Éditeur(s) : Underwood & Underwood, Publishers Underwood & Underwood, Publishers ( New York )
Résumé : (Donation) Gifted on behalf of William P. and Barbara L. Angrick
Panama -- Central America -- Panama City

Droits : Public Domain Presumed (e.g. expiry of copyright term): This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
2013.2.102
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015225/00001

Éditeur(s) : Keystone View Company Keystone View Company ( Meadville, PA )
Résumé : (Donation) Gifted on behalf of William P. and Barbara L. Angrick
Panama -- Central America -- Panama City -- Panama Canal Zone

Droits : Public Domain Presumed (e.g. expiry of copyright term): This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
2013.2.90
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015210/00001

Éditeur(s) : Underwood & Underwood, Publishers Underwood & Underwood, Publishers ( New York )
Résumé : (Donation) Gifted on behalf of William P. and Barbara L. Angrick
Panama -- Central America

Droits : Public Domain Presumed (e.g. expiry of copyright term): This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
2013.2.104
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015256/00001

Éditeur(s) : E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. E. & H. T. Anthony & Co. ( New York )
Résumé : (Donation) Gifted on behalf of William P. and Barbara L. Angrick
South America -- Colombia -- Cartagena

Droits : Public Domain Presumed (e.g. expiry of copyright term): This item is presumed to be in the public domain. The University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries respect the intellectual property rights of others and do not claim any copyright interest in this item. Users of this work have responsibility for determining copyright status prior to reusing, publishing or reproducing this item for purposes other than what is allowed by fair use or other copyright exemptions. Any reuse of this item in excess of fair use or other copyright exemptions requires permission of the copyright holder.
2013.2.110
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00015262/00001

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Superposed to ductile syn-metamorphic deformations, post-foliation deformations affect metamorphic units during their exhumation. Understanding the role of such deformations in the structuration of metamorphic units is key for understanding the tectonic evolution of convergence zones. We characterize post-foliations deformations using 3D modelling which is a first-order tool to describe complex geological structures, but a challenging task where based only on surface data. We propose a modelling procedure that combines fast draft models (interpolation of orientation data), with more complex ones where the structural context is better understood (implicit modelling), allowing us to build a 3D geometrical model of Syros Island blueschists (Cyclades), based on field data. With our approach, the 3D model is able to capture the complex present-day geometry of the island, mainly controlled by the su-perposition of three types of post-metamorphic deformations affecting the original metamorphic pile: i) a top-to-South ramp-flat extensional system that dominates the overall island structure, ii) large-scale folding of the metamorphic units associated with ramp-flat extensional system, and iii) steeply-dipping normal faults trending dominantly NNW-SSE and EW. The 3D surfaces produced by this method match outcrop data, are geologically consistent, and provide reasonable estimates of geological structures in poorly constrained areas.
ISSN: 0191-8141

insu-01188400
https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01188400
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.07.002

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD Elsevier
Résumé : International audience
Mongolia represents the northernmost area affected by the India–Asia collision, and it is actively deformed along transpressive belts closely associated with large-scale strike-slip faults. The active and past mantle flow beneath this region is, however, poorly known. In order to investigate deep mantle deformation beneath central Mongolia and its relation with the surrounding major structures such as the Siberian craton, the Gobi–Altay belt and the Baikal rift, a NS-trending profile of broadband seismic stations has been deployed in the summer 2003 from the southern Siberian craton to the Gobi–Altay range, crossing the entire Hangay dome. Mantle flow is deduced from the splitting of teleseismic shear waves such as SKS phases. In eastern Mongolia, the permanent station ULN in Ulaanbaatar reveals the presence of two anisotropic layers, the upper one being oriented NE–SW, close to the trend of lithospheric structures and the lower one NW–SE, close to the trend of Eurasia absolute plate motion. Along the NS profile in central Mongolia, seismic anisotropy deduced from SKS splitting reveals a homogeneous NW–SE trending structure, fully consistent with the observations made in the Altay–Sayan in western Mongolia. The observed delay times of 1.5 to more than 2.0 s favor consistent mantle flow over large mantle thicknesses. Since the lithosphere is less than 100 km thick beneath central Mongolia and since the observed fast directions are parallel to the trend of the lithospheric structures but also close to the trend of the absolute plate motion, we propose that both the lithosphere and the asthenosphere may join their anisotropic effects beneath central Mongolia to explain the large delay times. Although GPS vectors represent the instantaneous displacement of the Earth's surface and SKS splitting the time and vertical integration of finite strain at depth, we use the opportunity of the dense geodetic measurements available in this region to discuss the anisotropy pattern in term of present-day deformation. In the Eurasia-fixed reference frame, GPS and SKS both depict a similar trend beneath central Mongolia, suggesting a lithospheric block “escaping” toward the east that could orient olivine a-axes in the upper mantle, within a transpressive tectonic regime. A different behaviour is observed in western Mongolia: the GPS vectors trend NS, close to the regional compression direction, whereas the fast SKS directions trend EW, suggesting a tectonic regime close to a mode of axial shortening, generating the development of an EW-trending foliation at depth. We therefore propose that Mongolia is a place where active and frozen lithospheric deformation may add their effects, together with the sublithospheric flow. In the three sources of anisotropy inferred, a fundamental role is played by the Siberian craton that acted as an undeformable core of the continent through time: the frozen Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures wrap around the craton, building up the fast anisotropic direction pattern; the present-day sublithospheric flow induced by the plate motion is likely deflecting around its deep roots; finally, the present-day tectonic regime appears to be controlled by the presence of the craton to the north.
ISSN: 0012-821X

hal-00407853
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407853
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407853/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407853/file/Barruol_SKS_Mongolia_EPSL2008_hal.pdf
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.027

Éditeur(s) : HAL CCSD
Résumé : A section of ancient fast-spreading ocean crust was sampled at Wadi Gideah, located in the Wadi Tayin Massif of the Oman ophiolite. This sample suite was used for generating a coherent data set combining various petro-geochemical and structural investigations, with the aim of building a reference section for advancing our understanding of crustal accretion processes at fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges. Additionally, this study focuses on one outcrop that represents part of the fossil axial melt lens (AML).Major and trace element analyses reveal a trend of chemical evolution up section in the lower crust, with a marked difference between the layered gabbros and the foliated gabbros above. Petrological modeling shows that the chemical evolution up section can be produced by hydrous fractionation crystallization, with melt H2O contents of ~0.8 wt% and 0.8 to 1.2 wt% for the lower and upper crust, respectively. Together with the observed very steep bulk Zr/Hf vs. Zr gradient, high F and Cl content of magmatic amphibole, general Nb-Ta depletion of melts compared with NMORB, and high Sr87/Sr86 ratio compared with modern fast-spread crust, this suggests that Wadi Gideah layered gabbros were accreted by crystallization of ascending melts in sills, in a context of subduction initiation. The distinct changes in chemical trends and average grain size at the layered to foliated gabbro transition are tentatively explained by enhanced hydrothermal cooling deeper than the AML. The gabbro/dike transition displays complex structural and lithological relationships that, together with fractional crystallization modeling, point to episodic vertical movements of the AML. Plagioclase crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) measured over the whole gabbro section are always consistent with magmatic flow. The CPO strength generally increases downward, with more scattering in the layered gabbro section. From the top to the bottom of the layered gabbros, CPO become progressively more prolate, possibly reflecting increasing shear induced by active mantle flow underneath.Wadi Gideah lower crust recorded a formation history consistent with a hybrid accretion model, combing several processes such as downward magmatic flow and/or upward melt migration in the upper foliated gabbros, sill intrusions in the layered gabbros, and deep hydrothermal circulation. The latter was presumably focused in channels, preserved today as several, up to 100 m wide zones of extensively altered former layered gabbro, cross-cutting the magmatic layering. These metagabbros display significantly higher Sr87/Sr86 ratio, late stage magmatic phases, and evidence for high temperature partial melting.
Une coupe d'ancienne croute océanique rapide a été échantillonnée dans le Wadi Gideah, situé dans le Massif de Wadi Tayin de l'Ophiolite d'Oman. Cette série d'échantillons a permis de générer un jeu de données cohérent, combinant des études pétro-géochimiques et structurales, dans le but de construire une coupe de référence pour mieux contraindre notre compréhension des processus d'accrétion crustale aux dorsales océaniques rapides. Ce travail intègre aussi l'étude détaillée d'un affleurement représentant en partie la lentille magmatique axiale (LMA) fossile.Les analyses d'éléments majeurs et traces révèlent une évolution chimique dans la croûte inférieure, avec une nette différence entre les gabbros lités et les gabbros foliés sus-jacents. La modélisation pétrologique montre que l'évolution chimique vers le haut peut être produite par cristallisation fractionnée hydratée, avec des teneurs en H2O des magmas de ~0.8 wt% dans la croute inférieure et 0.8 to 1.2 wt% dans la croute supérieure. Combiné aux forts gradients de Zr/Hf vs. Zr, aux teneurs élevées de F et Cl dans les amphiboles magmatiques, à l'appauvrissement général en Nb-Ta des magmas comparé aux NMORB, et aux rapports Sr87/Sr86 élevés comparés à la croûte rapide moderne, ceci suggère que les gabbros lités du Wadi Gideah ont été formés par la cristallisation des magmas ascendants dans des sills, dans un contexte d'initiation de subduction. Les changements de signature géochimique et de taille de grain à la transition entre gabbros lités et gabbros foliés témoignent possiblement d'un fort refroidissement hydrothermal plus profond que la LMA. La transition complexe filonien/gabbro montre des relations structurale et lithologiques complexes, qui, combinées o la modélisation de la cristallisation fractionnée, traduisent les mouvements verticaux épisodiques de la LMA. Les orientations préférentielles cristallographiques (OPC) des plagioclases mesurées sur l'ensemble de la coupe dans les gabbros témoignent toujours d'une déformation magmatique. L'intensité des OPC a tendance à augmenter vers le bas, avec une plus forte variabilité dans les gabbros lités. Dans les gabbros lités, les OPC sont de plus en plus linéaires vers le bas, résultant possiblement d'un cisaillement plus fort induit par l'écoulement actif du manteau sous-jacent.La croûte inférieure dans le Wadi Gideah a enregistré une histoire compatible avec un modèle d'accrétion hydride, combinant plusieurs processus tels que l'écoulement magmatique vers le bas et/ou la migration de liquides magmatiques vers le haut dans les gabbros foliés supérieurs, l'intrusion de sills dans les gabbros lités, et une circulation hydrothermale profonde. Cette dernière était probablement concentrée dans des chenaux, préservés aujourd'hui sous la forme de plusieurs zones, dont l'épaisseur atteint 100 m, de gabbros lités fortement altérés, recoupant le litage magmatique. Ces métagabbros ont des rapports Sr87/Sr86 élevés, comportent des phases magmatiques tardives et montrent des évidences de fusion partielle.
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675

tel-01302675
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01302675/file/Th%C3%A8se_Tim-Mueller_2015.pdf

Résumé : Cette thèse concerne la modélisation des dynamiques de maladies foliaires de cultures pérennes tropicales à différentes échelles spatiales. Cette approche de modélisation est appliquée à la cercosporiose noire du bananier. Il s’agit d’explorer et de déterminer les paramètres environnementaux et de résistance de l’hôte ayant une influence significative sur la dynamique spatiotemporelle de la maladie et d’apporter des éléments associés au contrôle de la cercosporiose noire.Deux modèles ont été développés dans le cadre de cette thèse. La dynamique épidémiologique au niveau de la plante est décrite par un modèle mécaniste décomposé en un modèle de croissance de la plante et un module épidémiologique décrivant le cycle épidémique du pathogène. L’architecture du bananier est prise en compte par le biais de compartiments foliaires positionnés dans l’espace. Le modèle a été validé par un jeu de données indépendant. Les expérimentations numériques et l’analyse de sensibilité du modèle réalisées par les méthodes de Morris et de e-FAST ont permis de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement épidémique de cette maladie et d’identifier les paramètres influant le plus la dynamique épidémique en particulier la vitesse d’extension des lésions, la durée d’incubation et l’efficacité d’infection .L’approche bayésienne a permis de prendre en compte l’information a priori disponible pour ces trois paramètres sur lesquels a porté l’inférence statistique. L’analyse de sensibilité du modèle a également permis d’identifier l’influence de deux paramètres liés à la croissance de la plante : le nombre de feuilles sur une plante et le rythme d’émission foliaire Un modèle de dynamique spatio-temporelle de la cercosporiose noire a été développé à l’échelle d’un territoire à partir d’enquêtes effectuées enMartinique pendant la période d’invasion de cette maladie de septembre 2010 à mai 2012. Les données récoltées étant censurées, l’inférence des paramètres du modèle a été réalisée dans un cadre bayésien en utilisant un algorithme d’augmentation de données. Le modèle et l’inférence développés permettent de reconstruire la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’invasion et de prédire la fin d’invasion sur le territoire.Les deux modèles de dynamiques spatio-temporelles développés à deux échelles spatiales différentes ont permis d’acquérir des informations importantes pour construire des outils de conception de méthode de contrôle de la cercosporiose noire des bananiers.
This thesis concerns the modeling of the dynamics of foliar diseases of tropical tree crops at different spatial scales. This modeling approach is applied to black Sigatoka of banana. It is to explore and determine the environmental parameters and host resistance has a significant influence on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the disease and to provide elements associated with the control of Sigatoka noire.Deux models were developed as part of this thesis. The epidemiological dynamics at the plant is described by a mechanistic model decomposed into a growth model of the plant and an epidemiological unit describing the pathogen epidemic cycle. The architecture of the banana is taken into account through foliar compartments positioned in space. The model was validated by an independent data set. Numerical experiments and model sensitivity analysis performed by the methods of Morris and e-FAST enabled to better understand the functioning of this epidemic disease and identify the parameters affecting the most dynamic epidemic especially speed extension of the lesions, the incubation period and efficiency of Bayesian .L'approche infection allowed to take into account prior information available for these three parameters that were the statistical inference. The model sensitivity analysis also identified the influence of two parameters related to plant growth: the number of leaves on a plant and rate of leaf emission A dynamic model of space-time Black Sigatoka has been developed at the scale of a territory from surveys enMartinique during the period of invasion of the disease from September 2010 to May 2012. The data collected being censored, inference of model parameters has was performed in a Bayesian framework, using a data augmentation algorithm. The model developed and inference possible to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of the invasion and predict the end of the invasion territoire.Les two spatio-temporal dynamics models developed at two different spatial scales has been gained important information for build tools design method of control of black Sigatoka of banana.

http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0835/document