Éditeur(s) : Neidine Editeurs
Résumé : This article of the number 10 of Tai Kona is the natural complement to the article appeared under the number 8, dedicated to the submarine geodiversity of the New Caledonian EEZ. The first article notably put the bases of knowledge on the history, the origins and the specificities of the geodiversity of the maritime spaces of the New Caledonian EEZ. The present article focuses on four of the major stakes which are put: 1/ the scientific ones relative to an exceptional submarine geologic context, 2 /the economic ones connected to such a favorable geologic context and to mineral resources exploitation perspectives which are no more domain of the utopia, 3/ the major environmental ones with the existence of a semi deep and deep major biodiversity and 4/ the stakes on the natural risks of a zone in the active local or regional seismicity. The conclusions of this article underline all the major challenges, in the interface of four main quoted questions, which New Caledonia must know how to raise.
Cet article du numéro 10 de Tai Kona est le complément naturel de l’article paru sous le numéro 8, dédié à la géo diversité sous-marine de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Le premier article posait notamment les bases de connaissance sur l’histoire, les origines et les spécificités de la géo diversité des espaces maritimes de la ZEE calédonienne. Le présent article se focalise sur quatre des enjeux majeurs qui sont posés aux plans : 1/ scientifique, relatifs à un contexte géologique sous-marin exceptionnel, 2/ économique, liés à un contexte géologique favorable et à des perspectives d’exploitation de ressources qui ne sont plus du domaine de l’utopie, 3/ environnemental avec là encore un contexte totalement original et l’existence d’une biodiversité semi profonde et profonde majeure et 4/ des risques naturels d’une zone à la sismicité locale ou régionale active. Les conclusions de cet article soulignent tous les enjeux majeurs, à l’interface des quatre grands défis cités, que la Nouvelle-Calédonie doit savoir relever.
Tai Kona (2269-7535) (Neidine Editeurs), 2014-09 , N. 10 , P. 24-37

Droits : 2014 Tai Kona
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00209/32013/30443.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00209/32013/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Geomorphic landscape features have been suggested as indicators of forest diversity. However, their explanatory power has not yet been explicitly tested at a regional scale in tropical rainforest. We used forest inventories conducted according to a stratified sampling design (3,132 plots in 111 transects at 33 sites) and holistic multi-scale geomorphological mapping derived from a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model to describe and explain spatial patterns in floristic composition across French Guiana (80,000 km2). We measured and identified 123,906 trees with DBH C20 cm and used constrained and unconstrained ordinations to analyze variations in the abundance of 221 taxa and 51 families. Variance partitioning and variograms were used to detect spatial patterns in species composition, compare the explanatory power of spatial and environmentalfactors, and select the variables that best explain forest composition. Strong floristic patterns corresponded to a major latitudinal gradient and significant sub-regional floristic structure. Geomorphological landscapes shaped by historic climate fluctuations and major geological events successfully captured these patterns and explained the variation in abundance of 80 taxa, corresponding to 65 % of the inventoried trees. Our findings suggest that long-term forest dynamics are under substantial ‘‘geomorphographic control’’. A geomorphological perspective on landscapes that incorporates current and past environmental filters and historical biogeographical processes could thus be used more systematically in tropical regions for regional planning and forest conservation
ISSN: 0960-3115

hal-01204224
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204224
DOI : 10.1007/s10531-014-0854-8
PRODINRA : 295767