Éditeur(s) : ICES-CM-1982/B:14
Résumé : The survival rate of Nephrops escaping through the cod-end was recently studied in the Bay of Biscay. Over the 45mm meshed cod-end was put a 15mm meshed net in order to retain the Nephrops escaping though, the cod-end. Soon after hauling escaped Nephrops were returned on the sea-bed into cages. After an inversion of 60-78 hours, the average survived rate was about 70 %. However it was found increasing with the size of individuals. The value obtained, which is only a result of- the action oh several factors, may be lower than the true value. I he evolution, of this biological parameter according to the mesh size is discussed in the scope of assessments
Le taux de survie des langoustines s'échappant à travers les mailles d'un cul de chalut a été étudié dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Sur le cul de chalut muni d'un maillage de 45 mm a été ajoutée une double-pêche en un maillage de 15mm: afin de recueillir les langoustines échappées. Les langoustines ainsi retenues ont été ré immergées dans des casiers. Après une immersion de 60-78 heures, le taux ce survie moyen était de l'ordre de 70%- Le taux de survie augmente avec la taille ces individus. Le taux de survie moyen obtenu n'est qu'une résultante de divers facteurs. Cette résultante pourrait dans le cas présent, être un minorant. L'évolution de ce paramètre biologique en fonction de la taille des vailles est, en outre, discutée.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1982/acte-2339.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2339/

Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research
Résumé : Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) were purified from diseased freshwater prawns M rosenbergii and used to infect healthy post-larvae (PL) by an immersion method. Three groups of prawns were challenged with various combined doses of MrNV and XSV. Signs of white-tail disease (WTD) were observed in Groups 1 and 2, which had been challenged with combinations containing relatively high proportions of MrNV and low proportions of XSV. By contrast there was little sign of WTD in Group 3, which had been challenged with a higher proportion of XSV than MrNV. A 2-step Taqman real-time RT-PCR was developed and applied to quantify viral copy numbers in each challenged PL. Results showed that genomic copies of both viruses were much higher in Groups 1 and 2 than they were in Group 3, indicating that MrNV plays a key role in WTD of M rosenbergii. The linear correlation between MrNV and XSV genome copies in infected prawns demonstrated that XSV is a satellite virus, dependent on MrNV, but its role in pathogenicity of WTD remains unclear.
Diseases of aquatic organisms (0177-5103) (Inter-Research), 2006-07 , Vol. 71 , N. 1 , P. 11-17

Droits : Inter-Research 2006
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3568.pdf
DOI:10.3354/dao071011
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/3568/

Éditeur(s) : Mercator Ocean
Résumé : Face to the lack of data to assess precisely the spatial distribution of catches and fishing effort and for the environmental characterization of the fishing area, Ifremer has been implemented since 2005 a new project, Recopesca. It consists in fitting out a sample of voluntary fishing vessels with sensors recording data on fishing effort (and at mid-terms catches) and physical parameters such as temperature or salinity. Recopesca aims at setting up a network of sensors, for scientific purposes, to collect data and improve resources assessment and diagnostics on fisheries, and environmental data required for ecosystem-based management initiatives. The challenge was to develop sensors with no trouble for the fishermen, tough enough to be fixed up on fishing gears, self powered and autonomous. Insofar as the sample of targeted vessels intends to be representative of all the metiers and fleets, the sensors are modular and scalable to collect new data. Different sensors have been implemented: (i) a temperature-salinity sensor, able to record physical parameters, depth and duration of immersion, for passive and active gears, and (ii) a specific sensor to record number or length of passive gears. A GPS monitors the position of the vessels and the temperature or salinity profiles and series. Each sensor is equipped with a radio device transferring the data to a receiver on-board, called “concentrator” that sends the data to Ifremer central databases by GPRS. An anti-rolling weigh-scale has been developed and is currently on test to record catches per species and fishing operation. The presentation will show the first data and results of this participative approach.
Mercator Ocean - Quarterly Newsletter (Mercator Ocean), 2010-04 , N. 37 , P. 40-48

Droits : 2010 Mercator Ocean
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00024/13500/10514.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00024/13500/

Résumé : Ce travail porte sur l'inhibition de l'acier C38 en milieu acide HC1 1M par les extraits alcaloïdes issus de 2 plantes : aspidosperma album et geissospermum laeve. Biodégradables et respectueux de l'environnement, les alcaloïdes pourraient être utilisés temporairement pour prévenir la corrosion de l'acier C39 avec des taux d'inhibition supérieurs à ceux décrits dans la littérature. Dans la première partie du travail, l'influence de la concentration, du temps d'immersion et de la température sur le processus de corrosion de l'acier C38 en milieu HC1 1M en absence de polarisation et spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Les analyses de surface effectuées par microscopie électronique a balayage montrent la présence d'une couche constituée d'un mélange d'oxyde de fer incorporant les alcaloïdes et qui conduit à la diminution de la vitesse de corrosion. La deuxième partie de ce travail a été consacrée à l'isolement des alcaloïdes des deux extraits afin de déterminer le ou les alcaloïdes responsables de l'activité inhibitrice et ainsi remonter aux mécanismes d’adsorption. Il a été montré que l'alcaloïde majoritaire des extraits est responsable de l'inhibition
This work is devoted to the corrosion inhibition of C38 steel in 1M HCL acid medium by alkaloids extracts from two plants : aspidosperma album and geissospermum laeve. Biodegradable and environmentally friendly, alkaloids could be used temporarily to prevent the corrosion of C38 steel with inhibition rates higher than those described in the literature. The first part of this work studies the influence of concentration, immersion time and temperature on the corrosion inhibitor by electrochemical measurements : polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface analyses conducted by scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of a layer composed of an iron oxide mixture incorporating alkaloids extracts and which leads to the decrease of the corrosion rate. The second part of this work was devoted to the isolation of alkaloids of two extracts in order to determine the alkaloids responsible of the inhibitory activity and thus to determine the adsorption mechanisms. It was showed that the major alkaloids of two extracts is responsible of the inhibition activity

http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0578/document

Résumé : Shrimp culture in New Caledonia has developed according to the "intensified" semi-intensive model which uses ponds that stretch over several hectares. Local shrimp farms are for the most part installed in "tannes", barren, highly saline areas of the back mangrove forest. These areas generally have impermeable silty clay soils that have biogeochemical features particularly appropriate for benthic life and are often immersed by tides. During the six months of the grow-out phase, the "pond ecosystem" undergoes an increase in potential, progressing from an initial state of "natural lagoon" to a "grow-out pond" that is highly enriched with degrading organic matter....
La crevetticulture calédonienne s'est développée sur le modèle semi intensif « intensifié » qui se pratique en bassins de plusieurs hectares. Les fermes aquacoles locales sont pour la majorité implantées sur des « tannes », zones salées et nues d'arrière mangrove. Ces étendues présentent des sols généralement limono-argileux imperméables dont les caractéristiques bio géochimiques sont le plus souvent appropriées à la vie benthique car fréquemment recouvertes par la marée. Au cours des six mois d'élevage, on assiste à une montée en puissance de l' « écosystème-bassin » qui passe d'un état initial de « lagune naturelle » à celui final d'un « bac d'élevage très enrichi » en produits de dégradation de la matière organique. Le premier « fauteur de troubles » dans un bassin est l'aliment, ou plutôt les conditions imparfaites de l'alimentation qui contribuent fortement à la détérioration de la qualité de la colonne d'eau et du sol et conduisent à des accumulations. Avec la succession de cycles « forcés » par souci de rentabilité, le bassin peut devenir extrêmement consommateur d'oxygène et des zones de plus en plus vastes se recouvrent de vases noires susceptibles de libérer des composés réduits toxiques limitant l'espace vie de la crevette. La dégradation des fonds de bassin n'est cependant pas une fatalité. Les boues bien gérées sont un atout pour le fonctionnement harmonieux d'un tel agro-système et en particulier pour le bien être du cheptel. Le maintien d'une qualité favorable de sédiment pour la production de L.stylirostris passe par la mise en assec d'une durée minimale d'au moins deux semaines. Cette période inter élevage de réhabilitation « à l'air » sera d'autant plus courte et efficace que la zootechnie « en eau » aura été soignée. La Demande en Oxygène du Sédiment (DOS), les Matières Aisément oxydables (MAO), le Redox, l'abondance de la méiofaune, le rapport Protéines/Glucides de la Matière Organique peuvent renseigner les aquaculteurs sur la qualité de leur « foncier ». Ces paramètres prometteurs sont cependant difficiles à mettre en oeuvre au sein des entreprises. Ils sont abordés ici dans le cadre d'un rappel didactique de certaines bases biologiques essentielles pour tirer le meilleur parti de l'assec.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-4399.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/4399/

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is a commercially important species, with production based on both fisheries and aquaculture. Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models have been extensively applied to study its energetics but such applications require a deep understanding of its nutrition, from filtration to assimilation. Being filter feeders, mussels show multiple responses to temporal fluctuations in their food and environment, raising questions that can be investigated by modeling. To provide a better insight into mussel–environment interactions, an experiment was conducted in one of the main French growing zones (Utah Beach, Normandy). Mussel growth was monitored monthly for 18 months, with a large number of environmental descriptors measured in parallel. Food proxies such as chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and phytoplankton were also sampled, in addition to non-nutritious particles. High-frequency physical data recording (e.g., water temperature, immersion duration) completed the habitat description. Measures revealed an increase in dry flesh mass during the first year, followed by a high mass loss, which could not be completely explained by the DEB model using raw external signals. We propose two methods that reconstruct food from shell length and dry flesh mass variations. The former depends on the inversion of the growth equation while the latter is based on iterative simulations. Assemblages of food proxies are then related to reconstructed food input, with a special focus on plankton species. A characteristic contribution is attributed to these sources to estimate nutritional values for mussels. M. edulis shows no preference between most plankton life history traits. Selection is based on the size of the ingested particles, which is modified by the volume and social behavior of plankton species. This finding reveals the importance of diet diversity and both passive and active selections, and confirms the need to adjust DEB models to different populations and sites.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2014-10 , Vol. 9 , N. 10 , P. 1-13

Droits : 2014 Picoche et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32895/31380.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32895/31381.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32895/31382.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32895/31383.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32895/31384.pdf

Éditeur(s) : PSIC 11 - 11th Pacific Science Inter-Congress : Pacific Countries and their Ocean: Facing Local and Global Changes / 2nd Symposium on French Research in the Pacific. March 2 - 6, 2009 Tahiti, French Polynesia.
Résumé : Scientific and technical studies carried out under semi-intensive farming conditions, with large earthen ponds (Fig 1), to assess the effects of treatments on zootechnical results are highly complex due to the many logistical, economic and/or experimental constraints involved. In our study, we evaluated the use of floatingcages (Paquotte et al., 1998) immersed in earthen ponds as an experimental tool in order to design future powerful and economical expe-riments under semi-intensive farming conditions.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00197/30872/29240.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00197/30872/

Éditeur(s) : New York : C. T. Dillingham Boston : Lee and Shepard
Description : Immersion in the history, culture and way of life of the Caribs of the amazing Lesser Antilles.
Siècle(s) traité(s) : 19
Droits : Domaine public
Provenance : Ville de Pointe-à-Pitre. Réseau des bibliothèques
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/PAP11013
PAP11013