Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
Many countries are legally obliged to embrace ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management. Reductions in bycatch and physical habitat damage are now commonplace, but mitigating more sophisticated impacts associated with the ecological functions of target fisheries species are in their infancy. Here we model the impacts of a parrotfish fishery on the future state and resilience of Caribbean coral reefs, enabling us to view the tradeoff between harvest and ecosystem health. We find that the implementation of a simple and enforceable size restriction of >30 cm provides a win:win outcome in the short term, delivering both ecological and fisheries benefits and leading to increased yield and greater coral recovery rate for a given harvest rate. However, maintaining resilient coral reefs even until 2030 requires the addition of harvest limitations (<10% of virgin fishable biomass) to cope with a changing climate and induced coral disturbances, even in reefs that are relatively healthy today. Managing parrotfish is not a panacea for protecting coral reefs but can play a role in sustaining the health of reefs and high-quality habitat for reef fisheries.
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369752

hal-01369752
http://hal.univ-reunion.fr/hal-01369752
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1601529113

Éditeur(s) : Université des Antilles Études caribéennes
Résumé : Brazil and Canada have two of the biggest protected area systems in the world, both of them based in the protected areas model established by the USA in the XIX century. However, they have distinct policies when it comes to public use and ecotourism inside those areas. Canadian guidelines have a greater focus on leisure and recreation activities, in a more permissive use of its resources with activities geared to large scale tourism. On the other hand, Brazil has a focus more limited on low-impact activities with a strong component of environmental education and restrictions of activities within its protected areas. From that approach, this article analyzes the Brazilian and the Canadian public policies for public use development inside protected areas and how they address the three main aspects of ecotourism: environmental conservation, environmental awareness of visitors and involvement of local community.
Brésil et le Canada ont deux des plus grands réseaux d´aires protégées du monde, tous les deux basés dans le modèle d’aires protégées établi par les États-Unis au XIXe siècle. Cependant, ils ont des politiques distinctes quand il s´agit de l'usage du public et de l'écotourisme à l'intérieur de ces zones. Les lignes directrices canadiennes ont une plus grande focalisation sur les activités de loisirs et de détente, dans une utilisation plus permissive de ses ressources à des activités visant à grande échelle le tourisme. D'autre part le Brésil a un objectif plus limité sur les activités à faible impact avec une forte composante de l'éducation et les restrictions d'activités au sein de ses aires protégées de l'environnement. A partir de cette approche, cet article analyse les politiques publiques brésiliennes et canadiennes pour le développement du ecotourisme à l'intérieur d’aires protégées et de la façon dont ils abordent les trois principaux aspects de l'écotourisme: conservation de l'environnement, education environmental et la participation de la communauté locale.
Brésil
Canada
Colombie-Britannique
São Paulo

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
urn:doi:10.4000/etudescaribeennes.9344
http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/9344

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999
Résumé : The Mediterranean small-scale fleet is highly adaptive, showing a dynamic fishing intensity and strategy, and exploiting seasonal abundant resources. In this area, the aggregatory behaviour under floats of juvenile fish has been used since ancient times to exploit oceanic migratory species such as dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), using Fish Aggregating anchored Devices (fads). A total of 2 300 boats are engaged in this fishery from August to December, the main fishing areas being those around Malta, Tunisia, Sicily and Majorca. The fads ( arrow right m2) are made of different cheap floating materials, and are moored in fixed places, ranging from shore waters to areas 60 miles off the coast (1 500 m depth). Each boat deploys an average of 20 to 100 fads. The gears used are special surrounding nets without purse line, and traditional purse seine nets. The fishery exploits young-of-the-year dolphinfish (<6 months old), originated by a pre-spawning migration of adults from Atlantic waters. Their catches show high annual and monthly variability, depending on the recruitment and the accessibility of recruits to the fishery. Pilotfish (Naucrates ductor) and greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) are also exploited in this fishery as by-catch. A total of about 1 000 metric tons of dolphinfish are yearly caught mainly in September-October. The fads are historically laid in August. Recently, the fads fishing period has increased in Sicily, and the fads are laid in July, so as to catch pilotfish and greater amberjak juveniles. In recent years, the interest for this fishing method and the study of these fisheries has increased in the Mediterranean. Though the market and its seasonality limit this exploitation, this fishery is economically profitable with good revenue.

Droits : Ifremer
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/12672.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15286/

Éditeur(s) : Blackwell science
Résumé : This paper deals with the design of modelling tools suitable for investigating the consequences of alternative policies on the dynamics of resources and fisheries, such as the evaluation of marine protected areas (MPA). We first review the numerous models that have been developed for this purpose, and compare them from several standpoints: population modelling, exploitation modelling and management measure modelling. We then present a generic fisheries simulation model, Integration of Spatial Information for FISHeries simulation (ISIS-Fish). This spatially explicit model allows quantitative policy screening for fisheries with mixed-species harvests. It may be used to investigate the effects of combined management scenarios including a variety of policies: total allowable catch (TAC), licenses, gear restrictions, MPA, etc. Fisher's response to management may be accounted for by means of decision rules conditioned on population and exploitation parameters. An application to a simple example illustrates the relevance of this kind of tool for policy screening, particularly in the case of mixed fisheries. Finally, the reviewed models and ISIS-Fish are discussed and confronted in the light of the underlying assumptions and model objectives. In the light of this discussion, we identify desirable features for fisheries simulation models aimed at policy evaluation, and particularly MPA evaluation.
Fish and Fisheries (1467-2960) (Blackwell science), 2005-12 , Vol. 6 , N. 4 , P. 307-349

Droits : 2005 Blackwell Publishing, Inc
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-1031.pdf
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00199.x
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1031/