Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecological Society of America
Résumé : Line transect surveys are widely used in neotropical rainforests to estimate the population abundance of medium- and large-sized vertebrates. The use of indices such as Encounter Rate has been criticized because the probability of animal detection may fluctuate due to the heterogeneity of environmental conditions among sites. In addition, the morphological and behavioral characteristics (biological traits) of species affect their detectability. In this study, we compared the extent to which environmental conditions and species' biological traits bias abundance estimates in terra firme rainforests in French Guiana. The selected environmental conditions included both physical conditions and forest structure covariates, while the selected biological traits included the morphological and behavioral characteristics of species. We used the distance sampling method to model the detection probability as an explicit function of environmental conditions and biological traits and implemented a model selection process to determine the relative importance of each group of covariates. Biological traits contributed to the variability of animal detectability more than environmental conditions, which had only a marginal effect. Detectability was best for large animals with uniform or disruptive markings that live in groups in the canopy top. Detectability was worst for small, solitary, terrestrial animals with mottled markings. In the terra firme rainforests which represent ~80% of the Amazonia and Guianas regions, our findings support the use of relative indices such as the encounter rate to compare population abundance between sites in species-specific studies. Even though terra firme rainforests may appear similar between regions of Amazonia and the Guianas, comparability must be ensured, especially in forests disturbed by human activity. The detection probability can be used as an indicator of species' vulnerability to hunting and, thus, to the risk of local extinction. Only a few biological trait covariates are required to correctly estimate the detectability of the majority of medium- and large-sized vertebrates. Thus, a biological trait model could be useful in predicting the detection probabilities of rare, uncommon or localized species for which few data are available to fit the detection function.
ISSN: 1051-0761

hal-01555267
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01555267
DOI : 10.1002/eap.1549
PRODINRA : 396614
PUBMED : 28419598

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD MDPI
Résumé : International audience
The future of tropical managed forests is threatened by climate change. In anticipation of the increase in the frequency of drought episodes predicted by climatic models for intertropical regions, it is essential to study commercial trees' resilience and vulnerability to water stress by identifying potential interaction effects between selective logging and stress due to a lack of water. Focusing on 14 species representing a potential or acknowledged commercial interest for wood production in the Guiana Shield, a joint model coupling growth and mortality for each species was parametrized, including a climatic variable related to water stress and the quantity of aboveground biomass lost after logging. For the vast majority of the species, water stress had a negative impact on growth rate, while the impact of logging was positive. The opposite results were observed for the mortality. Combining results from growth and mortality models, we generate vulnerability profiles and ranking from species apparently quite resistant to water stress (Chrysophyllum spp., Goupia glabra Aubl., Qualea rosea Aubl.), even under logging pressure, to highly vulnerable species (Sterculia spp.). In light of our results, forest managers in the Guiana Shield may want to conduct (i) a conservation strategy of the most vulnerable species and (ii) a diversification of the logged species. Conservation of the already-adapted species may also be considered as the most certain way to protect the tropical forests under future climates.
ISSN: 1999-4907

hal-01315432
https://hal-sde.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01315432
DOI : 10.3390/f7050105

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Montpellier : CIRAD
Résumé :  
Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre du suivi de l'exploitation forestière à faible impact en forêt tropicale humide. L'importance des dégâts liés à l'exploitation forestière conditionne fortement la durabilité de cette activité et un contrôle efficace de la qualité des travaux forestiers s'impose donc au gestionnaire. Dans cette étude, l'imagerie satellitaire aide à suivre la progression des chantiers d'exploitation et à estimer les dégâts, par l'acquisition d'images en cours et en fin d'exploitation des parcelles. L'analyse d'images à haute résolution (10 m) permet de bien identifier les trouées d'abattage et certaines pistes de débusquage. Ainsi, on a une évaluation de l'ouverture de la canopée. Plusieurs parcelles ont été étudiées en Guyane française. Pour chacune d'entre elles, un diagnostic simple a été mis en place pour évaluer l'intensité d'exploitation, relever les pistes créées et les pertes de bois. L'outil satellite permet alors de mieux considérer la qualité de l'exploitation et d'en tirer les conséquences vis-à-vis de l'exploitant. Cette étude a permis de démontrer l'utilité de la télédétection pour identifier les concentrations de dégâts après exploitation forestière. Une validation de l'outil a été menée grâce à une base de données de suivi d'exploitation et par des missions de terrain. Cet outil de contrôle postexploitation peut désormais s'automatiser de façon à le rendre totalement opérationnel pour le gestionnaire forestier.
ISSN: 0006-579X

hal-01032146
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032146

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Montpellier : CIRAD
Résumé : International audience
Cet article fait le bilan d'un dispositif expérimental installé en Guyane française pour tester différentes modalités d'éclaircie sélective, mises en oeuvre dix à quinze ans après exploitation, en vue d'obtenir une reconstitution rapide du peuplement commercial. Les modalités d'éclaircie testées sont de type mixte. Elles combinent une intervention sélective dans un rayon de dix mètres autour d'arbres d'avenir et une intervention systématique s'appliquant uniformément sur toute la parcelle. Les intensités d'éclaircie obtenues entraînent une réduction de huit à quarantecinq pourcent de la surface terrière. Si l'accroissement du peuplement commercial restant est fortement dynamisé pour tout diamètre et toutes essences, par contre la surface terrière est peu modifiée du fait d'une forte mortalité et d'un recrutement moins important en essences commerciales. Par ailleurs, le capital commercial sur pied est fortement affecté par les opérations d'éclaircie telles qu'elles ont été définies. De fait, ces types d'éclaircie au profit de tiges d'avenir ne répondent pas aux objectifs de réduction des rotations en forêt tropicale guyanaise exploitée. En revanche, les mesures effectuées sur les peuplements ainsi traités confortent celles obtenues sur le dispositif de recherches de Paracou et confirment la nécessité d'adopter des rotations longues de plus de cinquante ans pour assurer la durabilité des prélèvements d'espèces de valeur dans le contexte d'exploitation actuel en Guyane française.
ISSN: 0006-579X

hal-01087760
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01087760

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Guide
La mise en place de la gestion forestière en Guyane est très récente: ce n’est qu’à partir de 1990 et de la prise de conscience consécutive à la conférence de Rio qu’une véritable politique de gestion et de valorisation de la forêt guyanaise est entreprise par l’ONF sous la commande de l’Etat. Depuis ses débuts, cet effort porté par les gestionnaires forestiers publics a été accompagné par toute la communauté scientifique guyanaise sous l’égide d’un groupement d’intérêt scientifique focalisé sur le milieu forestier : le GIS SILVOLAB, aujourd’hui élargi aux autres disciplines sous le nom d’IRISTA. Les développements méthodologiques réalisés depuis 1994 avec la communauté scientifique ont déjà permis la rédaction d’un guide pratique d’aménagement spécifique à la Guyane (ONF mars 2009). Après plus de 20 ans de recherche (ce qui à l’échelle du pas de temps forestier est très peu), il demeure un manque de connaissances sur le fonctionnement de la forêt dense tropicale humide et plus particulièrement sur les effets du milieu sur la distribution des espèces et la dynamique du peuplement. En attendant que la recherche apporte des réponses aux questions qui restent posées, ce sont aujourd’hui les connaissances acquises en écologie des communautés et des populations avec nos partenaires de l’UMR Ecofog (regroupement d’AgroParisTech, de l’INRA, du CIRAD, du CNRS et l’Université des Antilles et de la Guyane) qui permettent la rédaction de ce premier guide sylvicole applicable aux forêts guyanaises. Le programme BGF «Biodiversité et Gestion Forestière» financé par le Ministère chargé de l’Environnement sur l’appel à projet ECOFOR (2006) a particulièrement contribué à la réflexion engagée pour ce document, de même que les travaux de fonds engagés depuis de nombreuses années par le CIRAD sur le site de Paracou et par l’ONF sur les forêts pilotes de Risquetout et d’Organabo (réseau de placettes permanentes GUYAFOR). Le programme DYGEPOP, financé plus récemment par l’Union Européenne (PO-FEDER) a permis de compléter et synthétiser ces résultats pour aboutir à la rédaction de ce guide. Le présent guide de sylviculture a pour objectif de synthétiser l’ensemble des connaissances scientifiques acquises au cours de ces dernières années concernant l’écologie des forêts guyanaises et leurs applications en termes de règles sylvicoles. Le guide s’accompagne d’annexes donnant des descriptifs précis des dispositifs scientifiques dont sont tirés ces résultats, ainsi qu’une revue bibliographique exhaustive des études exploitées pour asseoir ces premières bases sylvicoles qui restent évidemment largement améliorables. En complément de ce guide, sera rédigée, une note d’application régionale qui constituera une déclinaison opérationnelle des actions à mettre en œuvre qui viendra compléter ou modifier les différents processus. Nous tenons à préciser ici que ce document ne concerne que la sylviculture pour le bois d’œuvre. L’exploitation de bois énergie constitue en soi un changement d’objectif qui amène des préconisations différentes notamment dans le choix des tiges et dans le niveau de prélèvements et fera l’objet en temps et en heure d’un document spécifique.
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503730

hal-01503730
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503730

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : International audience
Forest successional processes following disturbance take decades to play out, even in tropical forests. Nonetheless, records of vegetation change in this ecosystem are scarce, increasing the importance of the chronosequence approach to study forest recovery. However, this approach requires accurate dating of secondary forests, which until now was a difficult and/or expensive task. Cecropia is a widespread and abundant pioneer tree genus of the Neotropics. Here we propose and validate a rapid and straightforward method to estimate the age of secondary forest patches based on morphological observations of Cecropia trees. We found that Cecropia-inferred ages were highly correlated with known ages of the forest. We also demonstrate that Cecropia can be used to accurately date disturbances and propose twenty-one species distributed all over the geographical range of the genus as potential secondary forest chronometer species. Our method is limited in applicability by the maximal longevity of Cecropia individuals. Although the oldest chronosequence used in this study was 20 years old, we argue that at least for the first four decades after disturbance, the method described in this study provides very accurate estimations of secondary forest ages. The age of pioneer trees provides not only information needed to calculate the recovery of carbon stocks that would help to improve forest management, but also provides information needed to characterize the initial floristic composition and the rates of species remigration into secondary forest. Our contribution shows how successional studies can be reliably and inexpensively extended without the need to obtain forest ages based on expensive or potentially inaccurate data across the Neotropics.
ISSN: 1932-6203

halsde-00757518
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00757518
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0042643
PUBMED : 22916144

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : absent
Séminaire forêts hétérogènes du GIP ECOFOR
NA, France

hal-01269340
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269340
PRODINRA : 331590

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Mapping forest aboveground biomass (AGB) has become an important task, particularly for the reporting of carbon stocks and changes. AGB can be mapped using synthetic aperture radar data (SAR) or passive optical data. However, these data are insensitive to high AGB levels (>150 Mg/ha, and >300 Mg/ha for P-band), which are commonly found in tropical forests. Studies have mapped the rough variations in AGB by combining optical and environmental data at regional and global scales. Nevertheless, these maps cannot represent local variations in AGB in tropical forests. In this paper, we hypothesize that the problem of misrepresenting local variations in AGB and AGB estimation with good precision occurs because of both methodological limits (signal saturation or dilution bias) and a lack of adequate calibration data in this range of AGB values. We test this hypothesis by developing a calibrated regression model to predict variations in high AGB values (mean >300 Mg/ha) in French Guiana by a methodological approach for spatial extrapolation with data from the optical geoscience laser altimeter system (GLAS), forest inventories, radar, optics, and environmental variables for spatial inter-and extrapolation. Given their higher point count, GLAS data allow a wider coverage of AGB values. We find that the metrics from GLAS footprints are correlated with field AGB estimations (R 2 =0.54, RMSE=48.3 Mg/ha) with no bias for high values. First, predictive models, including remote-sensing, environmental variables and spatial correlation functions, allow us to obtain "wall-to-wall" AGB maps over French Guiana with an RMSE for the in situ AGB estimates of ~51 Mg/ha and R²=0.48 at a 1-km grid size. We conclude that a calibrated regression model based on GLAS with dependent environmental data can produce good AGB predictions even for high AGB values if the calibration data fit the AGB range. We also demonstrate that small temporal and spatial mismatches between field data and GLAS footprints are not a problem for regional and global calibrated regression models because field data aim to predict large and deep tendencies in AGB variations from environmental gradients and do not aim to represent high but stochastic and temporally limited variations from forest dynamics. Thus, we advocate including a greater variety of data, even if less precise and shifted, to better represent high AGB values in global models and to improve the fitting of these models for high values.
ISSN: 0303-2434

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01381116
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01381116/file/Fayad2016a.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2016.07.015

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Public Library of Science
Résumé : Precise mapping of above-ground biomass (AGB) is a major challenge for the success of REDD+ processes in tropical rainforest. The usual mapping methods are based on two hypotheses: a large and long-ranged spatial autocorrelation and a strong environment influence at the regional scale. However, there are no studies of the spatial structure of AGB at the landscapes scale to support these assumptions. We studied spatial variation in AGB at various scales using two large forest inventories conducted in French Guiana. The dataset comprised 2507 plots (0.4 to 0.5 ha) of undisturbed rainforest distributed over the whole region. After checking the uncertainties of estimates obtained from these data, we used half of the dataset to develop explicit predictive models including spatial and environmental effects and tested the accuracy of the resulting maps according to their resolution using the rest of the data. Forest inventories provided accurate AGB estimates at the plot scale, for a mean of 325 Mg.ha^-1. They revealed high local variability combined with a weak autocorrelation up to distances of no more than10 km. Environmental variables accounted for a minor part of spatial variation. Accuracy of the best model including spatial effects was 90 Mg.ha^-1 at plot scale but coarse graining up to 2-km resolution allowed mapping AGB with accuracy lower than 50 Mg.ha^-1. Whatever the resolution, no agreement was found with available pan-tropical reference maps at all resolutions. We concluded that the combined weak autocorrelation and weak environmental effect limit AGB maps accuracy in rainforest, and that a trade-off has to be found between spatial resolution and effective accuracy until adequate “wall-to-wall” remote sensing signals provide reliable AGB predictions. Waiting for this, using large forest inventories with low sampling rate (<0.5%) may be an efficient way to increase the global coverage of AGB maps with acceptable accuracy at kilometric resolution
ISSN: 1932-6203

hal-01269305
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269305
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0138456
PRODINRA : 326359

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : Geomorphic landscape features have been suggested as indicators of forest diversity. However, their explanatory power has not yet been explicitly tested at a regional scale in tropical rainforest. We used forest inventories conducted according to a stratified sampling design (3,132 plots in 111 transects at 33 sites) and holistic multi-scale geomorphological mapping derived from a Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model to describe and explain spatial patterns in floristic composition across French Guiana (80,000 km2). We measured and identified 123,906 trees with DBH C20 cm and used constrained and unconstrained ordinations to analyze variations in the abundance of 221 taxa and 51 families. Variance partitioning and variograms were used to detect spatial patterns in species composition, compare the explanatory power of spatial and environmentalfactors, and select the variables that best explain forest composition. Strong floristic patterns corresponded to a major latitudinal gradient and significant sub-regional floristic structure. Geomorphological landscapes shaped by historic climate fluctuations and major geological events successfully captured these patterns and explained the variation in abundance of 80 taxa, corresponding to 65 % of the inventoried trees. Our findings suggest that long-term forest dynamics are under substantial ‘‘geomorphographic control’’. A geomorphological perspective on landscapes that incorporates current and past environmental filters and historical biogeographical processes could thus be used more systematically in tropical regions for regional planning and forest conservation
ISSN: 0960-3115

hal-01204224
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204224
DOI : 10.1007/s10531-014-0854-8
PRODINRA : 295767

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : In the context of an ongoing monitoring study on the impacts of gold-mining activities on critical ecosystem processes, we explored the use of soil Denitrifying Enzyme Activity (DEA) and Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) as ecosystem indicators in tropical rainforests of French Guiana. We also propose DEA/SIR ratio as ecosystem attribute able to describe the state of an ecosystem and to reflect changes in ecological processes. With this purpose, we measured SIR, DEA and DEA/SIR ratio in five gold-mining areas and five surrounding natural reference rainforests. We also measured indicators in two conditions of spontaneous regeneration of vegetation (stratified or not) and two conditions of soil rehabilitation (prior preparation of soils or not). We showed a high variability of DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio in the natural reference forests. This pointed out the necessity to identify relevant reference systems - i.e. proving a close match in all relevant ecological dimensions - to compare with closed perturbed systems in order to assess the levels of alterations after disturbances. Results showed a high impact of gold mine on microbial processes with a strong decrease of DEA (10-fold lower), SIR (2-fold lower) and DEA/SIR ratio (8-fold lower) in perturbed areas in comparison with natural reference forests. The type of spontaneous vegetation (stratified or not) influenced the values of indicators as well as prior rehabilitation of soils, demonstrating the capacity of DEA. SIR and DEA/SIR ratio to respond in proportion to the perturbation (robustness) and to the different levels of restoration (sensitivity). The systematic decrease of the ratio DEA/SIR observed in the studied perturbed situations demonstrates clearly that the structure of microbial communities has been also modified. The ratio DEA/SIR proved to be robust and sensitive, and able to describe in fairly fine way changes of soil microbial communities in terms of structure and function in gold mine areas and during processes of restoration. We propose to use DEA, SIR and DEA/SIR ratio as bioindicators of both structural and functional aspects of C and N cycling in soils. Together with others bioindicators based on key supporting functions in soils, these indicators should accurately evaluate the ecological potential of natural ecosystems and the levels of degradation in case of land-use changes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN: 1470-160X

hal-01190730
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190730
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.01.021
PRODINRA : 213639

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : International audience
Whereas broad-scale Amazonian forest types have been shown to influence the structure of the communities of medium-to large-bodied vertebrates, their natural heterogeneity at smaller scale or within the terra firme forests remains poorly described and understood. Diversity indices of such communities and the relative abundance of the 21 most commonly observed species were compared from standardized line-transect data across 25 study sites distributed in undisturbed forests in French Guiana. We first assessed the relevance of a forest typology based on geomorphological landscapes to explain the observed heterogeneity. As previously found for tree beta-diversity patterns, this new typology proved to be a non-negligible factor underlying the beta diversity of the communities of medium-to large bodied vertebrates in French Guianan terra firme forests. Although the species studied are almost ubiquitous across the region, they exhibited habitat preferences through significant variation in abundance and in their association index with the different landscape types. As terra firme forests represent more than 90% of the Amazon basin, characterizing their heterogeneity-including faunal communities-is a major challenge in neotropical forest ecology.
ISSN: 0266-4674

hal-01502647
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01502647
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467415000255

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Montpellier : CIRAD
Résumé : Les aménagements futurs nécessaires au développement rapide de la Guyane vont entraîner la conversion de terres forestières, participant ainsi au changement global. Les décideurs guyanais devront conjuguer ces aménagements avec la préservation des services écosystémiques forestiers. Le projet GuyaSim avait comme objectif l’approfondissement des connaissances sur ces services (stock de carbone, biodiversité et qualité du sol)et le transfert d’un logiciel aux décideurs pour faciliter l’intégration de ces connaissances dans les politiques d’aménagement du territoire. L’article présente les caractéristiques et les fonctionnalités de ce logiciel GuyaSim. Il s’agit d’un logiciel libre de type Sig, destiné a priori aux services d’aménagement des collectivités et du domaine forestier de Guyane. Le logiciel offre deux grands types de fonctionnalité : la mise à disposition d’informationset l’aide à l’aménagement. Les informations mises à disposition sont les scénarios de développement socio-économique, les scénarios climatiques et les valeurs des services écosystémiques. L’aide à l’aménagement consiste en des outils de construction des scénarios d’aménagement du territoire (changement d’usage des terres) et d’aménagement forestier (exploitation forestière), fournissant des informations sur l’impact environnemental. Les fonctionnalités du logiciel sont limitées par les connaissances sur les écosystèmes guyanais. Les avancées des projets de recherche en cours permettront de mettre à jour le logiciel à moyen terme
ISSN: 0006-579X

hal-01535354
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01535354
PRODINRA : 351684

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Black Curassow (Crax alector) is a large game bird with Vulnerable conservation status found in north-centralSouth America. We examined its distributional pattern across French Guiana using a large number of environmentaldescriptors at 3 scales of analysis: landscape, forest type, and microhabitat. We used a hierarchical model withtemporary emigration and imperfect detection for data collected by standard distance sampling methods at 35study sites. At the landscape scale, Black Curassow density decreased with hunting pressure and increased withsteeper slopes in both hunted and unhunted areas. Topography appeared to be a good proxy for Black Curassowecological requirements and probably reflected habitat quality. At the forest scale, population density wasnegatively correlated with the abundance of palms and Mimosoideae and positively correlated with the abundanceof Lauraceae. Botanical families did not directly influence Black Curassow distribution, but rather determined spatialpatterns by being markers of a particular forest type. At the microhabitat scale, Black Curassows used hilltops morefrequently than other parts of the local topographical gradient. Our multiscale analysis shows that this species’distribution can be explained by biotic or abiotic conditions, regardless of the scale. For conservation, werecommend maintaining connectivity between Black Curassow populations separated by hunted areas. Ourpredicted densities could be used to adapt hunting quotas across French Guiana’s forests. We show that combiningfield and remote sensing data helps to understand the ecological processes responsible for Black Curassow habitatrelationships.
The Condor Ornithological Applications

hal-01455653
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455653
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455653/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01455653/file/condor-15-28.1.pdf
DOI : 10.1650/CONDOR-15-28.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Analyses of tree diversity and community composition in tropical rain forests are usually based either on general herbarium data or on a restricted number of botanical plots. Despite their high taxonomic accuracy, both types of data are difficult to extrapolate to landscape scales. Meanwhile, forestry surveys provide quantitative occurrence data on large areas, and are thus increasingly used for landscape-scale analyses of tree diversity. However, the reliability of these approaches has been challenged because of the ambiguity of the common (vernacular) names used by foresters and the complexity of tree taxonomy in those hyper-diverse communities.We developed and tested a novel approach to evaluate taxonomic reliability of forestry surveys and to propagate the resulting uncertainty in the estimates of several diversity indicators (alpha and beta entropy, Fisher-alpha and Sørensen similarity). Our approach is based on Monte-Carlo processes that simulate communities by taking into account the expected accuracy and reliability of common names. We tested this method in French Guiana, on 9 one-hectare plots (4279 trees – DBH ⩾ 10 cm) for which both common names and standardized taxonomic determinations were available. We then applied our method of community simulation on large forestry inventories (560 ha) at the landscape scale and compared the diversity indices obtained for 10 sites with those computed from precise botanical determination situated at the same localities.We found that taxonomic reliability of forestry inventories varied from 22% (species level) to 83% (family level) in this Amazonian region. Indices computed directly with raw forestry data resulted in incorrect values, except for Gini–Simpson beta-diversity. On the contrary, our correction method provides more accurate diversity estimates, highly correlated with botanical measurements, for almost all diversity indices at both regional and local scales. We obtained a robust ranking of sites consistent with those shown by botanical inventories.These results show that (i) forestry inventories represent a significant part of taxonomic information, (ii) the relative diversity of regional sites can be successfully ranked using forestry inventory data using our method and (iii) forestry inventories can valuably contribute to the detection of large-scale diversity patterns when biases are well-controlled and corrected.The tools we developed as R-functions are available in supplementary material and can be adapted with local parameters to be used for forest management and conservation issues in other regional contexts
ISSN: 0378-1127

hal-01204219
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204219
DOI : 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.045
PRODINRA : 286554

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : En 2009, l’ONF s’associait à l’ONCFS, au Parc Amazonien de Guyane, à l’UMR EcoFoG et à l’Herbier de Cayenne, dans un vaste programme de recherche, intitulé HABITATS. Son objectif : étudier les relations entre sol, végétation et grande faune pour définir une typologie des habitats forestiers de terre ferme, qui couvrent plus de 80 % du territoire. Retour sur le programme et ses acquis
ISSN: 1763-6442

hal-01204215
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204215
PRODINRA : 279057

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem-level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient-poor forests compared to nutrient-richer forests.
ISSN: 2045-2322

hal-01606170
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01606170
DOI : 10.1038/srep45017
PRODINRA : 389876