Résumé : The carrier ship's deballasting activity in french ports and coastal areas can introduce unwanted or noxious species,with detrimental economical and sociological consequences upon shore based activities ; These activities represent one of the most preeminent sources for employment and incomes along the french coasts ,via coastal fishing,aquaculture,tourism. A ship's ballast water study in sorne french ports has been carried out ,to seek for presence of harmfull or pathogenic organisms.Results let appear pathogenic bacteriae in half of the ships,and weIl known toxic phytoplancton species (from Spain ,north Africa) The technical problem of ballast water treatment is considered.
L'activité de déballastage des navires de transport dans les ports et les eaux côtières françaises est susceptible d'introduire des espèces vivantes indésirables ou néfastes, provenant d'autres régions du globe,avec des conséquences dommageables pour la socio-économie des régions côtières. Cette dernière constitue pour le littoral français une des plus importantes sources d'emplois et de revenus,à travers la pêche côtière,l'aquaculture et le tourisme. Une campagne de prélèvement sur les eaux de ballast de navires en escale dans les ports français a été entreprise,pour rechercher d'éventuels organismes pathogènes ou néfastes. Les résultat font apparaître des bactéries connues comme pathogènes sur la moitié des navires échantillonnés. D'autre part,plusieurs espèces de phytoplancton toxique ont été observées,de provenances diverses(péninsule ibérique,Maghreb). Enfin ,le problème technique du traitement des eaux de ballast est examiné.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/rapport-6312.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6312/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : In Curacao, deep-water fads with grp surface buoys were developed and tested. The first fad was deployed in 1993. Up to now, a total of 5 fads were deployed at the following depths: 730, 685, 700, 754 and 574 metres. Changes were made to the surface buoy, resulting in an improved design, the mkii surface buoy. One fad lasted three years and one month. The main features of the design used are: the use of a sparbuoy design with constant tension on the moving chain to avoid slamming and jerking of the surface buoy; liberal use of sacrificial anodes, and maintenance to replace these anodes about once a year; the use of a short anchor chain with depth buoys, that does not touch bottom; a one-piece inverted mushroom anchor. With the grp surface buoy, a reserve buoyancy of approximately 800 kg is obtained with chain as external ballast about 610 kg of net buoyancy remains (it would seem that the reserve buoyancy needed where strong currents occur, has been underestimated in many designs). Five new grp mkii buoys are now under construction. Utilizing the experience gained with the deep-water fads, two new types of fads made of 500 mm diameter pvc tubes were designed to be used in waters of shallow and medium depth (150-400 m). One design uses a 3-m length of pvc tube, the other a 5-m tube (500 mm diameter). One fad with 3-m pvc buoy has been tested succesfully, two 5-m pvc buoys are under construction. The use of pvc results in a buoy which is substantially less expensive than a grp buoy. On the other hand, this type of buoy can probably not withstand the same forces as a grp buoy and we assume that for use in deeper waters the grp mkii buoy will still be needed.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15288/12674.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15288/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
This study assessed the usefulness of UV spectrophotometry for the monitoring of a yeast-based deoxygenation process proposed for ships' ballast water treatment to prevent the transfer of aquatic invasive species. Ten-day laboratory experiments using three treatment concentrations and different water types were conducted and resulted in complete oxygen depletion of treated waters. The treatment performance and quality of treated waters were determined by measuring the UV-visible absorbance spectra of water samples taken over time. Samples were also used for laboratory analysis of water quality properties. The UV absorbance spectra values were strongly correlated (r = 0.96) to yeast cell density in treated waters. The second-order derivative (D (2)) of the spectra varied greatly over time, and the spectrum profiles could be divided into two groups corresponding to the oxygenated and anoxic phases of the treatment. The D (2) value at 215 nm was strongly correlated (r = 0.94) to ammonia levels, which increased over time. The D (2) value at 225 nm was strongly correlated (r  extgreater 0.97) to DO concentration. Our results showed that UV spectrophotometry may provide a rapid assessment of the behavior and performance of the yeast bioreactor over time by quantifying (1) the density of yeast cells, (2) the time at which anoxic conditions were reached, and (3) a water quality index of the treated water related to the production of ammonia. We conclude that the rapidity of the technique confers a solid advantage over standard methods used for water quality analysis in laboratory and would permit the direct monitoring of the treatment performance on-board ships
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

hal-01286253
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286253
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-016-5209-3
PUBMED : 26944435

Résumé : This paper aims to establish a comprehensive Iist of exotic species introduced into Atlantic French waters over the last century as well as their origin, and the vectors involved in the process. At least 104 non indigenous species have been recorded in the Atlantic and Channel coastal wa• ters. Among those species, only a few (Bonamia ostreae, Crepidula fornicata) have resulted in highly significant negative impacts and side-effects on the coastal activity. In contrast, the introduction of the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas can be considered to be successful, sustaining a large industry counting more than 4,000 companies and 150,000 tons of yearly production. Over the last decade, French and European laws have strenghtened the controls over exotic species introductions, limiting their impacts. These new regulations and increased awareness from the scientific community with regard to coastal industry and biodiversity have reduced significantly the cases of deliberate introduction, while the risk analysis requirement has improved the overall management. However, in spite of these improvements, cases remain significant, mostly by accidental and/or increased vectors of introduction such as the ballast waters and sediment. Moreover, global changes should now be considered as a major issue, Iikely inducing future geographic distribution changes over a large European coastal range. Understanding the invasion population dynamics for exotic species remains a challenging research issue currently addressed by the French INVABIO multidisciplinary program.
Invasive aquatic species of Europe. Distribution, impacts and management. E. Leppäkoski, S. Gollasch & S. Olernin (eds).

Droits : 2002 Kluwer Academie Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
https://w3.ifremer.fr/archimer/doc/00000/3100/