Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : The patterns of the distribution of fungal species and their potential interactions with trees remain understudied in Neotropical rainforests, which harbor more than 16,000 tree species, mostly dominated by endomycorrhizal trees. Our hypothesis was that tree species shape the non-mycorrhizal fungal assemblages in soil and litter and that the diversity of fungal communities in these two compartments is partly dependent on the coverage of trees in the Neotropical rainforest. In French Guiana, a long-term plantation and a natural forest were selected to test this hypothesis. Fungal ITS1 regions were sequenced from soil and litter samples from within the vicinity of tree species. A broad range of fungal taxa was found, with 42 orders and 14 classes.Significant spatial heterogeneity in the fungal communities was found without strong variation in the species richness and evenness among the tree plots. However, tree species shaped the fungal assemblages in the soil and litter, explaining up to 18 % of the variation among the communities in the natural forest.These results demonstrate that vegetation cover has an important effect on the structure of fungal assemblages inhabiting the soil and litter in Amazonian forests, illustrating the relative impact of deterministic processes on fungal community structures in these highly diverse ecosystems.
ISSN: 0095-3628

hal-01595373
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01595373
DOI : 10.1007/s00248-016-0839-0
PRODINRA : 395655
PUBMED : 27645139

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : This work aimed at understanding the role of mycorrhizal status in phosphorus efficiency of tree seedlings in the tropical rainforest of French Guyana. * Mycorrhizal colonization, growth, phosphorus content, net photosynthesis and root respiration were determined on three occasions during a 9-month growth period for seedlings of two co-occurring species (Dicorynia guianensis and Eperua falcata) grown at three soil phosphorus concentrations, with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizas. * Seedlings of both species were unable to absorb phosphorus in the absence of mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal seedlings exhibited coils that are specific of Paris-type mycorrhizae. Both species benefited from the mycorrhizal symbiosis in terms of phosphorus acquisition but the growth of E. falcata seedlings was unresponsive to this mycorrhizal improvement of phosphorus status, probably because of the combination of high seed mass and P reserves, with low growth rate. * The two species belong to two different functional groups regarding phosphorus acquisition, D. guianensis being an obligate mycotrophic species.
ISSN: 0028-646X

hal-01032209
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032209
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00978.x

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Résumé : We tested the response of seedlings of Dicorynia guianensis, a major timber tree species of French Guiana, to mycorrhizal symbiosis and water limitation in a semi-controlled experiment under natural light conditions. Under well-watered conditions, mycorrhizal colonization resulted in an increase of net photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus uptake. When submitted to water stress, no growth reduction of mycorrhizal seedlings was observed. Mycorrhizal seedlings were more sensitive to drought than non-mycorrhizal ones in terms of carbon assimilation, but not with regard to stomatal closure. In contrast to previous studies on temperate tree seedlings, this result precludes a mycorrhizal effect on the hydraulic properties of this species. Furthermore, our results suggest that below a specific threshold of soil moisture, carbon assimilation of D. guianensis seedlings was decreased by the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This is probably related to the competition between the plant and its host fungus for carbon allocation under low light intensity, even though it did not seem to have a significant effect on mortality in our experiment.
ISSN: 0266-4674

hal-01031901
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031901
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467405002348

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : DNA metabarcoding on soil samples is increasingly used for large-scale and multi-taxa biodiversity studies. However, DNA extraction may be a major bottleneck for such wide uses. It should be cost/time effective and allow dealing with large sample volumes so as to maximise the representativeness of both micro- and macro-organisms diversity. Here, we compared the performances of a fast and cheap extracellular DNA extraction protocol with a total DNA extraction method in retrieving bacterial, eukaryotic and plant diversity from tropical soil samples of ca. 10 g. The total DNA extraction protocol yielded more high-quality DNA. Yet, the extracellular DNA protocol provided similar diversity assessments although it presented some differences in clades relative abundance and undersampling biases. We argue that extracellular DNA is a good compromise between cost, labor, and accuracy for high throughput DNA metabarcoding studies of soil biodiversity.
ISSN: 0038-0717

hal-01532638
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532638
DOI : 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.01.008
PRODINRA : 384522

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé :  
absent
Ecology management of a neotropical rainforest: lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana

ISBN : 2-84299-455-8
hal-01190858
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01190858
PRODINRA : 70132

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Ecole nationale du génie rural
Résumé :  
En Guyane française où les sols sont généralement acides et pauvres en éléments minéraux, la forêt est caractérisée par sa plurispécificité. Une approche de type écologique a montré, dans les racines des principales espèces forestières, la dominance d'endomycorhizes à structure intracellulaire particulière : des hyphes de type Paris, spiralé. Leur rôle dans l'acquisition du phosphore a été étudié expérimentalement chez deux Césalpiniacées. Les semis d'Angélique, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, sont très dépendants, pour leur croissance et leur teneur en phosphore, des mycorhizes à mycélium spiralé ; ce type de mycélium représente plus de 90 % de la colonisation fongique. Par contre, les semis de Wapa (Eperua falcata Aublet) forment également des mycorhizes mais ces dernières améliorent le statut phosphaté et sont sans effet sur la croissance de cette espèce. Ces résultats contribuent à la compréhension du rôle des symbioses endomycorhiziennes dans le processus de régénération naturelle et ouvrent des perspectives de recherche quant à leur intervention éventuelle dans le maintien de la diversité forestière.
ISSN: 0035-2829

hal-01032211
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032211
DOI : 10.4267/2042/5820

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé :  
Mechanical signals have an impact on plant development. Tropical rainforest trees display large variability for life-history traits related to biomechanics and therefore are a unique study system to better understand biomechanical trait variability from an evolutionary perspective. From sequences and gene expression data available in model species, we developed specific primers for six candidate genes for mechano-sensing in five tropical species. Most of the gene sequences were polymorphic in most species.
ISSN: 1614-2942

hal-01019738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019738
DOI : 10.1007/s11295-010-0363-1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD INRA/EDP Sciences
Résumé : absent
ISSN: 0003-4312

hal-01032368
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032368

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé :  
En Guyane française où les sols sont généralement acides et pauvres en éléments minéraux, la forêt est caractérisée par sa plurispécificité. Une approche de type écologique a montré, dans les racines des principales espèces forestières, la dominance d'endomycorhizes à structure intracellulaire particulière : des hyphes de type Paris, spiralé. Leur rôle dans l'acquisition du phosphore a été étudié expérimentalement chez deux Césalpiniacées. Les semis d'Angélique, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff, sont très dépendants, pour leur croissance et leur teneur en phosphore, des mycorhizes à mycélium spiralé ; ce type de mycélium représente plus de 90 % de la colonisation fongique. Par contre, les semis de Wapa (Eperua falcata Aublet) forment également des mycorhizes mais ces dernières améliorent le statut phosphaté et sont sans effet sur la croissance de cette espèce. Ces résultats contribuent à la compréhension du rôle des symbioses endomycorhiziennes dans le processus de régénération naturelle et ouvrent des perspectives de recherche quant à leur intervention éventuelle dans le maintien de la diversité forestière.
Revue Forestière Française

hal-01032197
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032197