Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD John Libbey Eurotext
Résumé : International audience
The principal gynaecological cancers (breast, ovary, uterus, and cervix) account for over 40% of cancers found in women worldwide. However, large differences exist, in both their incidence and geographical distribution. The French West Indies, through their location, environment, socio-economic development, lifestyle, nutrition and the origins of their populations, constitute territories with a very particular character in the heart of the Caribbean. These characteristics have an impact on public health and can affect the incidence of tumours. We report for the first time the incidence of these major gynaecological cancers in Guadeloupe. Breast, ovary and uterine cancers have lower incidences in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. By contrast, cervical cancer is more frequent in Guadeloupe than in mainland France. The mortality rates associated with breast cancer, ovary and uterine cancer are also lower in Guadeloupe than in mainland France, whereas the opposite pattern is observed for cervical cancer. These observations may be accounted for in part by a difference in the prevalence of established or suspected risk factors for each of these types of cancer.
ISSN: 0007-4551

inserm-00504624
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00504624
DOI : 10.1684/bdc.2008.0810
PUBMED : 19258222

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : The length frequency distribution of blackfin tunas (Thunnus atlanticus) shows a significant difference between fishes caught with a longline, during Ifremer experimental surveys and fishes landed by fishermen who exploit martinican FADs. The fishing technique used could probably explain this. In fact, diving surveys have confirmed the presence of great concentrations of adult blackfin tunas under FADs. Big individuals stay during long periods between 20 and 50 meters under the FAD while small ones go up to the surface to feed on little flying fishes, at dawn principally. The bait and the line used at the moment around martinican FADs do not fit to adult blackfin tunas fishing. From these observations and following the tests realized by Ifremer in La Reunion in 1990, we proposed to martinican fishermen to test a new technique based on the utilization of live bait locally called "coulirous" (Selar crumenophthalmus). In La Reunion, this technique has been successful. Live baits are hooked on a vertical longline. In Martinique, the tests to catch live bait during the night near the shore have been already successful and the first fishing experiences with vertical line are also encouraging. This paper aims at proposing and transfering this technique to martinican fishermen but technical exchanges and discussions are needed to improve this new fishing technique.Original Abstract: Une analyse des compositions en taille des thons noirs (Thunnus atlanticus) captures, d'une part, lors des peches experimentales realisees par l'Ifremer a la palangre derivante et, d'autre part, debarques par les pecheurs exploitant les DCP martiniquais montre une difference significative de la taille moyenne des individus. Les techniques de peche utilisees peuvent probablement expliquer cette difference. En effet, des observations sous-marines ont confirme a plusieurs reprises la presence de larges concentrations de thons noirs adultes sous les dispositifs. Les gros individus se tiennent preferentiellement entre 20 et 50 m de profondeur a proximite du DCP alors que les petits individus montent plus frequemment en surface pour chasser, notamment au lever du jour. L'appat et les caracteristiques des engins actuellement utilises autour des DCP martiniquais ne sont pas bien adaptes a la capture des thons noirs adultes. A partir de ce constat et sur la base des essais de palangres verticales realises au laboratoire de l'Ifremer de La Reunion en 1990, qui ont abouti a une generalisation de cette technique de peche autour des DCP reunionnais, nous avons propose aux pecheurs martiniquais de tester cette nouvelle technique basee sur l'utilisation de " coulirous " vivants (Selar crumenophthalmus). Les essais de peche de l'appat vivant, la nuit a la palangrotte, se sont reveles positifs dans plusieurs baies de la Martinique et les premiers tests sur la palangre verticale a thons noirs sont encourageants. Cette communication fait le point sur le transfert vers les pecheurs martiniquais en identifiant les mises au point necessaires pour ameliorer l'efficacite de la technique proposee.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15293/12651.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15293/

Éditeur(s) : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poissons, Caribbean-Martinique, 15-19 Oct 1999
Résumé : The volcanic island of Mayotte (374 km super(2)) is part of the Comoros Archipelago, which is situated on the North of Mozambic's Canal (Indian Ocean). Mayotte is composed of two islands and some thirty small islands distributed in a lagoon of more than 1,000 km super(2). Being one of the French Republic's Territorial Collectivity, this island is characterized by a very fast demographic evolution (growth rate : 5.8 %), which constitutes the foundation of the development problematic. Most of local halieutic production comes from the reef (nearly 2,000 t in 1999), the technic of "palangrotte" (deep line) is still dominating. The fishing fleet is composed of monoxyl pirogues and polyester fishing boats for the 1,200 fishermen. The first FADs (Fish Aggregating Devices) were installed in 1989. Now, 5 FADs are situated in the lagoon whereas 10 others have been installed out of it. If it is very hard to evaluate economic impact of FAD in Mayotte, their success seems to be limited because of several local constraints : fear to fish out of the lagoon, little interest in tuna, lack of formation. Nevertheless, faced to the demographic evolution and the decrease of the reef ressources, a program of fishing development on FAD has been initiated in 1998, with those following themes : realization of a new prototype of FAD, experimental fishing program with vertical drift "long line", teaching programs for the local fishermen. Today, it is too early to analyze the informations already collected, but the results are very promising, and validate the technical improvement of the new prototype.Original Abstract: L'ile volcanique de Mayotte (374 km super(2)) fait partie de l'archipel des Comores situe au Nord du canal du Mozambique (ocean Indien). Mayotte comprend deux iles et une trentaine d'ilots repartis dans un lagon de plus de 1 000 km super(2). Collectivite territoriale de la Republique francaise, l'ile se caracterise par une evolution demographique tres rapide (taux de croissance: 5,8 %), qui constitue le socle de toutes les problematiques de developpement. L'essentiel de la production halieutique provient du milieu recifal (environ 2 000 t en 1999), la peche a la ligne de fond reste la technique dominante. La flottille de peche est constituee de pirogues monoxyles et de barques polyester pour une population de 1 200 pecheurs. Les premiers DCP mahorais furent installes en 1989. A ce jour, on denombre cinq DCP dans le lagon et dix hors lagon. Il semble que leur succes soit reste limite en raison de plusieurs contraintes locales : peur de la peche hors lagon, peu d'interet pour les poissons pelagiques, manque de formation. Neanmoins, face a l'explosion demographique et a l'appauvrissement des ressources lagonaires, un nouveau programme de developpement de la peche sur DCP a ete initie en 1998. Ce programme comporte trois axes : realisation d'un nouveau prototype de DCP, lancement d'un programme de peches experimentales a la palangre verticale derivante et formation des pecheurs. A ce jour, les informations obtenues sont trop parcellaires pour etre analysees mais les donnees et observations realisees sur les nouveaux dispositifs permettent de valider leur conception technique.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15290/12647.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15290/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
Morphology can be misleading in the representation of phylogenetic relationships, especially in simple organisms like cnidarians and particularly in hydrozoans. These suspension feeders are widely distributed in many marine ecosystems, and the family Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 is among the most diverse and visible, especially on tropical coral reefs. The taxonomy of this family is based on morphological characters with emphasis on reproductive structures for the identification of genera. This study is the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Aglaopheniidae to date, including six genera and 38 species, of which 13 were investigated for the first time and sampled on tropical coral reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific region. For newly sampled individuals, we sequenced the 16S rRNA, the nuclear locus comprising the complete ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 and the first intron of the calmodulin nuclear gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the data revealed and confirmed a general polyphyly, or doubtful monophyly, of all sampled genera in tropical regions based on both the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Our results revealed that several morphological characters used today are unsuited to resolve phylogenetic relationships between species and genera, as well as the high phyletic diversity within this family. Future revision of the classification of this family will require extensive geographic sampling and the use of an integrative approach.
ISSN: 0300-3256

hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253738/file/Phylogenetic%20relationships%20within%20Aglaopheniidae%20%28Cnidaria%2C._hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/zsc.12135

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : Field isolates of Toxoplasma gondii in Europe and North America have been grouped into three clonal lineages that display different virulence in mice. Whether the genetic structure of the parasite is related to clinical expression in humans has not yet been demonstrated. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which uses lineage-specific, polymorphic polypeptides derived from the dense granule antigens, GRA5 and GRA6. Our goal was to compare serotypical patterns observed in asymptomatic versus symptomatic (ocular disease and severe infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients) infections among patients from Europe and South America. Independent of the clinical presentation of the disease, serotypes differed according to geographical origin, with a homogeneous distribution of serotype II in Europe and of serotypes I and III in South America. We conclude that GRA5-GRA6 serotyping is an interesting tool to study serotype prevalence in populations but it is not an accurate marker of pathogenicity of Toxoplasma infection in humans.
ISSN: 1286-4579

hal-00306841
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00306841
DOI : 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.04.001
PUBMED : 18539501

Éditeur(s) : Actes de colloques. Ifremer. Brest [ACTES COLLOQ. IFREMER.]. 1986
Résumé : Five topics are developed in this synthesis: (1) multi elements analysis in geochemistry; (2) iron geochemical behavior; (3) complexing properties of waters; (4) copper behavior in estuarine waters; (5) impact of sediment dynamics on dissolved metals concentration.

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-1290.pdf
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/1290/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Nature Publishing Group
Résumé : International audience
The understanding of crop domestication is dependent on tracking the original geographical distribution of wild relatives. The faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is economically important in many countries around the world; nevertheless, its origin has been debated because its ancestor could not be securely identified. Recent investigations in the site of el-Wad (Mount Carmel, Israel), provide the first and, so far, only remains of the lost ancestor of faba bean. X-ray CT scan analysis of the faba beans provides the first set of measurements of the biometry of this species before its domestication. The presence of wild specimens in Mount Carmel, 14,000 years ago, supports that the wild variety grew nearby in the Lower Galilee where the first domestication was documented for Neolithic farmers 10,200 years ago.
ISSN: 2045-2322

Droits : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
hal-01417973
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01417973
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01417973/document
http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01417973/file/srep37399.pdf
DOI : 10.1038/srep37399

Éditeur(s) : Public Library Science
Résumé : Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a "conservation priorities portfolio" system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa.
Plos One (1932-6203) (Public Library Science), 2011-09 , Vol. 6 , N. 9 , P. 1-14

Droits : 2011 Wallace et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/13573.pdf
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024510
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00050/16097/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD INSEE
Résumé : National audience
L'agglomération des activités économiques est indéniable (Krugman, 1991) et chacun peut aisément citer des exemples de quartiers spécialisés au sein des villes ou des clusters d'activités par exemple. L'explication des phénomènes d'agglomération semble être à présent bien appréhendée théoriquement (Fujita et al., 1999 ; Fujita et Thisse, 2002) mais les recherches empiriques ne semblent pas avoir atteint un tel stade de maturité (Rosenthal et Strange, 2004, Ellison et al., 2010 ; Gibbons et al., 2014). Durant la dernière décennie, de nombreuses recherches en économie spatiale ont porté sur les mesures de concentration géographique. Les économistes retenaient traditionnellement des mesures reposant sur un zonage du territoire (comme l'indice de Gini) mais des travaux récents ont montré que discrétiser l'espace pouvait engendrer des biais (Briant et al., 2010). L'utilisation de mesures fondées sur les distances (séparant les entités analysées) et non sur un zonage est aujourd'hui recommandée (Combes et al., 2006). Notre contribution méthodologique montre qu'une attention particulière doit encore être portée à la définition de la concentration spatiale pour évaluer l'agglomération des activités économiques. À partir de la localisation des commerces de détail sur l'aire urbaine de Lyon notamment, nous montrons, en utilisant trois mesures de concentration récemment introduites en économie spatiale (Kd, D et M), que les résultats obtenus ne convergent pas systématiquement. Cette différence dans les estimations provient de la définition de la concentration spatiale retenue qui peut être absolue (présence importante d'activités), topographique (densité élevée d'activités) ou relative (surreprésentation de certaines activités). Nous recommandons alors que le choix de la mesure de concentration soit suffisamment motivé d'un point de vue théorique pour apprécier correctement le phénomène analysé et ainsi apporter une évaluation satisfaisante de la distribution étudiée.
ISSN: 0336-1454

hal-01118488
https://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01118488

Éditeur(s) : Wiley-blackwell
Résumé : The history of colonization and dispersal in fauna distributed among deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remains enigmatic and poorly understood because of an inability to mark and track individuals. A combination of molecular, morphological and environmental data improves understanding of spatial and temporal scales at which panmixia, disruption of gene flow or even speciation may occur. Vestimentiferan tubeworms of the genus Escarpia are important components of deep -sea cold seep ecosystems, as they provide long-term habitat for many other taxa. Three species of Escarpia, Escarpia spicata [Gulf of California (GoC)], Escarpia laminata [Gulf of Mexico (GoM)] and Escarpia southwardae (West African Cold Seeps), have been described based on morphology, but are not discriminated through the use of mitochondrial markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1; large ribosomal subunit rDNA, 16S; cytochrome b). Here, we also sequenced the exon-primed intron-crossing Haemoglobin subunit B2 intron and genotyped 28 microsatellites to (i) determine the level of genetic differentiation, if any, among the three geographically separated entities and (ii) identify possible population structure at the regional scale within the GoM and West Africa. Results at the global scale support the occurrence of three genetically distinct groups. At the regional scale among eight sampling sites of E. laminata (n=129) and among three sampling sites of E. southwardae (n=80), no population structure was detected. These findings suggest that despite the patchiness and isolation of seep habitats, connectivity is high on regional scales.
Molecular Ecology (0962-1083) (Wiley-blackwell), 2013-08 , Vol. 22 , N. 16 , P. 4147-4162

Droits : 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00152/26354/24515.pdf
DOI:10.1111/mec.12379
http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00152/26354/

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : In this paper we report a study of the mating system and gene flow of Sextonia rubra, a hermaphroditic, insect pollinated tropical tree species with a geographic distribution in the Guyana Plateau and the Amazon. Using five microsatellites we analysed 428 seeds of 27 open pollinated families at the experimental site "Paracou" in French Guiana. We observed, compared to other tropical tree species, a high level of genetic diversity. We estimated parameters of the mating system and gene flow by using the mixed mating model and the TwoGenerapproach. The estimated multilocus outcrossing rate, tm, was 0.992 indicating nearly complete outcrossing. A significant level of biparental inbreeding and a small proportion of full-sibs were estimated for the 27 seed arrays. The differentiation of allelic frequencies among the pollen pools was ΦFT = 0.061. We estimated mean pollen dispersal distances between 65 m and 89 m according to the dispersal models used. The joint estimation of pollen dispersal and density of reproductive trees gave an effective density estimate of 2.1-2.2 trees/ha
Silvae genetica

hal-01031483
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01031483

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera has the specific ability to produce pearls with the widest range of coloursamong all pearl oyster species. This pearl colour diversity originates from the mantle biomineralising tissue(graft) of the donor oyster, which is originally responsible for the variety of colours of the inner shell surface.This study aimed to: 1) assess the geographic distribution and establish a first stocklist of the colourful oysterphenotypes used as donors in French Polynesia, and 2) investigate the phenotypic relation between inner shellcolouration and the corresponding colour of harvested pearls. With the support of a pearl farmers' network,we investigated the different donor phenotype frequencies among five collection sites (Ahe, Apataki, Takaroa,TakumeandMangareva).Thisdonorevaluationwasmadeduringgraftingofpearloysters(N=49,938)obtainedfrom collector stations. Results showed that pearl production is mainly based on six common colourful donorphenotypes classified as monochromatic and polychromatic profiles, which shown different frequenciesamongthecollectionsites.Experimentalgrafts(N=4640)werethenrealisedandsubsequentcultureconductedat a single site in order to avoidpearl colour variation due to environmental influences. Traceability between do-nors (N = 232) and pearls (N = 2776), revealed that: 1) yellow (gold) and aubergine (reddish) pearls could bemostlyobtainedbyusingthemonochromaticyellowandreddonor phenotypes,respectively,and2)onethirdtoonequarterofgreypearlswasinevitablyharvested,whateverthepolychromaticphenotypechosenasthedonor,which leaves at least half the harvest composed of the attractive green and peacock colours. This preliminarystocklist of colour range together with analysis of the colour phenotype transmission between inner shell andpearl provide the basis for producing multiple pearl oyster “colour lines” through hatchery propagation andwould be helpful for future selective breeding programs.Statement of relevance: Donor shell colour selection predict colours of pearls
ISSN: 0044-8486

hal-01489247
https://hal-univ-perp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01489247
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.017