Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : CRREF : Centre de Recherche et de Ressources en Education et Formation ESPE de la Guadeloupe : Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l
Description : Pierre FLEURY (Maître de conférences en sciences de l'éducation) s'interroge sur la transmission des invariants d'une discipline à l'autre. Quoi transmettre ? Et comment essayer de scénariser de la manière la plus efficiente possible. L'enseignement des concepts se pose comme un défi tant ces objets sont complexes. En sciences physiques, les concepts semblent être adossés à des invariants-gènes spécifiques. Une première catégorisation de ces objets dans cette discipline est suggérée : invariant-gène, par transformation-conservation, par équilibre, par collection. Le propos tenu est articulé autour de la genèse des invariants-gènes qui prend sa source chez les invariants-opératoires de Vergnaud (1985) - la catégorisation des invariants-gènes en sciences physiques sera illustrées, de quelques cas concrets qui ont pu mette en évidence chez les élèves que les constructions des concepts et invariants-gènes associés semblent très intimes, et d'une tentative d'ouverture de la catégorisation suggérée des invariants-gènes à de nombreuses disciplines.

Droits : CC-BY-NC-ND - Attribution - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification
Permalien : http://www.manioc.org/fichiers/V16039
V16039

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union
Résumé : We propose to assess the error done when temperature is considered as a conservative tracer in fluviokarst studies. As a matter of fact, heat exchanges occur between karstic Conduit System (CS) and Porous Fractured Matrix (PFM) that prevents from using this approximation without caution. The conservative tracer approximation boils down to consider the cooling of CS water by PFM flow in an open thermodynamic system where the CS is bounded by an Adiabatic Wall (AW). The resulting CS water temperature contrasts with the one obtained from more complete models (CW), which also take into account heat conduction within the CS, within the PFM, and from the CS to PFM through CS a Conductive Wall. In order to assess first orders of this error, the dimensionless equations, characteristic of CS cooling by PFM, have been solved thanks to Alternate Finite Difference Implicit methods both in AW and CW configurations. Four groups of dimensionless numbers appear in the various terms of energy and mass equations among which the Peclet and Reynolds numbers depict the large morphologic and hydrologic variability of natural karstic systems. A parametric exploration of the differences between AW and CW models has then been conducted vs. Peclet numbers (Pe numbers varying from 106 to 109, at constant CS Reynolds number) and vs. Reynolds numbers (Red varying from 103 to 107, at constant Peclet number). The error curves bound finite volumes in the Peclet–Reynolds space that converge uniformly to zero for the extreme values of these parameters. However, for Peclet and Reynolds numbers characteristic of realistic fluviokarst configurations, the errors reach finite values, that give first order information assessing the error done by considering temperatures as conservative tracers. Maximum relative errors around 10−2 (in fact 0.0092) have been found varying Pe; while it remained slightly lower than 0.7 × 10−2 varying Red. An illustrative example of the temperature conservative tracer AW approximation is presented with the data obtained from the main morphologic and hydrologic properties of the Cent–Font resurgence (Hérault, France). According to the results, the error reached at the output of the fluviokarst is 0.00613 (for Pe = 1.4993 × 108 and Red = 4.2969 × 104). When rescaled to the physical domain, this error leads to a temperature difference of 1.77 K between the CW and AW configurations.
ISSN: 1812-2108

hal-01358348
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358348
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358348/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01358348/file/hessd-11-169-2014.pdf
DOI : 10.5194/hessd-11-169-2014

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Dudley et al. [9] commented on our paper [11], arguing that the current IUCN objective-based categorization ofprotected areas, which is also used in marine protected areas (MPAs), should not be abandoned and replaced bythe new regulation-based classification system [11]. Here we clarify that we do not advocate replacing thecurrent IUCN categories, but highlight the benefits of using both the objective-based IUCN categories and thenew regulation-based classification when applied to MPAs. With an increasing number of MPA types beingimplemented, most of them multiple-use areas zoned for various purposes, assessing ecological and socioeconomicbenefits is key for advancing conservation targets and policy objectives. Although the IUCN categoriescan be used both in terrestrial and marine systems, they were not designed to follow a gradient of impacts andthere is often a mismatch between stated objectives and implemented regulations. The new regulation-basedclassification system addresses these problems by linking impacts of activities in marine systems with MPA andzone classes in a simple and globally applicable way. Applying both the IUCN categories and the regulationbasedclasses will increase transparency when assessing marine conservation goals.
ISSN: 0308-597X

hal-01469541
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01469541
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.025

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
1. The use of targets to provide measurable objectives and benchmarks for management, conservation, andrestoration of ecosystems is commonplace. In the marine and coastal realms, targets have been successful insetting sustainable limits to fisheries harvests, thresholds for pollutants, and recommended amounts ofrepresentative habitat included in marine protected area (MPA) networks. Quantifiable targets can dissuadegovernments from making dubious claims about investments in ocean protection that sound impressive butcannot be verified. Examples are presented where protection targets have been used successfully for marinemanagement, and instances where measurable and meaningful benchmarks serve to allow tracking of true progress.2. However, the setting of targets can also be a double-edged sword. In some cases, targets have proven useful,but in many instances, interventions made to fulfil targets not only give a false illusion of progress or even success,they present opportunity costs that impede further conservation.3. Some of these issues were raised in the 2003 article ‘Dangerous Targets?: Unresolved issues and ideologicalclashes around marine protected areas’ that appeared in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and FreshwaterEcosystems. Since its publication, the article’s warnings about how targets can sometimes be dangerous andcounter-productive have led to intense debate among scientists and policy-makers alike, and the paper has beencited in more than 500 publications. Yet today, more than a dozen years after the first ‘Dangerous Targets’publication, new targets are driving more MPA designations and conservation strategies than ever before, andthe ‘dangerous’ aspects of target setting have been largely ignored.4. This paper discusses old ‘dangers’ in the context of new developments in marine conservation, including thelingering problem of having simplistic metrics drive marine policies, and the unintended result that can often occurwhen outputs (percentage of area under MPA designation) do not align with true outcomes of effectivemanagement and conservation. Newly emerging ‘dangers’ in letting areal targets (percentage of area underMPA designation) drive MPA designations are also discussed, including how the rush to fulfil obligations toprotect a certain proportion of area is taking place in planning, separate from broader level, and potentiallymore holistic, marine spatial planning (MSP).5. The paper suggests five recommendations that would allow policy-makers to use targets more effectively,including: (1) increase transparency in planning, especially around specific goals and objectives of MPAestablishment; (2) use time-based areal targets when representativity is a goal of the protected area strategy; (3)
ISSN: 1052-7613

hal-01380963
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01380963
DOI : 10.1002/aqc.2675

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Enamel formation requires the involvement of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins. Three of them, amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM), have been extensively studied in mammals. More recently, a fourth protein belonging to the same family has been identified: amelotin (AMTN). AMTN has only been studied in rodents and its role during amelogenesis remains unclear.The aim of this thesis is to extend the knowledge on AMTN by studying its evolution in amniotes and its expression in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.AMTN sequences from many amniote species have been extracted from databases or obtained by PCR, and analyzed. Those analyses allowed us to reveal differences in the gene structure and to highlight residues that were conserved during mammalian or amniote evolution. These conserved amino acids are essential to the structure and/or function of the protein.The expression of AMTN and of AMEL, AMBN and ENAM has been studied by in situ hybridization on lizard jaw sections. Comparison of the expression pattern of these genes during amelogenesis in the lizard with that described in rodents points to similarities (AMEL, AMBN and ENAM) but also to important differences, especially in the spatio-temporal expression of AMTN. In order to better understand AMTN evolution in tetrapods, I studied its expression in an amphibian (Pleurodeles waltl) and a marsupial (Monodelphis domestica).Taken together, these results suggest a link between the evolution of AMTN gene structure (loss of exons and of functional domains in mammals) and its expression (early in non-mammals versus late in mammals) with the emergence of prismatic structure of enamel in early mammals.
La formation de l'émail dentaire met en jeu des phosphoprotéines sécrétées liant le calcium. Parmi celles-ci figurent amélogénine (AMEL), améloblastine (AMBN) et énaméline (ENAM), qui ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études chez les mammifères. Plus récemment, une quatrième protéine de la même famille a été découverte, l'amélotine (AMTN). Elle n'a été étudiée que chez les rongeurs et son rôle au cours de l'amélogenèse reste mal défini. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'élargir les connaissances sur AMTN en étudiant son évolution chez les amniotes et son expression au cours de l'amélogenèse chez le lézard Anolis carolinensis. Les séquences d'AMTN d'un grand nombre d'amniotes ont été extraites des bases de données ou obtenues par PCR, et analysées. Ces analyses ont mis en évidence différentes structures géniques et des acides aminés très conservés au cours de l'évolution. Cette conservation indique qu'ils sont essentiels à la structure ou à la fonction de la protéine. L'expression d'AMTN ainsi que celle d'AMEL, AMBN et ENAM ont été étudiées par hybridation in situ sur des coupes de mâchoires de lézard. La comparaison des patrons d'expression chez le lézard avec ceux décrits chez la souris a révélé des différences dans l'expression spatio-temporelle d'AMTN. De ce fait, afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution de ce gène, son expression a été étudiée chez un amphibien (Pleurodeles waltl) et un marsupial (Monodelphis domestica).Ces travaux suggère un lien entre l'évolution de la structure génique d'AMTN (perte d'exons et de domaines fonctionnels) et de son expression (précoce versus tardive) avec l'émergence de la structure prismatique de l'émail chez les mammifères.
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01154518

NNT : 2015PA066066
tel-01154518
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01154518
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01154518/document
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01154518/file/2015PA066066.pdf

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00098814/00061

Éditeur(s) : Conservation International Conservation International ( Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil )
Résumé : (Additional Physical Form) Also issued online.
(Language) English, Portuguese, and Spanish.
(Dates or Sequential Designation) Vol. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1993)-
(Issuing Body) Issued jointly with Center for Applied Biodiversity Science,
Published in Washington, D.C., Dec. 1999-Apr. 2005 , Arlington, VA, Aug. 2005-
Latest issue consulted: Vol. 13, no. 1 (Apr. 2005).
Brazil
Latin America

28561619
96648813
1413-4705

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Royal Society, The
Résumé : There is broad consensus that the diversity of functional traits within species assemblages drives several ecological processes. It is also widely recognized that rare species are the first to become extinct following human-induced disturbances. Surprisingly, however, the functional importance of rare species is still poorly understood, particularly in tropical species-rich assemblages where the majority of species are rare, and the rate of species extinction can be high. Here, we investigated the consequences of local and regional extinctions on the functional structure of species assemblages. We used three extensive datasets (stream fish from the Brazilian Amazon, rainforest trees from French Guiana, and birds from the Australian Wet Tropics) and built an integrative measure of species rarity versus commonness, combining local abundance, geographical range, and habitat breadth. Using different scenarios of species loss, we found a disproportionate impact of rare species extinction for the three groups, with significant reductions in levels of functional richness, specialization, and originality of assemblages, which may severely undermine the integrity of ecological processes. The whole breadth of functional abilities within species assemblages, which is disproportionately supported by rare species, is certainly critical in maintaining ecosystems particularly under the ongoing rapid environmental transitions.
ISSN: 0962-8452

hal-01532639
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532639
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2016.0084
PRODINRA : 384617

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Réseau « Développement durable et territoires fragiles »
Résumé : The Green and Blue infrastructure (Trame verte et bleue –TVB) is a new conservation policy tool based on the notions of ecological network and corridor. The introduction of this new instrument through the French Grenelle environment commitments brings about some change in the spatial strategy of the conservation policy. Beyond the identification of priority conservation areas, ecological planning of all the territory is concerned. The TVB’s implementation process establishes the connection of multi and nested decisional and action levels. It thus creates specific situations of complexity and uncertainty that require innovation and perpetual change of governance. The study of the Auvergne region case through the adaptive governance analytical framework highlights the potential fruitful role of Regional nature parks in such dynamics of change and learning. Mots-clés : aménagement durable des territoires, biodiversité, réseau écologique, corridor écologique, gouvernance adaptative, socio-écosystème, trame verte et bleue Keywords : Sustainable landplaning, Biodiversity, Ecological network, Adaptive governance, socio-ecosystem
La Trame verte et bleue (TVB), nouveau dispositif d’action publique visant à enrayer la perte de biodiversité traduit un renouvellement des référentiels de justification des politiques de conservation et de leur stratégie territoriale. Il s’agit d’intégrer la planification écologique dans l’aménagement de l’ensemble du territoire. Le processus de territorialisation de la TVB met en rapport de multiples niveaux de décision et d’action imbriqués. Il crée de ce fait des configurations inédites de complexité et d’incertitude et implique des innovations en termes de gouvernance que le cadre analytique de la gouvernance adaptative permet d’appréhender. En nous appuyant sur l’exemple du Parc Naturel Régional des Volcans d’Auvergne, nous analysons le rôle que ces institutions sont susceptibles de jouer dans ces dynamiques de changement et d’apprentissage socio-technique et politique qui conditionnent une mise en œuvre effective de la TVB.
ISSN: 1772-9971

hal-01195370
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01195370
DOI : 10.4000/developpementdurable.9675
PRODINRA : 269288

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Association for the Advancement of Science
Résumé : The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone-US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation-is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities.
ISSN: 0036-8075

hal-01607784
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607784
DOI : 10.1126/science.aaf8957
PRODINRA : 389856