Éditeur(s) : Aug. A. Héraux Aug. A. Héraux ( Port-au-Prince )
Résumé : Title from PDF cover (LLMC Digital, viewed on July 6, 2011)
(Statement of Responsibility) J.L. Dominique.
Haiti
Haïti
Haiti

739116420
ocn739116420
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00021602/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The mycotoxin alternariol (AOH), a frequent contaminant in fruit and grain, is known to induce cellular stress responses such as reactive oxygen production, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Cellular stress is often connected to autophagy, and we employed the RAW264.7 macrophage model to test the hypothesis that AOH induces autophagy. Indeed, AOH treatment led to a massive increase in acidic vacuoles often observed upon autophagy induction. Moreover, expression of the autophagy marker LC3 was markedly increased and there was a strong accumulation of LC3-positive puncta. Increased autophagic activity was verified biochemically by measuring the degradation rate of long-lived proteins. Furthermore, AOH induced expression of Sestrin2 and phosphorylation of AMPK as well as reduced phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 kinase, common mediators of signaling pathways involved in autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy analyzes of AOH treated cells not only clearly displayed structures associated with autophagy such as autophagosomes and autolysosomes, but also the appearance of lamellar bodies. Prolonged AOH treatment resulted in changed cell morphology from round into more star-shaped as well as increased β-galactosidase activity. This suggests that the cells eventually entered senescence. In conclusion, our data identify here AOH as an inducer of both autophagy and senescence. These effects are suggested to be to be linked to AOH-induced DSB (via a reported effect on topoisomerase activity), resulting in an activation of p53 and the Sestrin2-AMPK-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway.
ISSN: 0300-483X

hal-01117627
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117627
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117627/document
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01117627/file/Autophagy%20and%20senescence_accepted.pdf
PUBMED : 25456271

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : International audience
MR and MDHD contributed equally to this work. Summary Painful vaso-occlusive crisis, a hallmark of sickle cell anaemia, results from complex, incompletely understood mechanisms. Red blood cell (RBC) damage caused by continuous endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress may precipitate the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises. In order to gain insight into the relevance of oxidative stress in vaso-occlusive crisis occurrence , we prospectively compared the expression levels of various oxidative markers in 32 adults with sickle cell anaemia during vaso-occlusive crisis and steady-state conditions. Compared to steady-state condition, plasma levels of free haem, advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxi-dase, RBC caspase-3 activity, as well as the concentrations of total, neutrophil-and RBC-derived microparticles were increased during vaso-occlusive crises, whereas the reduced glutathione content was decreased in RBCs. In addition, natural anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels decreased during crisis and were negatively correlated with the rise in plasma advanced oxidation protein products and RBC caspase-3 activity. These data showed an exacerbation of the oxidative stress during vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anaemia patients and strongly suggest that the higher concentration of harmful circulating RBC-derived microparticles and the reduced anti-band 3 autoantibodies levels may be both related to the recruitment of oxidized band 3 into membrane aggregates.
ISSN: 0007-1048

inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/document
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01476067/file/2016%2C%20Hierso%20-%20Exacerbation%20of%20oxidative%20stress%20during%20sickle%20vaso-occlusive%20crisis.pdf
DOI : 10.1111/bjh.14476

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Météo et Climat
Résumé : International audience
D'initiative française, le projet international HyMeX a pour objectif d'améliorer la compréhension du cycle de l'eau en Méditerranée, de sa variabilité, de l'échelle de l'événement météorologique aux échelles saisonnières et interannuelles, et de ses caractéristiques sur une décennie, dans un contexte de changement global. Le projet est motivé par le rôle déterminant des processus de mésoéchelle, couplés entre l'atmosphère, la mer et la terre, sur la variabilité du système climatique et sur le déclenchement d'événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes (précipitations et inondations, vents forts et convection océanique, canicules et sécheresses). Le projet vise enfin à évaluer les conséquences de ces événements extrêmes sur la vulnérabilité sociale et économique de cette région et sa capacité d'adaptation.
ISSN: 0026-1181

hal-00828758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828758/file/meteo_2013_80_23%20%281%29.pdf
DOI : 10.4267/2042/48792

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Springer Verlag
Résumé : International audience
Pituitary adenomas are currently classified by histological, immunocytochemical and numerous ultrastructural characteristics lacking unequivocal prognostic correlations. We investigated the prognostic value of a new clinicopathological classification with grades based on invasion and proliferation. This retrospective multicentric case-control study comprised 410 patients who had surgery for a pituitary tumour with long-term follow-up. Using pituitary magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cavernous or sphenoid sinus invasion, immunocytochemistry, markers of the cell cycle (Ki-67, mitoses) and p53, tumours were classified according to size (micro, macro and giant), type (PRL, GH, FSH/LH, ACTH and TSH) and grade (grade 1a: non-invasive, 1b: non-invasive and proliferative, 2a: invasive, 2b: invasive and proliferative, and 3: metastatic). The association between patient status at 8-year follow-up and age, sex, and classification was evaluated by two multivariate analyses assessing disease- or recurrence/progression-free status. At 8 years after surgery, 195 patients were disease-free (controls) and 215 patients were not (cases). In 125 of the cases the tumours had recurred or progressed. Analyses of disease-free and recurrence/progression-free status revealed the significant prognostic value (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) of age, tumour type, and grade across all tumour types and for each tumour type. Invasive and proliferative tumours (grade 2b) had a poor prognosis with an increased probability of tumour persistence or progression of 25- or 12-fold, respectively, as compared to non-invasive tumours (grade 1a). This new, easy to use clinicopathological classification of pituitary endocrine tumours has demonstrated its prognostic worth by strongly predicting the probability of post-operative complete remission or tumour progression and so could help clinicians choose the best post-operative therapy.
ISSN: 0001-6322

hal-00875723
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875723
DOI : 10.1007/s00401-013-1084-y
PUBMED : 23400299

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Toxicology Letters
Stockholm, Sweden

hal-01122645
https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01122645
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.439

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley/Blackwell
Résumé : 4 pages
International audience
This article documents the addition of 268 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alburnoides bipunctatus, Chamaerops humilis, Chlidonias hybrida, Cyperus papyrus, Fusarium graminearum, Loxigilla barbadensis, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Odontesthes bonariensis, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Posidonia oceanica, Potamotrygon motoro, Rhamdia quelen, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sibiraea angustata, Takifugu rubripes, Tarentola mauritanica, Trimmatostroma sp. and Wallago attu. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Alburnoides fasciatus, Alburnoides kubanicus, Alburnoides maculatus, Alburnoides ohridanus, Alburnoides prespensis, Alburnoides rossicus, Alburnoides strymonicus, Alburnoides thessalicus, Alburnoides tzanevi, Carassius carassius, Fusarium asiaticum, Leucaspius delineatus, Loxigilla noctis dominica, Pelecus cultratus, Phoenix canariensis, Potamotrygon falkneri, Trachycarpus fortune and Vimba vimba.
ISSN: 1755-098X

hal-00823716
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00823716
DOI : 10.1111/1755-0998.12095
PUBMED : 23521844

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Wiley
Résumé : Hydraulic habitat models based on the preferences of species for the hydraulic characteristics of their microhabitats are frequently used to evaluate the impact on the habitat of a change in river flow regime. Their application in a tropical insular environment is still limited as little is known about the hydraulic preferences of species. Hydraulic preference models have been developed for 15 taxa (diadromous shrimps and fishes) sampled in 52 rivers in the Caribbean (the French West Indies) and the Indian Ocean (the Reunion island). Five datasets were used and group 8353 samples collected by electrofishing during 320 surveys (reach date) performed between 1999 and 2011. Generalized additive models were used to link variations of taxa density within surveys to the hydraulic characteristics of the microhabitat (velocity, depth and substrate). Hydraulic preferences within each region (Caribbean and Indian Ocean) are significant for most of the taxa and vary little between rivers and surveys. The hydraulic variables explain up to 18.1% (univariate models) and 30.0% (multivariate models) of the deviance of densities within survey. Of the taxa selected, Atya scabra, Macrobrachium heterochirus, Xiphocaris elongata and the Sicydiinae are the most demanding.
ISSN: 1535-1459

hal-01072479
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072479/file/ly2014-pub00038946.pdf
DOI : 10.1002/rra.2675

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : Les dossiers thématiques d'Agropolis, n° 11
Dans le contexte actuel de contraintes climatiques et socioéconomiques, les agricultures des zones sèches doivent évoluer afin de s’adapter et de répondre à un double défi : produire plus pour satisfaire les besoins alimentaires importants de populations en croissance, mais aussi produire mieux de façon viable et durable. Pour cela, les agricultures de ces zones doivent évoluer vers des modes de production à la fois plus productifs, économes en ressources naturelles et résistants aux aléas climatiques.Dans ce cadre, l’ingénierie écologique propose de nouvelles alternatives de gestion des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux caractéristiques des régions arides et semi-arides d’Afrique subsaharienne. Ceci implique de maitriser la complexité des systèmes étudiés et de s’inspirer à la fois du fonctionnement des écosystèmes naturels de référence à la région agroécologique concernée — les savanes pour les zones sèches ouest-africaines — et des pratiques traditionnelles et savoir-faire locaux issus d’une longue adaptation face aux contraintes environnementales.À partir des expériences ouest-africaines notamment, différentes options pratiques sont exposées dans ce dossier. On pourra ainsi agir sur la biodiversité des organismes, que ce soit les plantes ou les microorganismes du sol par exemple, favoriser le recyclage des matières organiques et des éléments nutritifs pour les plantes qui sont associées, maitriser les cycles de l’eau et, enfin, agir sur l’organisation des paysages pour favoriser un meilleur contrôle des ravageurs de culture.Cependant, développer une telle approche demande une vision intégrée du fonctionnement et de l’évolution des systèmes agro-sylvo-pastoraux. Les questions sociales — le foncier, l’urbanisation et les migrations — et économiques — les marchés des denrées de première nécessité, la pauvreté, etc. — sont des déterminants essentiels qu’il convient de prendre en compte pour le développement durable des populations dans les zones sèches en Afrique subsaharienne.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01585038

hal-01585038
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01585038

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Oxford University Press (OUP)
Résumé : International audience
BACKGROUND: HIV cohort collaborations, which pool data from diverse patient cohorts, have provided key insights into outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the extent of, and reasons for, between-cohort heterogeneity in rates of AIDS and mortality are unclear. METHODS: We obtained data on adult HIV-positive patients who started ART from 1998 without a previous AIDS diagnosis from 17 cohorts in North America and Europe. Patients were followed up from 1 month to 2 years after starting ART. We examined between-cohort heterogeneity in crude and adjusted (age, sex, HIV transmission risk, year, CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA at start of ART) rates of AIDS and mortality using random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: During 61 520 person-years, 754/38 706 (1.9%) patients died and 1890 (4.9%) progressed to AIDS. Between-cohort variance in mortality rates was reduced from 0.84 to 0.24 (0.73 to 0.28 for AIDS rates) after adjustment for patient characteristics. Adjusted mortality rates were inversely associated with cohorts' estimated completeness of death ascertainment [excellent: 96-100%, good: 90-95%, average: 75-89%; mortality rate ratio 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.46-0.94) per category]. Mortality rate ratios comparing Europe with North America were 0.42 (0.31-0.57) before and 0.47 (0.30-0.73) after adjusting for completeness of ascertainment. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity between settings in outcomes of HIV treatment has implications for collaborative analyses, policy and clinical care. Estimated mortality rates may require adjustment for completeness of ascertainment. Higher mortality rate in North American, compared with European, cohorts was not fully explained by completeness of ascertainment and may be because of the inclusion of more socially marginalized patients with higher mortality risk.
ISSN: 0300-5771

hal-00875138
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875138
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dys164
PUBMED : 23148105

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : absent
ISSN: 0034-4257

hal-01019844
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019844
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.012

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD American Academy of Neurology
Résumé : International audience
OBJECTIVE: We examined if the CNS Penetration-Effectiveness (CPE) score of antiretroviral drugs was associated with survival after a diagnosis of HIV-related encephalopathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), cerebral toxoplasmosis, or cryptococcal meningitis. METHODS: Using data from the FHDH-ANRS CO4, we compared the survival of 9,932 HIV-infected patients diagnosed with a first neurologic AIDS-defining event in the pre-combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (1992-1995), early cART (1996-1998), or late cART (1999-2004) periods. Follow-up was subdivided (CPE < 1.5 and CPE ≥ 1.5), and relative rates (RR) of death were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS: In the pre-cART and early cART periods, regimens with CPE ≥ 1.5 were associated with lower mortality after HIV-related encephalopathy (RR 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.86 and RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.35-0.58) and after PML (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.55-1.12 and RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.31-0.65), compared to regimens with CPE < 1.5, while in the late cART period there was no association between the CPE score and the mortality. A higher CPE score was also associated with a lower mortality in all periods after cerebral toxoplasmosis (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.84) or cryptococcal meningitis (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.74). Whatever the neurologic event, these associations were not maintained after adjustment on updated plasma HIV-RNA (missing, <500, ≥500 copies/mL) with RR ranging from 0.82 (95% CI 0.36-1.91) to 1.02 (0.69-1.52). CONCLUSION: At the beginning of the cART era, the CPE score was of importance for survival after severe neurologic event, while in the late cART period, the additional effect of CPE score vanished with more powerful antiretroviral regimens associated with plasma viral load control.
ISSN: 0028-3878

hal-00875434
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00875434
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820c3089
PUBMED : 21248274

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Geological Society of America
Résumé : International audience
The post-rift denudation history of high-elevation divergent continental margins is central to deciphering source-to-sink systems across such margins and to unraveling their topographic evolution. We performed 40Ar-39Ar dating of supergene K-Mn oxides from supergene manganese ore deposits in order to constrain the age of in situ formed laterites on both the lowland and highland sides of the Western Ghats Escarpment of Peninsular India. Documentation of laterites as old as 53 Ma on the highland and 47 Ma at the foot of the escarpment shows that the escarpment stabilized before 47 Ma (possibly 60 Ma). The topographic setting of the dated weathering mantles also constrains denudation of the lowland and the highland since ca. 50 Ma to maximums of 5 m/m.y. and 15 m/m.y., respectively. Our results challenge denudation rates derived from apatite fission track thermochronology by documenting the topography and relief longevity of the southwest Indian margin and its hinterland. The results preclude large-magnitude uplift of Peninsular India after the Eocene, and more generally argue against late Neogene uplift and topographic rejuvenation of continental shields.
ISSN: 0091-7613

hal-01306559
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01306559
DOI : 10.1130/G37303.1

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
The mycotoxin enniatin B (EnnB) is predominantly produced by species of the Fusarium genera, and often found in grain. The cytotoxic effect of EnnB has been suggested to be related to its ability to form ionophores in cell membranes. The present study examines the effects of EnnB on cell death, differentiation, proliferation and pro-inflammatory responses in the murine monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Exposure to EnnB for 24 h caused an accumulation of cells in the G0/G1-phase with a corresponding decrease in cyclin D1. This cell cycle-arrest was possibly also linked to the reduced cellular ability to capture and internalize receptors as illustrated by the lipid marker ganglioside GM1. EnnB also increased the number of apoptotic, early apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as cells with elongated spindle-like morphology. The Neutral Red assay indicated that EnnB induced lysosomal damage; supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing accumulation of lipids inside the lysosomes forming lamellar structures/myelin bodies. Enhanced levels of activated caspase-1 were observed after EnnB exposure and the caspase-1 specific inhibitor ZYVAD-FMK reduced EnnB-induced apoptosis. Moreover, EnnB increased the release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in cells primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and this response was reduced by both ZYVAD-FMK and the cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074Me. In conclusion, EnnB was found to induce cell cycle arrest, cell death and inflammation. Caspase-1 appeared to be involved in the apoptosis and release of IL-1β and possibly activation of the inflammasome through lysosomal damage and leakage of cathepsin B.
ISSN: 0041-008X

inserm-00871698
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00871698
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.014
PUBMED : 22483798

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Lateritic surface processes have shaped large platform and cratons of the tropical belt. Constraining the timing of such processes is crucial to decipher their role in cratonic morphogenesis and their response to long-term climatic change and lithospheric deformation. Weathering histories have been documented for South America, Africa and Australia, but precise time constraints of the lateritic weathering processes in South India are still lacking. We present 40Ar/39Ar ages of supergene cryptomelane (K-Mn oxide) formed in the Sandur Mn ore deposits exposed on the highest lateritic paleolandsurface that once covered the Mysore plateau and the adjacent Deccan Traps. Significant 40Ar/39Ar ages are estimated between ~ 36 and ~ 26 Ma from well-defined plateaus in step heating 39Ar release spectra and from best-fitted inverse isochrones. These ages constitute firm time constraints that document intense late Eocene-Oligocene lateritic weathering over Peninsular India under the influence of warm and wet climate comparable to that prevailing in tropical humid forests. These results imply that Southern India was weathered between ~ 36 and 26 Ma and may have been dissected mostly in the Neogene.
ISSN: 0012-821X

Droits : info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess
hal-01097320
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01097320
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01097320/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01097320/file/EPSL-D-13-00742R1_HAL.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : International audience
The Cenozoic weathering of peninsular India has been advocated as a major driver of globalcooling, however, its timing remains virtually unconstrained such that proposed links betweentropical weathering of the Deccan Traps, regional monsoonal intensity and global climate remainsspeculative. To solve this conundrum we present here a revised weathering chronologybased on the identification of lateritic paleosurfaces and their dating using 40Ar/39Ar on supergeneK-rich manganese oxides. We focus on the Indian western passive margin where theWestern Ghats Escarpment (WGE) – a ~1000 m high topographic barrier resulting from thecontinental break up of Greater India – exposes exceptionally preserved weathering profilesfrom the western coastal lowlands to the eastern highland plateaus above the WGE. Four mainlateritic paleosurfaces have been identified: Three in the highland; a high landsurface (Al-Femostly bauxite) at elevation 1200-1000 m asl, an intermediate landsurface covered by a Feduricrustat 1000-900 m asl and a lower pediment landsurface at 850-600 m asl; and one inthe coastal lowland underneath a pediment landsurface at 150-50 m asl. The 40Ar/39Ar agesdocument three major weathering periods over the Cenozoic. The oldest weathering period(W1) is recorded between 53 Ma to 45 Ma both in the highland and the lowland. This correlatesto the Global Eocene climatic Optimum, and allows defining a bauxitic paleolandsurface acrossthe escarpment. Intense bauxitic weathering between ~ 45 and 47 Ma in the lowland indicatethat the WGE was stabilized before ~ 47 Ma on its margin and also implies low denudation rateat the foot of the WGE (<5 m Ma-1) since that time. The second weathering period between37 Ma to 19 Ma (W2) occurred in two distinctive stages (W2a and W2b). From 37 to 26 (W2a),weathering is only recorded in the highland and affect intermediate surfaces. The intensityof chemical weathering decreased sensibly between 32 and 29 Ma – potentially linked to theEarly Oligocene cooling – and resulted in the formation of the lower pediment surface. From~26 Ma to 19 Ma (W2b), only the western coastal lowland weathered while the highland surfacesare mostly dissected. This change and the highland/lowland weathering mitigation after~26 Ma documents a change in climatic patterns over peninsular India that signs the onset ofmodern-like monsoon regime. These results are being interpolated to the Deccan Traps basaltsto quantify their weathering and ultimately estimate of the contribution to CO2 fluxes of thesethree weathering periods and their potential link to Asian Monsoons and global cooling.
Source to Sink: a long term perspective of sediment budgets and sources characterization, Abstracts
Rennes, France

insu-01406455
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01406455