Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD PubMed
Résumé : International audience
To investigate thermal response, hydration behaviour and performance over flatwater kayaking races in tropical conditions (36.8°C and 68 % rh). Five internationally-ranked subjects participated in the 2012 Surfski Ocean Racing World Cup in Guadeloupe to the “Ze Caribbean Race 2012” [i.e., a 35-km downwind race]. Core temperature (T°C) and heart rate (HR) were measured using portable telemetry units whereas water intake was deduced from backpacks absorption. The kayakers were asked to rate both their comfort sensation and thermal sensation on a scale before and after the race. The performance was related to an increase in T°C, high HR and low water intake (WI); and (2) high values of final T°C were related to high pre T°C and greater increases in T°C being obtained with low pre T°C and (3) WI being related to high pre T°C. The present study demonstrated that the fastest kayakers were those able to paddle at the highest intensities, increasing their T°C and drinking little water without any interference from thermal sensations. Water intake was positively related to pre-race T°C, which reinforces the importance of beginning surfski races with a low T°C. This study demonstrated that well-trained kayakers drinking ad libitum were able to anticipate their intensity/heat storage ratio to prevent heat illness and severe dehydration and maintain high performance.
ISSN: 0860-021X

hal-01163431
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163431
DOI : 10.5604/20831862.1120936

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Aim The aim of the present study was to examine whether listening to music during warming-up might influence short-term maximal performance (STMP), cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, and enjoyment during Ramadan, and whether these affects might predict STMP. Methods Nine male physical education students (age: 21 ± 1.1 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.04 m; body mass: 83 ± 5 kg) volunteered to participate in the present study. A within-subjects design consisted of four experimental sessions: Two sessions occurred one week before Ramadan and two others took place during Ramadan. They were scheduled at 5 p.m. and were conducted as follows: After a 10-minute warm-up either with or without listening to music, each participant performed a 5-m multiple shuttle run test, after which he was asked to answer items intended to assess his affective state during the experimental task. Results Our findings revealed that STMP was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the no-music condition. Additionally, it was found that STMP was higher in the music condition than in the no-music condition during Ramadan, and that STMP measured before Ramadan did not differ from that measured during Ramadan in the music condition. Regarding affects, the findings revealed that enjoyment was lower during Ramadan than before Ramadan in the music condition, and that cognitive anxiety was lower in the music condition than in the no-music condition before Ramadan. Self-confidence was not influenced by the experimental conditions. Conclusion This study showed that listening to music during warming-up not only would be beneficial for STMP in Ramadan fasters, but also would counteract the negative effects of Ramadan observance on STMP.
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01467699
https://hal-univ-paris10.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01467699
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0136400

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Growth hormone (GH) may stimulate water loss during exercise by activating sweating. This study investigated GH secretion and water loss during sequential cycling and running, taking postural changes into account. The two exercise segments had similar durations and were performed at the same relative intensity to determine their respective contributions to water loss and the plasma volume variation noted in such trials. Eight elite triathletes first performed an incremental cycle test to assess maximal oxygen consumption. Then, the triathletes performed one of two trials in randomized order: constant submaximal cycling followed by treadmill running (C 1 –R 2) or an inversed succession of running followed by cycling (R 1 –C 2). Each segment of both trials was performed for 20 minutes at ,75% of maximal oxygen consumption. The second trial, reversing the segment order of the first trial, took place two weeks later. During cycling, the triathletes used their own bicycles equipped with a profiled handlebar. Blood sampling (for GH concentrations, plasma viscosity and plasma volume variation) was conducted at rest and after each segment while water loss was estimated from the post-and pre-measures. GH increases were significantly lower in R 2 than C 2 (72.2650.1 vs. 164.06157 ng.ml 21 .min 21 , respectively; P,0.05). Water loss was significantly lower after C 1 –R 2 than R 1 –C 2 (11056163 and 12356153 ml, respectively; P,0.05). Plasma volume variation was significantly negative in C 1 and R 1 (26.1562.0 and 23.1665.0%, respectively; P,0.05), not significant in C 2 , and significantly positive for seven subjects in R 2 (4.0563.1%). We concluded that the lower GH increases in R 2 may have contributed to the smaller reduction in plasma volume by reducing sweating. Moreover, this lower GH response could be explained by the postural change during the transition from cycling to running. We recommend to pay particular attention to their hydration status during R 1 which could limit a potential dehydration during C 2 .
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01136734
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734/document
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01136734/file/Galy%20et%20al.%20-%202014%20-%20Sequential%20exercise%20in%20triathletes%20Variations%20in%20GH%20and%20water%20loss.pdf
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0096145

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD PubMed
Résumé : International audience
This study assessed the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of elite Melanesian futsal players in order to determine the best performance predictors. Physiological parameters of performance were measured in 14 Melanesian (MEL-G, 24.4±4.4 yrs) and 8 Caucasian (NMEL-G, 22.9±4.9) elite futsal players, using tests of jump-and-reach (CMJ), agility (T-Test), repeated sprint ability (RSA), RSA with change-of-direction (RSA-COD), sprints with 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 30 m lap times, and aerobic fitness with the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). The anthropometric data revealed significantly lower height for MEL-G compared with NMEL-G: 1.73±0.05 and 1.80±0.08 m, respectively; P=0.05. The CMJ was significantly higher for MEL-G than NMEL-G: 50.4±5.9 and 45.2±4.3 cm, respectively; P=0.05. T-Test times were significantly lower for MEL-G than NMEL-G: 10.47±0.58 and 11.01±0.64 seconds, respectively; P=0.05. MEL-G height was significantly related to CMJ (r=0.706, P=0.01), CMJpeakP (r=0.709, P=0.01) and T-Test (r=0.589, P=0.02). No significant between-group differences were observed for sprint tests or 30-15 IFT, including heart rate and estimated VO2max. Between groups, the percentage decrement (%Dec) in RSA-COD was significantly lower in MEL-G than NMEL-G (P=0.05), although no significant difference was noted between RSA and RSA-COD. Within groups, no significant difference was observed between %Dec in RSA or RSA-COD; P=0.697. This study presents specific anthropometric (significantly lower height) and physiological (significantly greater agility) reference values in Melanesians, which, taken together, might help coaches and physical fitness trainers to optimize elite futsal training and talent identification in Oceania.
ISSN: 0860-021X

hal-01146219
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01146219
DOI : 10.5604/20831862.1140428

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD International Federation of Sports Medicine
Résumé : International audience
To study the exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH) kinetics in a world class Ironman triathlete at ventilatory threshold (TH vent), the authors simulated the cycle-run succession (CR, 20 min + 20 min) and a 20-min isolated run (R). Although 'moderate EIAH' was noted during CR, the SpO 2 kinetics of the isolated R reflected 'severe EIAH' from minutes 7 to 15 with a nadir of 85 % SpO 2 that stabilised at 90 % SpO 2 from minute 15 on. The physiological processes involved in these responses are discussed. These data indicate a systematic 'moderate EIAH' in a world class Ironman champion during CR and R at TH vent and a temporary 'severe EIAH' during R, which was attenuated when running was successive to cycling. The physiological significance of this phenomenon remains unclear, however, and further experiments are needed.
ISSN: 1528-3356

hal-01152346
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01152346

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the Hooper's Index variations (i.e., self-ratings of fatigue, stress, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and sleep) on rating of perceived exertion during a 10 min, submaximal exercise training session (RPE-10 min) and then check the stability and the internal consistency of RPE-10 min. Seventeen junior soccer players took part in this study. The individual Hooper's indices takenbefore each training session were correlated with RPE-10 min during a constant intensity and duration effort (10 min) using Pearson product moment correlation. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to assess the internal consistency of the RPE-10 min. All individual correlations between RPE-10 min and quality of sleep and quantity of fatigue, stress, and DOMS were non-significant (p N 0.05). No significant correlations wereresulted between RPE-10 min and Hooper's Index in all athletes. The ICC of RPE-10 min was 0.77 thus demonstrating internal consistency. The results of the present study demonstrated the objectivity and utility of RPE as a psychological tool for monitoring training during traditional soccer training. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that fatigue, stress, DOMS and sleep are not major contributors of perceived exertionduring traditional soccer training without excessive training loads. It seems that psychobiological factors other than fatigue, stress, DOMS and sleep may have mediated the 10 min exercise perceptual intensity.
ISSN: 0031-9384

hal-01163440
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01163440
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.016

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Growth hormone (GH) may stimulate water loss during exercise by activating sweating. This study investigated GH secretion and water loss during sequential cycling and running, taking postural changes into account. The two exercise segments had similar durations and were performed at the same relative intensity to determine their respective contributions to water loss and the plasma volume variation noted in such trials. Eight elite triathletes first performed an incremental cycle test to assess maximal oxygen consumption. Then, the triathletes performed one of two trials in randomized order: constant submaximal cycling followed by treadmill running (C 1 –R 2) or an inversed succession of running followed by cycling (R 1 –C 2). Each segment of both trials was performed for 20 minutes at ,75% of maximal oxygen consumption. The second trial, reversing the segment order of the first trial, took place two weeks later. During cycling, the triathletes used their own bicycles equipped with a profiled handlebar. Blood sampling (for GH concentrations, plasma viscosity and plasma volume variation) was conducted at rest and after each segment while water loss was estimated from the post-and pre-measures. GH increases were significantly lower in R 2 than C 2 (72.2650.1 vs. 164.06157 ng.ml 21 .min 21 , respectively; P,0.05). Water loss was significantly lower after C 1 –R 2 than R 1 –C 2 (11056163 and 12356153 ml, respectively; P,0.05). Plasma volume variation was significantly negative in C 1 and R 1 (26.1562.0 and 23.1665.0%, respectively; P,0.05), not significant in C 2 , and significantly positive for seven subjects in R 2 (4.0563.1%). We concluded that the lower GH increases in R 2 may have contributed to the smaller reduction in plasma volume by reducing sweating. Moreover, this lower GH response could be explained by the postural change during the transition from cycling to running. We recommend to pay particular attention to their hydration status during R 1 which could limit a potential dehydration during C 2 .
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01158212
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01158212
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0096145

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD PubMed
Résumé : International audience
This study assessed the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of elite Melanesian futsal players in order to determine the best performance predictors. Physiological parameters of performance were measured in 14 Melanesian (MEL-G, 24.4±4.4 yrs) and 8 Caucasian (NMEL-G, 22.9±4.9) elite futsal players, using tests of jump-and-reach (CMJ), agility (T-Test), repeated sprint ability (RSA), RSA with change-of-direction (RSA-COD), sprints with 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 30 m lap times, and aerobic fitness with the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT). The anthropometric data revealed significantly lower height for MEL-G compared with NMEL-G: 1.73±0.05 and 1.80±0.08 m, respectively; P=0.05. The CMJ was significantly higher for MEL-G than NMEL-G: 50.4±5.9 and 45.2±4.3 cm, respectively; P=0.05. T-Test times were significantly lower for MEL-G than NMEL-G: 10.47±0.58 and 11.01±0.64 seconds, respectively; P=0.05. MEL-G height was significantly related to CMJ (r=0.706, P=0.01), CMJpeakP (r=0.709, P=0.01) and T-Test (r=0.589, P=0.02). No significant between-group differences were observed for sprint tests or 30-15 IFT, including heart rate and estimated VO2max. Between groups, the percentage decrement (%Dec) in RSA-COD was significantly lower in MEL-G than NMEL-G (P=0.05), although no significant difference was noted between RSA and RSA-COD. Within groups, no significant difference was observed between %Dec in RSA or RSA-COD; P=0.697. This study presents specific anthropometric (significantly lower height) and physiological (significantly greater agility) reference values in Melanesians, which, taken together, might help coaches and physical fitness trainers to optimize elite futsal training and talent identification in Oceania.
ISSN: 0860-021X

hal-01152338
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01152338
DOI : 10.5604/20831862.1140428

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD PubMed
Résumé : International audience
The aim of this study was to measure the heart rate (HR) response of eight elite water polo players during the four 7-min quarters of the game and to check for relationships with the physiological parameters of performance ( ·VO2max, Th1vent, Th2vent). Each athlete performed a ·VO2max treadmill test and played a water polo game wearing a heart rate monitor. The game fatigue index was calculated as the ratio of the fourth-quarter HR to the first-quarter HR: HR4/HR1. The results showed a slight decrease in fourth-quarter HR compared with the first quarter, with the mean four-quarter HR equal to 79.9 ± 4.2% of HRmax. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed ·VO2max to be the main explanatory factor of game intensity, i.e. game HR expressed in %HRreserve (R=0.88, P<0.01). We observed that higher aerobic capacity resulted in higher game intensity. We also observed a decrease in the playing intensity in the fourth quarter compared with the first, likely due to very high game involvement. We concluded that high aerobic capacity seems necessary to ensure high game intensity in water polo. This suggests that coaches should encourage their athletes to reach a minimum level of ·VO2max and that HR monitoring could be of great interest in the control of water polo training sessions.
ISSN: 0860-021X

hal-01158208
https://hal.univ-antilles.fr/hal-01158208
DOI : 10.5604/20831862.1083277