index. Under-reporting of energy intake, restrictive diet to lose weight and dietary supplement consumption were also related to specific DP, although differentially in men and women. Associations with contextual factors (i.e. household composition, agglomeration size and region) were also observed. Conclusions The identification of adults’ dietary patterns and associated behaviours (all modifiable) is important for the conceptualisation of multi-behavioural programs. The additional information on social and environmental correlates is also essential for targeting the most vulnerable population groups in the context of such public health interventions
ISSN: 0952-3871

hal-01299975
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299975
DOI : 10.1111/jhn.12315
PUBMED : 25233099