![]() | Ecological and economic viability for the sustainable management of mixed fisheries Auteur(s) : Gourguet, Sophie Éditeur(s) : University of Tasmania, Université de Bretagne Occidentale Résumé : Empirical evidence and the theoretical literature both point to stock sustainability and the protection of marine biodiversity as important fisheries management issues. Decision-support tools are increasingly required to operationalize the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. These tools need to integrate (i) ecological and socio-economic drivers of changes in fisheries and ecosystems; (ii) complex dynamics; (iii) deal with various sources of uncertainty; and (iv) incorporate multiple, rather than single objectives. The stochastic co-viability approach addresses the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives throughout time, and takes into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize exploited ecosystems and biodiversity. This thesis proposes an application of this co-viability approach to the sustainable management of mixed fisheries, using two contrasting case studies: the French Bay of Biscay (BoB) demersal mixed fishery and the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Both fisheries entail direct and indirect impacts on mixed species communities while also generating large economic returns. Their sustainability is therefore a major societal concern. A dynamic bio-economic modelling approach is used to capture the key biological and economic processes governing these fisheries, combining age- (BoB) or size- (NPF) structured models of multiple species with recruitment uncertainty, and multiple fleets (BoB) or fishing strategies (NPF). Economic uncertainties relating to input and output prices are also considered. The bioeconomic models are used to investigate how the fisheries can operate within a set of constraints relating to the preservation of Spawning Stock Biomasses (BoB) or Spawning Stock Size Indices (NPF) of a set of key target species, maintenance of the economic profitability of various fleets (BoB) or the fishery as a whole (NPF), and limitation of fishing impacts on the broader biodiversity (NPF), under a range of alternative scenarios and management strategies. Results suggest that under a status quo strategy both fisheries can be considered as biologically sustainable, while socio-economically (and ecologically in the NPF case) at risk. Despite very different management contexts and objectives, viable management strategies suggest a reduction in the number of vessels in both cases. The BoB simulations allow comparison of the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets. Notably, co-viability management strategies entail a more equitable allocation of effort reductions compared to strategies aiming at maximizing economic yield. In the NPF, species catch diversification strategies are shown to perform well in controlling the levels of economic risk, by contrast with more specialized fishing strategies. Furthermore analyses emphasize the importance to the fishing industry of balancing global economic performance with inter-annual economic variability. Promising future developments based on this research involve the incorporation of a broader set of objectives including social dimensions, as well as the integration of ecological interactions, to better address the needs of ecosystem-based approaches to the sustainable harvesting of marine biodiversity. L’objectif général de la thèse est de modéliser les principaux processus biologiques et économiques régissant des pêcheries multi-espèces et multi-flottilles afin de proposer des stratégies viables pour la gestion durable de ces pêcheries mixtes, dans un contexte stochastique et multiobjectif. Plus spécifiquement, cette thèse utilise des analyses de co-viabilité stochastique pour étudier les arbitrages entre des objectifs contradictoires de gestion (conservation, et viabilité économique et sociale) des pêcheries mixtes. Deux pêcheries mixtes sont analysées dans cette thèse: la pêcherie française mixte démersale du golfe de Gascogne et la pêcherie crevettière australienne du Nord (NPF). Ces deux pêcheries sont multi-espèces, et utilisent des stratégies multiples de pêche, induisant des impacts directs et indirects sur les écosystèmes. Cette thèse propose une application de la co-viabilité stochastique à ces deux cas, en prenant en compte leur histoire, leur contexte socio-politique et les différences dans les stratégies et objectifs de gestion. Les résultats suggèrent que le status quo peut être considéré comme une stratégie biologiquement durable mais socio économiquement à risque dans les deux pêcheries (ainsi qu’à risque écologique dans le cas de la pêcherie australienne). Les simulations réalisées pour le golfe de Gascogne permettent de comparer les arbitrages associés à différentes réductions de capacités par flottille et de montrer qu’il existe des solutions de gestion permettant la co-viabilité du système (viabilité biologique des différentes espèces considérées et viabilité socio-économique des flottilles) contrairement à des stratégies de gestion mono-spécifiques ou basées sur la maximisation de la rente. Dans la pêcherie crevettière australienne, l’analyse montre que les stratégies de diversification permettent de limiter le risque économique contrairement aux stratégies plus spécialisées. Droits : UBO, Univ. Tasmania http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31731/30134.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31731/ | Partager |
![]() | Combining the Biocean database for deep-sea benthic data with the online Ocean Biogeographic Information System Auteur(s) : Fabri, Marie-claire Galeron, Joelle Larour, Michel Maudire, Gilbert Éditeur(s) : Inter-Research Résumé : The Biocean database was designed to collate the extremely large volume of data collected from different deep-sea ecosystem studies conducted by Ifremer's department of 'Environnement Profond' (Deep-Sea Environment). This database comes in a 6-application package: 2 of them are used on research vessels to collect operational data, whereas the others are used to link with a core database back on land. The latter are used to: (1) manage taxonomic nomenclature, (2) monitor the identification of faunal collections, (3) fill in chemical analyses results or measurement data files and (4) add or extract data from the database. Biocean was designed to facilitate ecosystem studies in the deep sea. It represents an important new resource for deep-sea ecologists and will have wide applications in biogeography and biodiversity studies at Ifremer, but also for the international community, as faunal data are linked to the Census of Marine Life information system OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System). Biogeographical analyses of Biocean data recovered through the OBIS portal evidence an evolution in the deep-sea sampling strategies more focused in limited areas and is intended to reveal ecosystems functioning. Marine Ecology Progress Series (0171-8630) (Inter-Research), 2006-07 , Vol. 316 , P. 215-224 Droits : 2006 Inter-Research http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1581.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1581/ | Partager Voir aussi Environmental parameters Biodiversity Benthos Taxonomy Biogeography Deep sea ecosystems Data management Télécharger |
![]() | Les pycnogonides de la croisière 1951 du « Président Théodore Tissier » Auteur(s) : Bourdillon, A Éditeur(s) : ISTPM Résumé : The 1951 cruise of the "Président-Théodore-Tissier" was conducted from February 13th to June 30th, 1951. During these four and a half months, the vessel, which departed from Brest, stopped successively in Madeira, the French Caribbean, the Bermudas, Woods Hole, Halifax, on the banks of Newfoundland, the Azores Islands, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and then sailed back to Brest after 13,000 miles in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. The North-Western Atlantic and the Caribbean Pycnogonida have been the focus in 1948 of a very comprehensive and documented review by J. W. Hedgpeth followed by a catalogue of the stations of the different expeditions which worked in the Northern Atlantic Ocean and the studied species. Moreover, the work of Marcus (1940) on the South-American Pycnogonida is an excellent basis for the study of the tropical Atlantic Pycnogonida. Recently, J.-H. Stock (1954 a) published a preliminary study on Pycnogonida collected at small depths in the Caribbean. During the 1951 cruise of the "Président-Théodore-Tissier", 15 species of Pycnogonida were collected at 16 stations which can be classified, from a biogeographic point of view, in five groups of unequal importance: the floating sargassum (8 stations), the Little Caribbean (5 stations), the Bermudas (1 station), the surroundings of Wood Hole (1 station), the banks of Newfoundland (1 station). La croisière 1951 du « Président-Théodore-Tissier» a duré du 13 février au 30 juin 1951. Pendant ces quatre mois et demi, le navire, parti de Brest, s'est rendu successivement à Madère, aux Antilles française, aux Bermudes, à Woods Hole, à Halifax, sur les Bancs de Terre-Neuve, aux Açores, à Saint-Jean-de-Luz, et est rentré à Brest après avoir parcouru plus de 13.000 milles dan l'Atlantique Nord. Les Pycnogonides de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest et des Antilles ont fait l'objet en 1948 d'une révision très complète et documentée de J. W. Hedgpeth suivie d'un catalogue des stations des différentes expéditions ayant travaillé dans l'Atlantique Nord et des espèces récoltées. Par ailleurs, le travail de Marcus (1940) sur les Pycnogonides sud-américains constitue une excellente base pour l'étude des Pycnogonides de l'Atlantique tropical. Enfin, tout récemment J.-H. Stock (1954 a) a publié une étude préliminaire des Pycnogonides récoltés à faible profondeur dans les Antilles. Au cour de la campagne 1951 du «Président-Théodore-Tissier », 15 espèces de Pycnogonides ont été recueillies en 16 stations qui peuvent, au point de vue biogéographie, être classés en cinq groupes d'importance très inégale: les sargasses flottantes (8 stations), les petites Antilles (5 stations), les Bermudes (1 station), les environs de Wood Hole (1 station), les Bans de Terre-Neuve (1 station). ATTENTION : Ce texte a été extrait du document par un processus automatique, non contrôlé, de reconnaissance optique de caractères (OCR). Il est donc susceptible de comporter des erreurs. En cas de doute, consultez le fichier PDF. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes (0035-2276) (ISTPM), 1955-12 , Vol. 19 , N. 4 , P. 581-609 Droits : Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1955/publication-6612.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6612/ | Partager |
![]() | A Software Package and Hardware Tools for in situ Experiments in a Lagrangian Reference Frame Auteur(s) : Doglioli, Andrea Nencioli, Francesco Petrenko, Anne Rougier, Gilles Fuda, Jean-luc Grima, Nicolas Éditeur(s) : Amer Meteorological Soc Résumé : The Lagrangian Transport Experiment (LATEX) was developed to study the influence of coupled physical and biogeochemical dynamics at the meso- and submesoscales on the transfers of matter and heat between the coastal zone and the open ocean. One of the goals of the Latex10 field experiment, conducted during September 2010 in the Gulf of Lion (northwest Mediterranean), was to mark a dynamical mesoscale feature by releasing a passive tracer [sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)] together with an array of Lagrangian buoys. The goal was to release the tracer in an initial patch as homogeneous as possible in the horizontal, and to study its turbulent mixing and dispersion while minimizing the contribution due to advection. For that, it was necessary to continuously adjust the vessel route in order to remain as closely as possible in the Lagrangian reference frame moving with the investigated mesoscale structure. To accomplish this task, a methodology and software were developed, which are presented here. The software is equipped with a series of graphical and user-friendly accessories and the entire package for MATLAB can be freely downloaded (). Journal Of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology (0739-0572) (Amer Meteorological Soc), 2013-08 , Vol. 30 , N. 8 , P. 1940-1950 Droits : 2013 American Meteorological Society http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26590/24719.pdf DOI:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00183.1 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00155/26590/ | Partager Voir aussi Dispersion Lagrangian circulation transport Ship observations Tracers Experimental design Software Télécharger |
![]() | The use of anchored FADs in the area served by the Secretariat of the Pacific community (SPC): Regional synthesis Auteur(s) : Desurmont, A Chapman, L Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999 15-19 octobre 1999 Résumé : In the area served by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), which includes 22 Pacific Island countries and territories, anchored FADs have been used since the late 1970s. First introduced from the Philippines, via Hawaii, they were quickly adopted by both industrial and artisanal fisheries sectors : in 1984 more than 600 anchored FADs had been deployed in the region. Since these early days, the development of the technique by the industrial and the artisanal sectors have followed parallel paths with little interaction. In the industrial private sector, companies are funding, deploying and monitoring their own FADs. For some fishing companies, using purse seiners and pole-and-line vessels, from the Solomon Islands or Papua-New-Guinea, these FADs have become a necessity. FAD programmes for small-scale fisheries have been almost exclusively run by the public sector, with technical support from regional and international development agencies and financial assistance from overseas funding agencies. These programmes have had mixed successes : becoming an on-going and essential tool in some places like French Polynesia or Guam; or being momentarily suspended, like in Vanuatu or Tonga, because of the lack of funds, partly due to the scarcity of proven economic return to the fishing communities. This document is an attempt to synthesise the current information on these very diverse situations, including technical, economical and social considerations. Droits : Ifremer http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/12669.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15283/ | Partager |
![]() | Quaternary turbidite systems on the northern margins of the Balearic Basin (Western Mediterranean): a synthesis Auteur(s) : Droz, Laurence Dos Reis, A. T. Rabineau, Marina Berne, Serge Bellaiche, G Éditeur(s) : Springer Résumé : The Balearic Basin is a young basin composed of thick Plio-Quaternary sediments, including active gravity sedimentation. During the Quaternary, gravity processes deposited (1) turbidite systems, either as symmetrical fans (Petit-Rhone and Valencia fans) or asymmetrical ridges (Marseille-Planier, Grand- Rhone and Pyreneo-Languedocian ridges) and (2) several mass-transport deposits, indicating recurrent sedimentary failures of the margin. This paper synthesizes previous works and proposes a chronological sedimentary evolution for the basin. Except for the last 20 ka, the chronostratigraphy remains poorly constrained but should soon be established for the last 500 ka, based on the PROMESS1 drillings on the outer shelf of the Gulf of Lions, and hopefully for the last 30 Ma, based on ultra-deep drilling in the deep basin from aboard the Chikyu research vessel (IODP proposal Pre699). Geo-Marine Letters (0276-0460) (Springer), 2006-12 , Vol. 26 , N. 6 , P. 347-359 Droits : 2006 Springer Science+Business Media http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2171.pdf DOI:10.1007/s00367-006-0044-0 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2171/ | Partager |
![]() | Evolution de l'activite-des flottilles françaises en Mer d'Irlande et en Mer Celtique Auteur(s) : Charuau, Anatole Morizur, Yvon Rivoalen, Jean-jacques Éditeur(s) : CM. 1982/K : 8 Résumé : Since 1978, the habits of the french fishermen working with bottom trawl in the Irish Sea and in the Celtic Sea were altered (CHARUAU et M0RIZUR, 198l) under the pressure of the new mesh regulation. Two facts are pointed out: - the shifting, stabilized during 1980 and 198l, of a part of the effort of the vessels fishing for gadoids, from the area VIIa to the areaVIIf - a tendancy inside the area VIIg of a part of the effort of the Nephrops trawlers to be transferred on benthic fishes when the yield of Nephrops is low. Cette communication décrit l'évolution des habitudes des pêcheurs français travaillant au chalut de fond en Mer d'Irlande (division CIEM VIIfa) et sur le Plateau Celtique (divisions CIEM VIIf et g) sous la pression des nouvelles réglementations de irai liage. Elle fait suite à la communication de CHARUAU et M0RIZUR(198l) sur le même sujet. Deux phénomènes simultanés se sont produits depuis 1978 : - un repli qui semble s'être stabilisé entre 1980 et 198l, d'une partie de la flottille des bateaux spécialisés dans la pêche du poisson, de la division VIIa vers la division VIIf, - un report, à l'intérieur de la division VIIg, d'une partie de l'effort des langoustiniers vers le poisson. Ce changement qui s'explique surtout par des raisons socio-économiques n'est pas analysé. Seules les tendances par rapport a 1980 sont constatées. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1982/acte-2342.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/2342/ | Partager |
![]() | Sustainability of tropical small-scale fisheries: Integrated assessment in French Guiana Auteur(s) : Cisse, Abdoul Blanchard, Fabian Guyader, Olivier Éditeur(s) : Elsevier Sci Ltd Résumé : Like many tropical small-scale fisheries, the French Guiana coastal fishery is characterized by the high fish biodiversity of its ecosystem, the weak selectivity of the fleets exploiting the resources, and the heterogeneity of the vessels in terms of size and fishing techniques. The Rapfish method is used to assess sustainability within 11 fishery systems by means of 27 attributes relating to ecological, economic, social, and technological fields. Overall results indicate an average performance in the weak sustainability range. Comparisons made among the FSs show a gradient of sustainability performance from the western portion of the coast to the eastern portion. Several recommendations are formulated to raise the current “sustainability” status, such as the reduction of discards. This study is used as a complementary tool to the bioeconomic model in order to define a sustainable management plan for the French Guiana coastal fishery. Marine Policy (0308-597X) (Elsevier Sci Ltd), 2014-02 , Vol. 44 , P. 397-405 Droits : 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27310/25662.pdf DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.10.003 http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00162/27310/ | Partager |
![]() | Small-scale coastal fisheries in Europe. Final report Auteur(s) : Guyader, Olivier Berthou, Patrick Koustikopoulos, C. Alban, Frederique Demaneche, Sebastien Gaspar, M Eschbaum, R Fahy, E Résumé : The necessity of improving knowledge in fisheries and especially small-scale coastal fisheries in order to analyse the conditions for their sustainable development is increasingly recognized. The three main requirements for the sustainable development of fisheries are the simultaneous present and future well being of the bio-ecological system, the human system and the management process. Knowledge on these aspects of small-scale coastal fisheries (SSCF) in Europe is generally limited, although there has been an improvement in information on the fishing sector and inshore marine resources due to the EU Data Collection Regulations (DCR) 1. SSCF are strongly represented in all EU Member States (81% and 87% of the EU 25 whole fleet is composed of vessels less than 12 and 15 meters respectively)2 and approximately 100,000 crew are involved in SSCF in Europe. SSCF are present all around the European coast, even in isolated and sensitive areas. Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/rapport-6348.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00141/25204/23312.pdf http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/6348/ | Partager |